臨淮(huai)崗(gang)洪(hong)水控制(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng),也稱臨淮(huai)崗(gang)水利樞紐工(gong)(gong)程(cheng),是中(zhong)國(guo)治淮(huai)19項(xiang)骨干(gan)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)之(zhi)一(yi),也是國(guo)家“十五”計(ji)劃(hua)的(de)重點項(xiang)目。該工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)位(wei)于(yu)淮(huai)河(he)干(gan)流中(zhong)游(you)霍邱(qiu)縣(xian)(xian)和潁(ying)上(shang)縣(xian)(xian)交界處的(de)臨淮(huai)崗(gang),涉及河(he)南、安(an)徽(hui)(hui)兩省,主(zhu)體工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)跨安(an)徽(hui)(hui)省霍邱(qiu)縣(xian)(xian)、潁(ying)上(shang)縣(xian)(xian)、阜南縣(xian)(xian)三(san)縣(xian)(xian),控制(zhi)(zhi)面積4.22萬平(ping)方(fang)公里,一(yi)等大型(xing)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng),按100年(nian)一(yi)遇(yu)洪(hong)水標準設(she)計(ji),滯洪(hong)85.6億(yi)立方(fang)米,1000年(nian)一(yi)遇(yu)洪(hong)水標準校核,滯洪(hong)121.3億(yi)立方(fang)米。
主(zhu)體工(gong)程(cheng)由主(zhu)壩(ba)、南(nan)北(bei)副壩(ba)、引河(he)、船(chuan)閘、進泄洪閘等建筑物組成(cheng)(cheng)。工(gong)程(cheng)全長(chang)78公里,總(zong)投資22.67億元。2001年(nian)底動工(gong)興(xing)建,2003年(nian)11月提(ti)前一(yi)年(nian)成(cheng)(cheng)功實(shi)現淮河(he)截流,2006年(nian)6月,主(zhu)體工(gong)程(cheng)順利通過(guo)竣工(gong)初步驗收(shou)。
臨淮崗洪(hong)水(shui)控制工(gong)程是(shi)將淮河干流防洪(hong)標準(zhun)提(ti)高到100年一遇的(de)關鍵工(gong)程,堪稱淮河上(shang)的(de)“三峽工(gong)程”和“小浪底工(gong)程”,它(ta)的(de)建成,在治淮歷(li)史上(shang)具有(you)里(li)程碑(bei)的(de)意義。
地理環境
臨淮崗地區屬于淮河(he)中(zhong)游與(yu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)游交(jiao)界的(de)地方(fang),上(shang)(shang)(shang)游的(de)淮河(he)兩(liang)(liang)岸,地形為兩(liang)(liang)崗夾一洼,可滯蓄(xu)大量洪(hong)水(shui),是(shi)不可多得的(de)優良壩址。臨淮崗洪(hong)水(shui)控制(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)程壩址以上(shang)(shang)(shang)淮河(he)長(chang)約490公里,集水(shui)面積242160公里。在這(zhe)個位于安徽省霍邱縣(xian)和(he)潁(ying)上(shang)(shang)(shang)縣(xian)交(jiao)界處的(de)地方(fang),興建洪(hong)水(shui)控制(zhi)(zhi)性工(gong)(gong)程,可以扼(e)守著上(shang)(shang)(shang)游來水(shui)的(de)咽喉之道,幾乎控制(zhi)(zhi)了淮河(he)干(gan)流正陽關以上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)全部(bu)洪(hong)水(shui)臨淮崗工(gong)(gong)程的(de)建設,將(jiang)從根本上(shang)(shang)(shang)改變淮河(he)干(gan)流洪(hong)水(shui)長(chang)驅直(zhi)下,威脅淮北地區和(he)沿(yan)淮城市、工(gong)(gong)礦企(qi)業(ye)和(he)人(ren)民(min)群眾生命財產安全的(de)被動局面。
工程概況
臨(lin)淮(huai)崗洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)控制工程(cheng),是中國(guo)治淮(huai)19項骨干工程(cheng)之一,也是國(guo)家十五計劃的(de)重點項目。該工程(cheng)位(wei)于(yu)淮(huai)河干流中游,涉及(ji)河南(nan)、安(an)徽(hui)兩省,主(zhu)體(ti)工程(cheng)跨安(an)徽(hui)省霍邱、潁上、阜南(nan)三縣,控制面(mian)積4.22萬平方公里,一等大(1)型工程(cheng),按(an)100年(nian)一遇洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)標準(zhun)設(she)計,滯洪(hong)(hong)85.6億立方米(mi),1000年(nian)一遇洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)標準(zhun)校核,滯洪(hong)(hong)121.3億立方米(mi)。
主(zhu)體(ti)工程由主(zhu)壩、南(nan)北副壩、引(yin)河、船(chuan)閘、進泄洪(hong)閘等建(jian)筑物組成(cheng)。工程全長78公里,總(zong)投資(zi)22.67億(yi)元。
攔河壩
臨淮崗大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)由主壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)和南、北副(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)組成,全(quan)長77.51公里。主壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)長8.54公里,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)寬(kuan)10米(mi)(mi),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)高程31.7米(mi)(mi)。南副(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)長8.41公里,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)寬(kuan)6.0米(mi)(mi),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)高程32.25米(mi)(mi)。北副(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)長60.56公里,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)寬(kuan)6.0米(mi)(mi),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)高程32.21~32.95米(mi)(mi)。
南副(fu)壩建(jian)于2002年10月(yue),2005年8月(yue)完(wan)工。南副(fu)壩為均質土壩,1級建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)。壩頂高程(cheng)32.15m,頂寬6~8.5m,最大(da)(da)壩高11.0m,穿壩建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)7座。自城西(xi)湖船閘向南至霍(huo)邱縣大(da)(da)莫店子,全長8.41km。
臨淮崗(gang)北副壩(ba),自安徽省潁上縣陳巷(xiang)子(zi)起,沿(yan)半崗(gang)保(bao)莊(zhuang)圩(wei)(wei)堤(di)(di)(di)及古城保(bao)莊(zhuang)圩(wei)(wei),潤趙段(duan)保(bao)莊(zhuang)圩(wei)(wei)的沿(yan)崗(gang)堤(di)(di)(di),經潤河集(ji)穿陶壩(ba)孜(zi)閘(zha),沿(yan)南(nan)潤段(duan)堤(di)(di)(di)至(zhi)南(nan)照集(ji),黃崗(gang)轉向北,經狗刺(ci)園楊(yang)莊(zhuang)轉向西至(zhi)張集(ji)閘(zha),全長60.519公里(li),壩(ba)頂(ding)高程為(wei)32.1米~32.85米,壩(ba)頂(ding)寬度為(wei)6.0m,壩(ba)頂(ding)設4.5米寬的泥結(jie)碎石防汛路面。
進泄洪閘
進泄(xie)洪(hong)閘包括:49孔淺孔閘、14孔姜唐湖(hu)進洪(hong)閘,12孔深孔閘等工程(cheng)。
49孔淺孔閘,在安(an)(an)徽霍(huo)邱縣北20公(gong)里,位于(yu)七十二水(shui)匯正(zheng)陽的淮河干(gan)中游正(zheng)陽關(guan)以上28公(gong)里處。 49孔淺孔閘是臨淮崗(gang)洪(hong)水(shui)控(kong)制(zhi)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的主要(yao)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)之一(yi)(yi),坐落在引河左側灘地,大洪(hong)水(shui)時(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)淮河干(gan)流下泄(xie)(xie)流量(liang);非汛期(qi)和中小洪(hong)水(shui)時(shi),敞開泄(xie)(xie)水(shui)。為一(yi)(yi)等1級工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),近100年(nian)(nian)一(yi)(yi)遇(yu)洪(hong)水(shui)標準設計,1000年(nian)(nian)一(yi)(yi)遇(yu)洪(hong)水(shui)標準校核。其(qi)(qi)閘設計洪(hong)水(shui)位28.21M,閘下設計洪(hong)水(shui)位26.75M,與其(qi)(qi)它泄(xie)(xie)水(shui)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)共同控(kong)制(zhi)下泄(xie)(xie)洪(hong)水(shui)流量(liang)7362立方(fang)米/秒(miao)。原閘興建(jian)(jian)于(yu)1958年(nian)(nian),因(yin)歷史原因(yin)建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)后(hou)功能不全,存在諸多安(an)(an)全隱患,2001年(nian)(nian)開始加固(gu)改建(jian)(jian)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。
深(shen)(shen)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha),位于主壩上,在原深(shen)(shen)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)與49孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)淺孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)之(zhi)間,為一(yi)等(deng)1級建筑物,按照100年一(yi)遇洪水(shui)時壩上設(she)(she)(she)(she)計洪水(shui)位18.41m(85國家(jia)高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)基(ji)準(zhun),下(xia)同(tong)(tong)),壩下(xia)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計洪水(shui)位26.75m,深(shen)(shen)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)與49孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)淺孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)、姜唐湖進洪閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)共同(tong)(tong)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)下(xia)泄(xie)流(liu)33量7362m/s,相應滯(zhi)蓄庫容85.6億立方(fang)米(mi)。深(shen)(shen)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)12孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),單孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)凈寬8m,中(zhong)墩厚(hou)1.2m,縫墩厚(hou)1.0m,閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)室(shi)(shi)(shi)總寬115.8m。閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)底坎高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)14.9m,底板厚(hou)1.5m。閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)室(shi)(shi)(shi)下(xia)游(you)設(she)(she)(she)(she)公路橋,橋面(mian)高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)31.6m,橋寬72×1.5(m)。閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)室(shi)(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)型構(gou)(gou)造,中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)撐梁。閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)室(shi)(shi)(shi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側(ce)空(kong)(kong)箱(xiang)岸墻(qiang)(qiang),上部(bu)(bu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)橋頭堡(bao)。橋頭堡(bao)三(san)層(ceng),框架結構(gou)(gou)。深(shen)(shen)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)上游(you)設(she)(she)(she)(she)15m長鋼筋(jin)砼鋪蓋,鋪蓋上游(you)接砌石(shi)護底。深(shen)(shen)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)下(xia)游(you)設(she)(she)(she)(she)25m長鋼筋(jin)砼消力池,池深(shen)(shen)1.0m;消力池后接45m長砌石(shi)海漫,海漫后設(she)(she)(she)(she)拋石(shi)防沖槽。深(shen)(shen)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)岸對稱布置上下(xia)游(you)翼(yi)墻(qiang)(qiang),翼(yi)墻(qiang)(qiang)一(yi)般為鋼筋(jin)砼空(kong)(kong)箱(xiang)結構(gou)(gou),最(zui)大擋土(tu)(tu)高(gao)(gao)度13.3m,墻(qiang)(qiang)后填土(tu)(tu)內(nei)設(she)(she)(she)(she)土(tu)(tu)工格柵形成的加筋(jin)土(tu)(tu)擋墻(qiang)(qiang)。兩(liang)(liang)(liang)岸護坡(po)分砌石(shi)護坡(po)與砼護坡(po)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)種,20m高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)以(yi)下(xia)護坡(po)一(yi)般采用砌石(shi)結構(gou)(gou),20m以(yi)上采用砼結構(gou)(gou)。閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)基(ji)砂層(ceng)出(chu)露較高(gao)(gao),在閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)室(shi)(shi)(shi)四周做(zuo)多(duo)頭小直徑深(shen)(shen)層(ceng)攪拌樁形成的垂直防滲墻(qiang)(qiang)。深(shen)(shen)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)每(mei)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)一(yi)扇平面(mian)鋼閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men),門(men)高(gao)(gao)8.5m。上下(xia)游(you)各設(she)(she)(she)(she)一(yi)套檢修門(men)。電氣設(she)(she)(she)(she)計包括(kuo)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)用主變、一(yi)次(ci)電及(ji)集中(zhong)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)等(deng)。
姜(jiang)唐湖進洪(hong)(hong)(hong)閘(zha)(zha),位(wei)于(yu)老淮河主槽與49孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)淺孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)閘(zha)(zha)間(jian)的(de)主壩上,共14孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。每孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)凈寬(kuan)12.0m,閘(zha)(zha)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)總寬(kuan)196.82m,設計進洪(hong)(hong)(hong)流量(liang)2400立(li)方米(mi)/秒(miao)。為Ⅰ級建筑(zhu)物,是臨淮崗洪(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)控(kong)制工(gong)程主要建筑(zhu)物之一(yi),在設計洪(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)情況下,姜(jiang)唐湖進洪(hong)(hong)(hong)閘(zha)(zha)與49孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)淺孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)閘(zha)(zha)、12孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)深孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)閘(zha)(zha)共同控(kong)制下泄流量(liang),相(xiang)應滯蓄(xu)庫(ku)容85.6億立(li)方米(mi)。此次通過(guo)驗(yan)(yan)收,將正式(shi)投入使用,參與分泄淮干洪(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui),為臨淮崗工(gong)程整體作用的(de)發揮和淮河的(de)防洪(hong)(hong)(hong)保安提供保證。于(yu)2003年(nian)(nian)4月24日正式(shi)開工(gong),2005年(nian)(nian)5月24日完(wan)工(gong),2005年(nian)(nian)8月8日通過(guo)驗(yan)(yan)收。
船閘
船閘,包括臨(lin)淮崗船閘、城西湖(hu)船閘等。
臨淮崗船(chuan)閘,為溝通淮河上下游航運的(de)通航建(jian)筑物,建(jian)于(yu)2002年10月(yue),2005年6月(yue)完(wan)工。航道等(deng)級為Ⅳ級,500t級,閘室為130m×12m。
城(cheng)西(xi)湖(hu)船(chuan)閘,1958年(nian)作為(wei)臨(lin)(lin)淮(huai)崗船(chuan)閘(500t級)開工修建(jian),1962年(nian)臨(lin)(lin)淮(huai)崗工程(cheng)停建(jian)后,1967年(nian)將其改建(jian)為(wei)城(cheng)西(xi)湖(hu)船(chuan)閘,作為(wei)溝通(tong)淮(huai)河(he)與城(cheng)西(xi)湖(hu)的航(hang)(hang)運通(tong)道(dao)。2002年(nian)10月(yue)(yue)進行加固改造(zao),2005年(nian)6月(yue)(yue)完工。城(cheng)西(xi)湖(hu)船(chuan)閘航(hang)(hang)道(dao)等(deng)級為(wei)Ⅵ級,100t級,閘室為(wei)108.65m×8m。