臨(lin)(lin)淮(huai)崗洪水(shui)(shui)控制工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng),也(ye)稱臨(lin)(lin)淮(huai)崗水(shui)(shui)利樞紐(niu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng),是中(zhong)國(guo)治淮(huai)19項骨干(gan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)之一(yi)(yi),也(ye)是國(guo)家(jia)“十五”計(ji)(ji)劃的重(zhong)點項目。該工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)位于淮(huai)河(he)干(gan)流中(zhong)游霍(huo)邱(qiu)縣和潁上縣交界處(chu)的臨(lin)(lin)淮(huai)崗,涉及河(he)南、安徽兩省,主體工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)跨安徽省霍(huo)邱(qiu)縣、潁上縣、阜南縣三縣,控制面積(ji)4.22萬平方(fang)公里,一(yi)(yi)等大型工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng),按(an)100年(nian)一(yi)(yi)遇洪水(shui)(shui)標準設(she)計(ji)(ji),滯洪85.6億立(li)方(fang)米,1000年(nian)一(yi)(yi)遇洪水(shui)(shui)標準校核,滯洪121.3億立(li)方(fang)米。
主體工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程由主壩、南北副壩、引河(he)、船閘、進泄洪閘等建筑物組成。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程全長(chang)78公里(li),總投(tou)資22.67億元。2001年(nian)底動(dong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)興建,2003年(nian)11月提前(qian)一年(nian)成功實現淮河(he)截流,2006年(nian)6月,主體工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程順利通過竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)初步驗(yan)收。
臨淮(huai)崗洪水控制(zhi)工程(cheng)是將(jiang)淮(huai)河干流防洪標(biao)準提高到100年一(yi)遇的(de)關(guan)鍵工程(cheng),堪稱淮(huai)河上的(de)“三(san)峽(xia)工程(cheng)”和“小浪(lang)底工程(cheng)”,它的(de)建成,在治淮(huai)歷史上具有(you)里程(cheng)碑的(de)意義。
地理環境
臨(lin)淮(huai)(huai)崗(gang)(gang)地(di)區屬于淮(huai)(huai)河(he)(he)中游(you)與(yu)上(shang)游(you)交界的地(di)方,上(shang)游(you)的淮(huai)(huai)河(he)(he)兩岸,地(di)形為兩崗(gang)(gang)夾(jia)一洼,可滯(zhi)蓄大量洪(hong)(hong)水(shui),是不可多得(de)的優良壩址(zhi)。臨(lin)淮(huai)(huai)崗(gang)(gang)洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)控制工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)壩址(zhi)以上(shang)淮(huai)(huai)河(he)(he)長約490公(gong)里(li),集水(shui)面積242160公(gong)里(li)。在這(zhe)個位于安徽省霍(huo)邱縣和潁上(shang)縣交界處的地(di)方,興建洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)控制性工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng),可以扼守著上(shang)游(you)來水(shui)的咽(yan)喉(hou)之道,幾乎(hu)控制了(le)淮(huai)(huai)河(he)(he)干(gan)流(liu)正(zheng)陽關(guan)以上(shang)的全部(bu)洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)臨(lin)淮(huai)(huai)崗(gang)(gang)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的建設,將從根本上(shang)改變淮(huai)(huai)河(he)(he)干(gan)流(liu)洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)長驅直下,威脅淮(huai)(huai)北地(di)區和沿淮(huai)(huai)城市、工(gong)礦企業和人民群眾生命財產安全的被(bei)動局面。
工程概況
臨淮崗(gang)洪(hong)水(shui)控制(zhi)工程,是(shi)中國治淮19項(xiang)骨干工程之一(yi)(yi),也(ye)是(shi)國家十五計劃的重點項(xiang)目(mu)。該(gai)工程位于(yu)淮河(he)干流中游,涉(she)及河(he)南、安徽兩省,主體(ti)工程跨安徽省霍邱(qiu)、潁上、阜南三縣,控制(zhi)面積4.22萬平方公里,一(yi)(yi)等大(1)型工程,按100年(nian)一(yi)(yi)遇洪(hong)水(shui)標準設計,滯(zhi)洪(hong)85.6億立方米,1000年(nian)一(yi)(yi)遇洪(hong)水(shui)標準校核,滯(zhi)洪(hong)121.3億立方米。
主體工程由(you)主壩、南北副壩、引河、船閘、進泄洪(hong)閘等(deng)建筑物組(zu)成。工程全長78公里(li),總投資22.67億元。
攔河壩
臨淮崗(gang)大壩(ba)由主壩(ba)和南(nan)、北副壩(ba)組成,全長77.51公(gong)(gong)里(li)。主壩(ba)長8.54公(gong)(gong)里(li),壩(ba)頂(ding)寬10米(mi)(mi),壩(ba)頂(ding)高程(cheng)(cheng)31.7米(mi)(mi)。南(nan)副壩(ba)長8.41公(gong)(gong)里(li),壩(ba)頂(ding)寬6.0米(mi)(mi),壩(ba)頂(ding)高程(cheng)(cheng)32.25米(mi)(mi)。北副壩(ba)長60.56公(gong)(gong)里(li),壩(ba)頂(ding)寬6.0米(mi)(mi),壩(ba)頂(ding)高程(cheng)(cheng)32.21~32.95米(mi)(mi)。
南(nan)副(fu)壩(ba)(ba)建于2002年10月,2005年8月完工。南(nan)副(fu)壩(ba)(ba)為均(jun)質土壩(ba)(ba),1級建筑物(wu)。壩(ba)(ba)頂(ding)高程32.15m,頂(ding)寬6~8.5m,最(zui)大壩(ba)(ba)高11.0m,穿壩(ba)(ba)建筑物(wu)7座。自城西湖船閘向(xiang)南(nan)至霍(huo)邱縣大莫店子,全長8.41km。
臨淮崗(gang)北(bei)副壩(ba)(ba),自安徽省潁上縣陳巷子起,沿(yan)半崗(gang)保(bao)莊圩(wei)堤(di)及古城(cheng)保(bao)莊圩(wei),潤趙段保(bao)莊圩(wei)的沿(yan)崗(gang)堤(di),經(jing)潤河集(ji)穿陶壩(ba)(ba)孜閘,沿(yan)南潤段堤(di)至南照集(ji),黃崗(gang)轉(zhuan)向北(bei),經(jing)狗刺園(yuan)楊莊轉(zhuan)向西(xi)至張(zhang)集(ji)閘,全長60.519公里,壩(ba)(ba)頂高程為32.1米~32.85米,壩(ba)(ba)頂寬(kuan)度(du)為6.0m,壩(ba)(ba)頂設4.5米寬(kuan)的泥結碎(sui)石(shi)防(fang)汛路(lu)面(mian)。
進泄洪閘
進(jin)泄洪閘包括:49孔(kong)淺(qian)孔(kong)閘、14孔(kong)姜唐湖進(jin)洪閘,12孔(kong)深孔(kong)閘等工程。
49孔淺(qian)孔閘(zha),在(zai)安徽(hui)霍邱縣北20公(gong)里(li)(li),位(wei)(wei)于(yu)七十二(er)水(shui)(shui)(shui)匯正(zheng)陽(yang)的淮河干中游(you)正(zheng)陽(yang)關以上(shang)28公(gong)里(li)(li)處。 49孔淺(qian)孔閘(zha)是臨淮崗洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)控制工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的主要建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑物之(zhi)一(yi),坐落在(zai)引河左側(ce)灘地,大洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)時控制淮河干流下(xia)泄(xie)流量(liang);非汛期和中小洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)時,敞開泄(xie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。為一(yi)等1級工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng),近100年一(yi)遇洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)標準設(she)計(ji),1000年一(yi)遇洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)標準校核。其閘(zha)設(she)計(ji)洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)28.21M,閘(zha)下(xia)設(she)計(ji)洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)26.75M,與其它泄(xie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑物共同控制下(xia)泄(xie)洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)流量(liang)7362立方(fang)米/秒。原閘(zha)興(xing)建(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)1958年,因歷史原因建(jian)(jian)(jian)成后(hou)功能不全(quan),存在(zai)諸多安全(quan)隱患,2001年開始加固改建(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)。
深(shen)(shen)(shen)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)閘(zha)(zha)(zha),位于主(zhu)(zhu)壩上,在原深(shen)(shen)(shen)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)與(yu)49孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)淺(qian)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)之間(jian),為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)等(deng)1級建(jian)筑物(wu),按照100年一(yi)(yi)(yi)遇洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)時壩上設(she)(she)計(ji)洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)位18.41m(85國家高(gao)(gao)程基準,下(xia)(xia)同(tong)),壩下(xia)(xia)設(she)(she)計(ji)洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)位26.75m,深(shen)(shen)(shen)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)與(yu)49孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)淺(qian)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)、姜唐湖進(jin)洪(hong)(hong)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)共同(tong)控(kong)制下(xia)(xia)泄流33量(liang)7362m/s,相應(ying)滯蓄庫容(rong)85.6億立方米。深(shen)(shen)(shen)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)12孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),單孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)凈寬8m,中墩(dun)厚(hou)1.2m,縫(feng)墩(dun)厚(hou)1.0m,閘(zha)(zha)(zha)室(shi)總寬115.8m。閘(zha)(zha)(zha)底坎(kan)高(gao)(gao)程14.9m,底板厚(hou)1.5m。閘(zha)(zha)(zha)室(shi)下(xia)(xia)游設(she)(she)公路橋,橋面(mian)(mian)高(gao)(gao)程31.6m,橋寬72×1.5(m)。閘(zha)(zha)(zha)室(shi)箱(xiang)型構造,中部設(she)(she)撐(cheng)梁。閘(zha)(zha)(zha)室(shi)兩側空箱(xiang)岸(an)墻,上部設(she)(she)橋頭堡。橋頭堡三(san)層,框架(jia)結(jie)(jie)構。深(shen)(shen)(shen)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)上游設(she)(she)15m長(chang)鋼(gang)筋(jin)砼(tong)(tong)鋪蓋,鋪蓋上游接砌石(shi)(shi)(shi)護(hu)(hu)(hu)底。深(shen)(shen)(shen)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)下(xia)(xia)游設(she)(she)25m長(chang)鋼(gang)筋(jin)砼(tong)(tong)消力池(chi),池(chi)深(shen)(shen)(shen)1.0m;消力池(chi)后(hou)接45m長(chang)砌石(shi)(shi)(shi)海(hai)漫,海(hai)漫后(hou)設(she)(she)拋(pao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)防(fang)沖槽。深(shen)(shen)(shen)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)兩岸(an)對(dui)稱布置上下(xia)(xia)游翼(yi)墻,翼(yi)墻一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)為(wei)鋼(gang)筋(jin)砼(tong)(tong)空箱(xiang)結(jie)(jie)構,最(zui)大擋土(tu)(tu)高(gao)(gao)度(du)13.3m,墻后(hou)填(tian)土(tu)(tu)內設(she)(she)土(tu)(tu)工格柵形成(cheng)的加筋(jin)土(tu)(tu)擋墻。兩岸(an)護(hu)(hu)(hu)坡(po)分砌石(shi)(shi)(shi)護(hu)(hu)(hu)坡(po)與(yu)砼(tong)(tong)護(hu)(hu)(hu)坡(po)兩種,20m高(gao)(gao)程以下(xia)(xia)護(hu)(hu)(hu)坡(po)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)采(cai)用砌石(shi)(shi)(shi)結(jie)(jie)構,20m以上采(cai)用砼(tong)(tong)結(jie)(jie)構。閘(zha)(zha)(zha)基砂層出露較高(gao)(gao),在閘(zha)(zha)(zha)室(shi)四周做多頭小直徑深(shen)(shen)(shen)層攪拌(ban)樁形成(cheng)的垂直防(fang)滲墻。深(shen)(shen)(shen)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)每(mei)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)扇平(ping)面(mian)(mian)鋼(gang)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門(men)(men),門(men)(men)高(gao)(gao)8.5m。上下(xia)(xia)游各設(she)(she)一(yi)(yi)(yi)套(tao)檢修門(men)(men)。電氣設(she)(she)計(ji)包括閘(zha)(zha)(zha)用主(zhu)(zhu)變、一(yi)(yi)(yi)次電及集(ji)中控(kong)制等(deng)。
姜唐湖(hu)進洪閘(zha)(zha)(zha),位于老(lao)淮河(he)主槽與49孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)淺孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)間的主壩上,共14孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。每(mei)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)凈寬12.0m,閘(zha)(zha)(zha)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)總(zong)寬196.82m,設計進洪流(liu)量(liang)2400立方米/秒。為(wei)Ⅰ級建筑物,是臨(lin)淮崗(gang)洪水(shui)(shui)控制(zhi)工程(cheng)主要(yao)建筑物之一,在(zai)設計洪水(shui)(shui)情況下(xia),姜唐湖(hu)進洪閘(zha)(zha)(zha)與49孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)淺孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)、12孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)深孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)共同控制(zhi)下(xia)泄流(liu)量(liang),相應(ying)滯(zhi)蓄庫(ku)容85.6億立方米。此次通過(guo)驗(yan)收(shou),將(jiang)正式(shi)(shi)投(tou)入使用(yong)(yong),參與分泄淮干(gan)洪水(shui)(shui),為(wei)臨(lin)淮崗(gang)工程(cheng)整體作用(yong)(yong)的發揮(hui)和淮河(he)的防洪保(bao)安提供(gong)保(bao)證。于2003年4月(yue)24日正式(shi)(shi)開工,2005年5月(yue)24日完工,2005年8月(yue)8日通過(guo)驗(yan)收(shou)。
船閘
船閘(zha),包(bao)括臨淮崗船閘(zha)、城西湖(hu)船閘(zha)等。
臨(lin)淮崗船閘,為(wei)(wei)溝通淮河上下游(you)航(hang)運的通航(hang)建筑物,建于2002年10月,2005年6月完工(gong)。航(hang)道等級(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)Ⅳ級(ji)(ji),500t級(ji)(ji),閘室為(wei)(wei)130m×12m。
城(cheng)西湖船閘,1958年(nian)作為臨淮崗船閘(500t級)開(kai)工修建(jian),1962年(nian)臨淮崗工程停建(jian)后(hou),1967年(nian)將(jiang)其改建(jian)為城(cheng)西湖船閘,作為溝通淮河與城(cheng)西湖的航(hang)運通道。2002年(nian)10月進(jin)行加固(gu)改造,2005年(nian)6月完(wan)工。城(cheng)西湖船閘航(hang)道等級為Ⅵ級,100t級,閘室為108.65m×8m。