芒果视频下载

墓地概況

大(da)河口(kou)(kou)西(xi)周(zhou)(zhou)墓(mu)地位于山西(xi)省臨汾市翼城縣(xian)，占地面(mian)積約4萬余平方(fang)米，有墓(mu)葬(zang)千余座。從2009年(nian)(nian)開始，考古(gu)(gu)工作者對墓(mu)地進行(xing)的大(da)面(mian)積發掘已揭(jie)露面(mian)積15000余平方(fang)米，發現墓(mu)葬(zang)615座、車馬坑22座。墓(mu)葬(zang)內不僅(jin)首次發現了(le)漆木俑(yong)、原始瓷器等國(guo)寶(bao)，而且(qie)首次發現西(xi)周(zhou)(zhou)時期三足(zu)銅盂、三足(zu)鼎式(shi)簋等珍稀(xi)青銅器，個別墓(mu)葬(zang)甚至發現有金器，三千年(nian)(nian)前的這些寶(bao)器為研究古(gu)(gu)代封(feng)國(guo)的歷史(shi)(shi)提供(gong)了(le)重要史(shi)(shi)料。2011年(nian)(nian)4月25日，山西(xi)翼城縣(xian)“大(da)河口(kou)(kou)西(xi)周(zhou)(zhou)墓(mu)地”入圍2010年(nian)(nian)中國(guo)十大(da)考古(gu)(gu)新發現。

地理位置

大河(he)(he)口西(xi)(xi)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)墓(mu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)位(wei)于(yu)翼城(cheng)縣城(cheng)以東(dong)約6公里處，處于(yu)一(yi)片兩河(he)(he)交匯形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)三角(jiao)洲高地(di)(di)(di)(di)上(shang)。墓(mu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)四周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)除了西(xi)(xi)北部與西(xi)(xi)側(ce)臺地(di)(di)(di)(di)相(xiang)接外，皆為(wei)(wei)溝壑地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌，澮河(he)(he)干流和支流分(fen)別縈繞墓(mu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)兩側(ce)流過，地(di)(di)(di)(di)勢為(wei)(wei)北高南(nan)低的(de)向陽緩坡。其北部為(wei)(wei)太岳山(shan)余脈(mo)和尚公德山(shan)（又名二峰山(shan)），東(dong)南(nan)為(wei)(wei)太行山(shan)余脈(mo)翔山(shan)，西(xi)(xi)部為(wei)(wei)凸(tu)起的(de)丘陵山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)，西(xi)(xi)南(nan)為(wei)(wei)沖積平原。在墓(mu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)圍發現(xian)了幾(ji)處不(bu)同(tong)時期的(de)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)，其中(zhong)新石器(qi)時代遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)于(yu)墓(mu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)方(fang)的(de)澮河(he)(he)東(dong)岸臺地(di)(di)(di)(di)上(shang)，西(xi)(xi)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)于(yu)墓(mu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)約0.5公里處，東(dong)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)和漢代遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)布于(yu)墓(mu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)東(dong)北、東(dong)側(ce)和西(xi)(xi)南(nan)方(fang)臺地(di)(di)(di)(di)上(shang)，墓(mu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)范(fan)圍內(nei)也包含有數十(shi)座東(dong)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)窖(jiao)穴遺(yi)存。

發掘歷史

2007年(nian)5月大(da)(da)河(he)口西(xi)周墓(mu)(mu)(mu)地被盜發(fa)(fa)現(xian)，山西(xi)省考(kao)古研究所(suo)報請國家文物局批準，于2007年(nian)9月至(zhi)2008年(nian)5月進(jin)行(xing)了考(kao)古勘探和試掘，共試掘了6座墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)；2008年(nian)9月至(zhi)12月進(jin)行(xing)了全(quan)面(mian)普探，通(tong)過勘探發(fa)(fa)掘了解到墓(mu)(mu)(mu)地分(fen)(fen)布(bu)面(mian)積(ji)約4萬余平(ping)方米，埋(mai)藏西(xi)周墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang) 1000余座。2009年(nian)5月開(kai)始進(jin)行(xing)大(da)(da)規模搶救性發(fa)(fa)掘。已揭露面(mian)積(ji)15000余平(ping)方米，發(fa)(fa)現(xian)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)615座，車馬坑22座。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)內出土的青銅(tong)器(qi)種類(lei)有食器(qi)、酒器(qi)、水器(qi)、兵(bing)器(qi)、工具、車馬器(qi)、樂器(qi)等(deng)；陶器(qi)組合(he)主要有：鬲(li)，鬲(li)罐(guan)，罐(guan)，鬲(li)盆罐(guan)等(deng)。玉、石、骨、蚌器(qi)、貝和串飾(shi)較多，部分(fen)(fen)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)隨葬(zang)錫器(qi)或漆器(qi)，個別墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)甚至(zhi)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)有金器(qi)。到2011年(nian)4月末，大(da)(da)河(he)口西(xi)周墓(mu)(mu)(mu)地發(fa)(fa)掘工作進(jin)入(ru)尾聲，僅(jin)剩下數十(shi)座小型墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)尚(shang)未發(fa)(fa)掘、保護(hu)。

為(wei)了(le)保證(zheng)遺址科(ke)學順利地發(fa)(fa)(fa)掘(jue)(jue)(jue)，工作人員進行了(le)全(quan)面(mian)(mian)部署(shu)。以勘(kan)探(tan)結(jie)果為(wei)依據，選擇(ze)重點區域，確定發(fa)(fa)(fa)掘(jue)(jue)(jue)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)，設立(li)坐標基點，統一分區布方(fang)，首先進行抽樣(yang)式小探(tan)方(fang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)掘(jue)(jue)(jue)，再(zai)進行大(da)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)探(tan)方(fang)揭露(lu)，按(an)層位發(fa)(fa)(fa)掘(jue)(jue)(jue)所有(you)探(tan)方(fang)墓(mu)口(kou)(kou)上文(wen)(wen)化(hua)層，暴露(lu)墓(mu)口(kou)(kou)，拍攝探(tan)方(fang)全(quan)景照后，打掉(diao)隔梁(liang)，然后將(jiang)每(mei)座墓(mu)葬下挖(wa)30厘(li)米，對墓(mu)葬進行統一測(ce)量(liang)繪圖、航拍、編號，再(zai)按(an)計(ji)劃有(you)步驟地發(fa)(fa)(fa)掘(jue)(jue)(jue)單(dan)個墓(mu)葬。墓(mu)葬填土(tu)采取(qu)(qu)半剖(pou)面(mian)(mian)或多剖(pou)面(mian)(mian)結(jie)合的發(fa)(fa)(fa)掘(jue)(jue)(jue)方(fang)法，按(an)照逆埋葬順序逐層發(fa)(fa)(fa)掘(jue)(jue)(jue)，并及時做好記錄(lu)資(zi)料、取(qu)(qu)樣(yang)和現(xian)(xian)場文(wen)(wen)物(wu)保護工作，加強(qiang)多學科(ke)合作。此次大(da)規模發(fa)(fa)(fa)掘(jue)(jue)(jue)發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)并搶救了(le)一大(da)批珍貴的文(wen)(wen)物(wu)，考古工作取(qu)(qu)得了(le)階段性的重要(yao)成果。

2017年(nian)6月7日，山西省考(kao)(kao)古研究(jiu)所獲悉，經過考(kao)(kao)古工作者3年(nian)再(zai)發(fa)(fa)掘，翼城(cheng)大河口西周“霸國”墓(mu)地(di)已(yi)全(quan)部發(fa)(fa)掘完成。10年(nian)間，共(gong)發(fa)(fa)掘墓(mu)葬2200余(yu)座(zuo)，出(chu)土(tu)器物2.5萬余(yu)件組。

墓地形制

墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)形制均為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)長方(fang)形土(tu)壙(kuang)豎(shu)穴，多(duo)口小底大(da)(da)(da)。葬(zang)(zang)(zang)俗絕大(da)(da)(da)多(duo)數為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)東西(xi)向(xiang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)，以頭向(xiang)西(xi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，少(shao)量頭向(xiang)東，南(nan)北向(xiang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)僅10余座。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)間(jian)很少(shao)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)有(you)(you)打破(po)現(xian)象，大(da)(da)(da)中型墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)在發(fa)(fa)掘(jue)區域內散布，分(fen)(fen)布沒有(you)(you)明(ming)(ming)顯規律，區域內墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)聚群特征明(ming)(ming)顯。車馬(ma)坑均位于大(da)(da)(da)中型墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)的(de)東側，除(chu)1座為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)南(nan)北向(xiang)外(wai)，余均為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)東西(xi)向(xiang)。部(bu)分(fen)(fen)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)有(you)(you)腳(jiao)窩和生(sheng)土(tu)二層臺，個(ge)別墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)有(you)(you)壁(bi)龕(kan)，葬(zang)(zang)(zang)具(ju)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)棺(guan)、一(yi)棺(guan)一(yi)槨(guo)或(huo)二棺(guan)一(yi)槨(guo)，槨(guo)蓋板一(yi)般為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)橫鋪，棺(guan)蓋板、底板和槨(guo)底板一(yi)般為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)豎(shu)鋪（個(ge)別例外(wai)），四壁(bi)立板間(jian)多(duo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)榫卯結(jie)構。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)主(zhu)多(duo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)仰身直肢，個(ge)別為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)屈肢葬(zang)(zang)(zang)，未(wei)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)俯身葬(zang)(zang)(zang)式。發(fa)(fa)現(xian)腰(yao)坑和腰(yao)坑殉(xun)狗的(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)較(jiao)多(duo)，未(wei)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)殉(xun)人。僅2008年發(fa)(fa)掘(jue)的(de)M1發(fa)(fa)現(xian)有(you)(you)四個(ge)斜洞，其余墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)均未(wei)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)此類設施。隨(sui)(sui)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)器(qi)物多(duo)放置在墓(mu)(mu)(mu)主(zhu)頭前，其余置于棺(guan)槨(guo)間(jian)、二層臺上、棺(guan)內或(huo)蓋板上，大(da)(da)(da)中型墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)以隨(sui)(sui)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)青銅器(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，小型墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)以隨(sui)(sui)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)陶器(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)。青銅器(qi)種類豐富，食(shi)器(qi)、酒(jiu)器(qi)、水器(qi)、兵(bing)器(qi)、工具(ju)、車馬(ma)器(qi)、樂器(qi)等都(dou)有(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)；陶器(qi)組合主(zhu)要有(you)(you)鬲、鬲罐(guan)(guan)、罐(guan)(guan)、鬲盆(pen)罐(guan)(guan)等等；玉、石、骨、蚌(bang)器(qi)、貝和串飾較(jiao)多(duo)；部(bu)分(fen)(fen)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)隨(sui)(sui)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)錫器(qi)或(huo)漆器(qi)；個(ge)別墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)有(you)(you)金器(qi)；少(shao)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)未(wei)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)隨(sui)(sui)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)器(qi)物。

M1為(wei)東西(xi)方(fang)向，土(tu)坑(keng)(keng)豎(shu)穴，口(kou)小(xiao)(xiao)底(di)(di)(di)大(da)，墓(mu)(mu)口(kou)長(chang)4.25米、寬(kuan)3.22米、墓(mu)(mu)底(di)(di)(di)長(chang)4.6米、寬(kuan)3.78米、自深9.75米，在(zai)墓(mu)(mu)口(kou)平面(mian)(mian)(mian)四角(jiao)外發(fa)現(xian)(xian)4個(ge)通向墓(mu)(mu)壁的斜洞(dong)，這是(shi)繼絳縣(xian)橫(heng)水墓(mu)(mu)地(di)之后又一(yi)次發(fa)現(xian)(xian)類似的斜洞(dong)設施。墓(mu)(mu)主頭向西(xi)，仰身直下肢，一(yi)棺(guan)一(yi)槨(guo)，槨(guo)底(di)(di)(di)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)腰坑(keng)(keng)。在(zai)墓(mu)(mu)室二層臺(tai)之上(shang)四壁發(fa)現(xian)(xian)11個(ge)壁龕(kan)(kan)，壁龕(kan)(kan)內(nei)(nei)放置(zhi)漆(qi)木器(qi)(qi)(qi)、原始(shi)瓷(ci)器(qi)(qi)(qi)和陶器(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)物，已發(fa)現(xian)(xian)的漆(qi)木器(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)俎(zu)、罍、豆、壺(hu)、杯(bei)（雙(shuang)耳(er)杯(bei)、單耳(er)杯(bei)、角(jiao)狀杯(bei)）、犧尊(zun)、坐(zuo)屏(ping)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，在(zai)一(yi)座墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)內(nei)(nei)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)如(ru)此多的壁龕(kan)(kan)、并且在(zai)壁龕(kan)(kan)內(nei)(nei)放置(zhi)大(da)量器(qi)(qi)(qi)物的現(xian)(xian)象，為(wei)西(xi)周墓(mu)(mu)考古中(zhong)首(shou)見。在(zai)東部二層臺(tai)上(shang)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)漆(qi)木俑(yong)，雙(shuang)足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)站立于漆(qi)木龜(gui)上(shang)，雙(shuang)手作(zuo)持物狀，兩(liang)(liang)俑(yong)前面(mian)(mian)(mian)及側面(mian)(mian)(mian)放置(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)漆(qi)木器(qi)(qi)(qi)，這在(zai)中(zhong)原地(di)區西(xi)周墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)內(nei)(nei)也是(shi)首(shou)見。在(zai)其他幾面(mian)(mian)(mian)二層臺(tai)上(shang)還發(fa)現(xian)(xian)有(you)(you)(you)帶木柄銅(tong)(tong)兵器(qi)(qi)(qi)和漆(qi)木盾(dun)牌等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。在(zai)墓(mu)(mu)室內(nei)(nei)棺(guan)槨(guo)之間或棺(guan)蓋上(shang)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)了大(da)量的青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、原始(shi)瓷(ci)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、陶器(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)物，其中(zhong)青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)數(shu)量最多，包括禮器(qi)(qi)(qi)、樂器(qi)(qi)(qi)、兵器(qi)(qi)(qi)、工具、車(che)馬(ma)器(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)禮器(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)鼎(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)24件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、簋(gui)(gui)9件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、鬲(li)7件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、甗1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、盤1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、盉1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、觚1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、爵6件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、觶8 件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、尊(zun)2件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、卣4件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、罍1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、單耳(er)罐1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、斗1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，樂器(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)銅(tong)(tong)鐘(zhong)和鐃3組8件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，發(fa)現(xian)(xian)的木盾(dun)牌青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)飾昜、兵器(qi)(qi)(qi)戈、戟、矛、鉞等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)30余件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)都具有(you)(you)(you)非(fei)常高(gao)的價(jia)值，很多兵器(qi)(qi)(qi)遺存有(you)(you)(you)木柄，銅(tong)(tong)工具有(you)(you)(you)斧、鑿、鏟等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。銅(tong)(tong)車(che)馬(ma)器(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)銅(tong)(tong)掛韁鉤、鑾鈴、車(che)轄、當(dang)盧等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，還發(fa)現(xian)(xian)原始(shi)瓷(ci)尊(zun)4件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，瓷(ci)豆6件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，瓷(ci)瓿1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，陶器(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)鼎(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)2件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、鬲(li)1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、豆6件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、筒形(xing)尊(zun)1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、爵杯(bei)2件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、壺(hu)1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、圈足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)盤1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、三足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)盤1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，此外還發(fa)現(xian)(xian)大(da)量的玉(yu)石器(qi)(qi)(qi)、骨器(qi)(qi)(qi)、龜(gui)甲(jia)、鹿(lu)角(jiao)、蚌器(qi)(qi)(qi)、貝等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。24件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)銅(tong)(tong)鼎(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)方(fang)鼎(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)2件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，一(yi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)四足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)圓(yuan)角(jiao)方(fang)鼎(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)，一(yi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)四足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)方(fang)角(jiao)方(fang)鼎(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)，腹足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)帶扉(fei)棱圓(yuan)鼎(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)8件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，其中(zhong)一(yi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)鼎(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)內(nei)(nei)壁銘(ming)(ming)“伯作(zuo)寶尊(zun)彝”，無扉(fei)棱柱足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)圓(yuan)鼎(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)12件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，扁足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)鼎(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)2件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。銅(tong)(tong)簋(gui)(gui)9件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，其中(zhong)方(fang)座簋(gui)(gui) 2件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，高(gao)圈足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)簋(gui)(gui)2件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，豎(shu)條紋(wen)簋(gui)(gui)1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，喇叭形(xing)圈足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)簋(gui)(gui)1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，內(nei)(nei)底(di)(di)(di)鑄(zhu)銘(ming)(ming)文“□父(fu)戊”，鼎(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)式簋(gui)(gui)1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，蓋、器(qi)(qi)(qi)內(nei)(nei)底(di)(di)(di)有(you)(you)(you)銘(ming)(ming)文“芮公舍霸(ba)馬(ma)兩(liang)(liang)玉(yu)金用鑄(zhu)簋(gui)(gui)”，乳(ru)釘紋(wen)簋(gui)(gui)1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，圈足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)三足(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)簋(gui)(gui)1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，蓋底(di)(di)(di)對銘(ming)(ming)“霸(ba)中(zhong)作(zuo)旅彝”，4件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)銅(tong)(tong)卣形(xing)制略(lve)同，從大(da)到小(xiao)(xiao)排列，前兩(liang)(liang)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)形(xing)制相同，后兩(liang)(liang)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)形(xing)制相同。其中(zhong)最大(da)的一(yi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)卣蓋內(nei)(nei)銘(ming)(ming)“燕(yan)侯旨(zhi)作(zuo)姑妹寶尊(zun)彝”，卣內(nei)(nei)置(zhi)酒(jiu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)套7件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。6件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)銅(tong)(tong)爵中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)(liang)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)銘(ming)(ming)“旨(zhi)作(zuo)父(fu)辛(xin)爵”。銅(tong)(tong)觶6件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，其中(zhong)一(yi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)蓋內(nei)(nei)銘(ming)(ming)“析父(fu)丁(ding)”。從隨葬(zang)兵器(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)判斷墓(mu)(mu)主為(wei)男性。

M2為一(yi)座(zuo)三鼎(ding)墓(mu)，土壙豎穴，東西向(xiang)，墓(mu)主頭向(xiang)西，墓(mu)口(kou)長(chang)3.51米(mi)、寬(kuan)(kuan)2.49米(mi)、墓(mu)底長(chang)4.2米(mi)、寬(kuan)(kuan)3.47米(mi)、自深8.2米(mi)，兩棺(guan)一(yi)槨，墓(mu)主為女性(xing)，仰身(shen)直肢。隨葬銅器有鼎(ding)3件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、簋1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、甗(yan)1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、盤(pan)1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、盉1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、盆1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、鐘(zhong)1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)等(deng)，陶器有鬲(li)1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、罐1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、三足甕(weng)1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、未(wei)燒結碎陶器7件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，玉石(shi)串飾(shi)7 件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、項(xiang)飾(shi)2件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、玉玦8件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、握玉2件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、柄形飾(shi)2組。另外還發現蚌(bang)器和貝等(deng)。在M2銅甗(yan)內壁(bi)發現有鑄銘“唯(wei)正(zheng)月初吉(ji)霸（□）伯作寶甗(yan)其(qi)永(yong)用(yong)”。

M1017墓口長5米、寬3.4米、自深10米，口小底(di)大(da)，墓主頭向西，有(you)(you)(you)腰坑(keng)。墓室(shi)內(nei)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)大(da)量青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)器(qi)、玉石器(qi)、錫器(qi)、蚌器(qi)、貝等(deng)，數十件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)容器(qi)置于墓主頭前(qian)棺槨之間，其余青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)器(qi)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)于棺槨之間或(huo)棺蓋(gai)上(shang)。青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)器(qi)種類有(you)(you)(you)食(shi)器(qi)、酒器(qi)、水器(qi)、樂器(qi)、兵(bing)器(qi)、工(gong)具、車馬(ma)器(qi)等(deng)，青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)食(shi)器(qi)中鼎(ding)(ding)簋(gui)數量較多，計有(you)(you)(you)方鼎(ding)(ding)5 件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、圓(yuan)鼎(ding)(ding)8件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、簋(gui)6件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、盨2件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、鬲1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、盆1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、豆(dou)4件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、甗1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、觚(gu)3件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、爵(jue)7件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、觶(zhi)2件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、尊3件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、卣3件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、罍1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、斝1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、斗1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、壺1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、盂1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、盤 1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、盉1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、甬(yong)鐘3件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)兵(bing)器(qi)戈(ge)、矛、鏃多件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，工(gong)具有(you)(you)(you)鑿、刀等(deng)，金柄形器(qi)1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，錫器(qi)6件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，二層臺上(shang)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)陶鬲1件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。在青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)盂、簋(gui)、豆(dou)等(deng)器(qi)內(nei)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)銘文，其中銅(tong)(tong)豆(dou)蓋(gai)內(nei)銘“霸伯作大(da)寶(bao)尊彝(yi)其孫孫子子萬年(nian)永用(yong)”。此(ci)墓已整體搬遷至室(shi)內(nei)進行(xing)發(fa)(fa)掘(jue)。

M2002墓口(kou)長2.75米、寬1.68米、墓底長3.83米、寬2.83米、自深9.91米，口(kou)小底大(da)，墓主頭(tou)向西，腰(yao)坑內殉狗1只，一棺(guan)一槨，墓主仰身直肢，為男性。隨葬銅(tong)(tong)鼎3件、簋(gui)3件、鬲(li)2件、甗1件、盤1件、鳥尊形盉1件，及大(da)量的青銅(tong)(tong)兵器(qi)、車馬器(qi)和工具等(deng)，還發(fa)現陶鬲(li)1件及鉛(qian)、玉、石、骨、蚌、貝等(deng)器(qi)物。其中出土(tu)的瓦棱紋(wen)扁腹圈足雙(shuang)耳銅(tong)(tong)簋(gui)的蓋、內底鑄(zhu)有銘(ming)文4行(xing)(xing)近30字，鳥尊形盉蓋內鑄(zhu)銘(ming)文8行(xing)(xing)約50字。

M1034墓(mu)口(kou)長3米、寬1.61米、墓(mu)底(di)長3.15米、寬1.86米、自深4.43米，口(kou)小底(di)大，墓(mu)主頭(tou)向西，腰坑內殉狗1只，一(yi)棺一(yi)槨(guo)，墓(mu)主仰身直肢(zhi)，雙手置于(yu)髖骨位置，為男性(xing)。隨葬銅(tong)鼎3件(jian)(jian)、銅(tong)簋(gui)2件(jian)(jian)，及(ji)大量的青銅(tong)兵器(qi)(qi)、車馬(ma)器(qi)(qi)、漆器(qi)(qi)、蚌器(qi)(qi)和貝等。

出土文物

“霸(ba)”國出(chu)現(xian)填補空白

在試掘階(jie)段，考古隊就發現這是一個諸(zhu)侯國君(jun)級別(bie)的(de)墓——墓葬(zang)二層(ceng)臺四(si)壁有11個壁龕，壁龕內放置漆(qi)木器(qi)、原(yuan)始瓷器(qi)、陶器(qi)等物。

從出土的青銅器上面(mian)的銘文(wen)確證，大河口墓地墓主(zhu)的國(guo)(guo)族(zu)名(ming)為(wei) “霸(ba)(ba)”，“霸(ba)(ba)伯”是這里的最高權力(li)擁有者。“霸(ba)(ba)”國(guo)(guo)的商、周文(wen)化(hua)因素都比較明顯，并具有自身獨特的文(wen)化(hua)風格。其(qi)人群應為(wei)狄人系(xi)統(tong)的一支，是被中原商周文(wen)化(hua)同化(hua)的狄人人群。相繼的考古發現，“霸(ba)(ba)”國(guo)(guo)和周王室以及(ji)晉國(guo)(guo)、倗國(guo)(guo)、燕國(guo)(guo)等國(guo)(guo)關系(xi)密切。

“霸(ba)(ba)”國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)與(yu)晉(jin)(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)相(xiang)鄰。從墓(mu)(mu)地(di)規(gui)模及隨葬品推測，“霸(ba)(ba)”國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)應比晉(jin)(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)低一個檔次，屬于小國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。在(zai)君(jun)主(zhu)稱謂方面，晉(jin)(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的君(jun)主(zhu)被封為(wei)晉(jin)(jin)(jin)侯，而“霸(ba)(ba)”國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的君(jun)主(zhu)則被稱為(wei)霸(ba)(ba)伯(bo)。此外，兩國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的墓(mu)(mu)葬規(gui)模也(ye)相(xiang)距(ju)甚(shen)遠，晉(jin)(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)曲村(cun)墓(mu)(mu)地(di)的墓(mu)(mu)葬多(duo)達20000多(duo)座，而“霸(ba)(ba)”國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)大(da)河口墓(mu)(mu)地(di)的墓(mu)(mu)葬僅有1500座左右，從這里也(ye)可反映(ying)出兩國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)都人口規(gui)模的差距(ju)。

中(zhong)國(guo)社會科(ke)學(xue)院考(kao)古所所長(chang)王巍(wei)認(ren)為，大河(he)口(kou)西周(zhou)墓地的發現揭(jie)示了不見于歷史(shi)文(wen)獻(xian)記載(zai)的西周(zhou)“霸”國(guo)的歷史(shi)及文(wen)化，并(bing)為研究西周(zhou)時期的分(fen)封制(zhi)度(du)、器(qi)用制(zhi)度(du)和族群融合等(deng)問題提供了寶貴的實(shi)物資料，填補(bu)了中(zhong)國(guo)對西周(zhou)時期考(kao)古研究的一項空(kong)白。

稀有漆木(mu)俑保留完(wan)好

墓(mu)葬二層臺(tai)四(si)壁(bi)有11個壁(bi)龕(kan)，一(yi)(yi)座墓(mu)葬內(nei)發現如此多的壁(bi)龕(kan)在西(xi)周(zhou)考古上還是(shi)第一(yi)(yi)次，墓(mu)內(nei)隨(sui)葬漆(qi)木俑(yong)可(ke)能是(shi)目前中(zhong)原地區出(chu)土最早的實物資料。

考(kao)古(gu)(gu)隊在(zai)發(fa)(fa)掘(jue)墓葬的填(tian)土(tu)工作中，在(zai)東邊二層臺上(shang)意(yi)外發(fa)(fa)掘(jue)出了重要寶物：兩個一(yi)米多高的漆(qi)(qi)(qi)木(mu)(mu)俑雙足站(zhan)立于漆(qi)(qi)(qi)木(mu)(mu)龜上(shang)，雙手作持物狀，兩俑前面(mian)及側(ce)面(mian)放置漆(qi)(qi)(qi)木(mu)(mu)器，這在(zai)中原(yuan)地(di)區西周墓葬內也是首見。考(kao)古(gu)(gu)學家介(jie)紹，漆(qi)(qi)(qi)木(mu)(mu)器在(zai)兩種環(huan)境下易于保存：一(yi)是十(shi)分濕(shi)潤的環(huan)境，二是十(shi)分干燥的環(huan)境。在(zai)黃土(tu)高原(yuan)忽干忽濕(shi)的環(huan)境里，兩個漆(qi)(qi)(qi)木(mu)(mu)俑經數千年(nian)還能較為完好(hao)地(di)保留下來，彌(mi)足珍(zhen)貴(gui)。

山西(xi)省考古(gu)(gu)所副(fu)所長謝堯亭介紹，中華文化的一個(ge)顯著特征(zheng)是禮制。古(gu)(gu)人(ren)朝(chao)會、狩獵(lie)、宴享、訓練(lian)軍隊等活動(dong)都強調‘秩序’。故(gu)而推(tui)測這兩(liang)個(ge)漆木俑(yong)與禮制和宗教有關(guan)系(xi)。

考古(gu)專(zhuan)家歷經兩年，清理出大(da)量的漆(qi)(qi)木器(qi)遺(yi)存，包括漆(qi)(qi)木俑、俎(zu)、罍、豆(dou)、壺(hu)、犧尊、坐屏(ping)、杯、案、盾牌(pai)、方(fang)彝等種類。

鳥盉

大河口西周墓葬還發掘出一個青銅鳥形器物，經鑒定是鳥盉（hé）。這件器(qi)(qi)物被視為大河口(kou)西周墓葬銅器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)的瑰寶，它為中(zhong)國(guo)青(qing)銅器(qi)(qi)發展史提供了一(yi)件新的器(qi)(qi)形。

在(zai)此件鳥(niao)(niao)形(xing)器物出土之前，發(fa)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)鳥(niao)(niao)尊大多(duo)屬于酒器，簡(jian)單地(di)說，就是一種鳥(niao)(niao)形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)盛(sheng)酒器，用(yong)來(lai)在(zai)各(ge)類祭祀活動中(zhong)盛(sheng)裝不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)酒。距此二(er)三十公里(li)的(de)(de)(de)北趙晉(jin)侯(hou)墓(mu)地(di)就發(fa)現(xian)了鳥(niao)(niao)尊，被(bei)收藏在(zai)山(shan)西(xi)省博物院，是其“鎮(zhen)院之寶”。此次發(fa)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)青銅鳥(niao)(niao)形(xing)器物與北趙晉(jin)侯(hou)墓(mu)地(di)發(fa)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)鳥(niao)(niao)尊有(you)所不同(tong)，腹部(bu)沒有(you)管狀流。專(zhuan)家(jia)認為(wei)，大河口(kou)這(zhe)件鳥(niao)(niao)形(xing)器物不是尊，而是盉。

謝堯亭介紹，商(shang)周時期，盉多是(shi)一種(zhong)注水的(de)水器(qi)。按照(zhao)商(shang)周貴族禮儀，在祭祀、宴飲、典禮過程中，參與者(zhe)要洗(xi)手(shou)盥洗(xi)。

侍者用盉將水(shui)倒出。在既往的(de)考古發現(xian)和(he)傳(chuan)世器(qi)物中都未曾見過像大河口墓葬中這樣的(de)鳥形盉。

鳥形盉的出現也意外(wai)糾正了一個錯誤：山西省(sheng)博物院(yuan)收藏的鳥尊在(zai)發掘時(shi)尾(wei)巴已斷，上海博物院(yuan)將尾(wei)巴修復為朝里(li)卷(juan)。此次發現的鳥形盉十分完整，它清晰地顯示，鳥的尾(wei)巴是朝外(wai)卷(juan)的。

墓地價值

大河口西周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)墓(mu)地(di)這一考(kao)古(gu)項目(mu)受到業內(nei)專家的(de)(de)高度肯(ken)定(ding)。來自(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)社會科學院(yuan)考(kao)古(gu)所(suo)所(suo)長王巍就在(zai)會上表示(shi)，該墓(mu)地(di)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)西周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)封國(guo)(guo)墓(mu)地(di)考(kao)古(gu)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)重要收獲。青銅(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)銘文(wen)(wen)顯(xian)示(shi)，“霸(ba)”是(shi)(shi)這處墓(mu)地(di)墓(mu)主的(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)族名，“霸(ba)伯(bo)”是(shi)(shi)其最高權力(li)擁有(you)者，“霸(ba)”器(qi)(qi)(qi)曾(ceng)(ceng)見(jian)于以(yi)往(wang)的(de)(de)青銅(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)著(zhu)錄，在(zai)《殷周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)金文(wen)(wen)集成(cheng)》中(zhong)(zhong)著(zhu)錄有(you)“霸(ba)姞作(zuo)寶尊彝(yi)”鼎簋，曲村墓(mu)地(di)M6197也(ye)曾(ceng)(ceng)出土過一件“霸(ba)伯(bo)作(zuo)寶尊彝(yi)”銅(tong)(tong)簋。雖然(ran)“霸(ba)”是(shi)(shi)國(guo)(guo)名，但不(bu)見(jian)于傳(chuan)世(shi)的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)獻記載，墓(mu)地(di)的(de)(de)面積和墓(mu)葬(zang)埋藏數量顯(xian)示(shi)，當時(shi)大河口人群規模不(bu)大，推測其所(suo)居城邑和所(suo)轄區域也(ye)不(bu)會很大。可是(shi)(shi)銘文(wen)(wen)上又顯(xian)示(shi)它與晉、燕等國(guo)(guo)和周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)王朝(chao)都有(you)往(wang)來關系，從(cong)埋葬(zang)習俗(su)看，大河口墓(mu)地(di)的(de)(de)頭向(xiang)、腰坑(keng)(keng)、殉狗、斜洞(dong)、使用日(ri)名等習俗(su)與絳(jiang)縣橫水墓(mu)地(di)相似；車馬坑(keng)(keng)的(de)(de)布(bu)局、無(wu)俯身葬(zang)、無(wu)殉人等現象又與天(tian)馬—曲村墓(mu)地(di)有(you)共(gong)同之(zhi)處；陶(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)組合和青銅(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)風(feng)格又具有(you)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)特征，商、周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)因素都比較明顯(xian)，自(zi)身文(wen)(wen)化(hua)特色(se)獨(du)具。墓(mu)葬(zang)時(shi)代橫貫西周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)，晚(wan)期進(jin)入春秋初年(nian)，其墓(mu)主人群應(ying)為狄人系統的(de)(de)一支，是(shi)(shi)被(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)原商周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)同化(hua)的(de)(de)狄人人群，文(wen)(wen)化(hua)面貌(mao)顯(xian)示(shi)其人群相對單純。大河口西周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)墓(mu)地(di)的(de)(de)發(fa)現為研究西周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)時(shi)期的(de)(de)分封制度、器(qi)(qi)(qi)用制度和族群融合等歷史(shi)和考(kao)古(gu)問(wen)題等具有(you)重要意義。

中(zhong)新網(wang)太原6月9日電(胡健(jian))記者(zhe)9日傍晚從山西省考(kao)古研究所獲悉，山西翼城(cheng)縣大河口西周墓地成功入選(xuan)2010年度中(zhong)國十大考(kao)古新發現。

山西(xi)翼城縣大河口西(xi)周墓(mu)地是新發(fa)現的(de)(de)一處西(xi)周封(feng)國墓(mu)地，發(fa)現的(de)(de)眾(zhong)多青銅器銘(ming)文(wen)中的(de)(de)“霸(ba)伯(bo)”是這里的(de)(de)最高權力(li)擁(yong)有者。

“霸”是(shi)其國(guo)名(ming)，“霸”國(guo)未(wei)見于傳世的(de)文(wen)獻記載，山西(xi)省考古研究所副所長謝堯(yao)亭在報告中指出。銘文(wen)資料(liao)顯(xian)示(shi)，“霸”與晉、北燕、芮等(deng)國(guo)曾有往來。在大河口墓(mu)地，商、周(zhou)(zhou)文(wen)化因素都比較(jiao)明(ming)顯(xian)，自身特色也很鮮明(ming)，墓(mu)葬時代橫貫西(xi)周(zhou)(zhou)，晚期已(yi)進(jin)入春秋初年(nian)。大河口墓(mu)地的(de)發現為研究西(xi)周(zhou)(zhou)分封(feng)制度和西(xi)周(zhou)(zhou)史(shi)提供了重要資料(liao)，對探討(tao)諸(zhu)侯(hou)制度具有重要意義。

2007年(nian)5月(yue)，大河口墓地因(yin)被盜被發現，同年(nian)9月(yue)至(zhi)次(ci)年(nian)5月(yue)進行了考(kao)古(gu)勘探(tan)和試掘(jue)，2008年(nian)9月(yue)至(zhi)12月(yue)進行了全面(mian)普探(tan)，2009年(nian)5月(yue)至(zhi)2011年(nian)5月(yue)進行了大規模搶救性發掘(jue)。

大河(he)(he)(he)口墓地(di)(di)(di)位(wei)于山西(xi)省南部翼城(cheng)(cheng)縣城(cheng)(cheng)以東約6公里(li)處(chu)(chu)，墓地(di)(di)(di)四周(zhou)除了(le)西(xi)北部與(yu)西(xi)側(ce)臺地(di)(di)(di)相接外皆為(wei)溝壑(he)，澮河(he)(he)(he)干流和支流分別縈(ying)繞其西(xi)、南兩側(ce)流過，地(di)(di)(di)勢為(wei)北高南低的向陽緩坡地(di)(di)(di)，北方為(wei)太岳(yue)山余脈(mo)(mo)二峰山，東、南方為(wei)太行山余脈(mo)(mo)翔(xiang)山，西(xi)部為(wei)凸起的丘陵山地(di)(di)(di)，西(xi)南為(wei)澮河(he)(he)(he)沖(chong)積谷地(di)(di)(di)。在墓地(di)(di)(di)周(zhou)圍發現了(le)幾處(chu)(chu)不同時期的遺址，其中西(xi)周(zhou)遺址位(wei)于墓地(di)(di)(di)西(xi)南約0.5公里(li)處(chu)(chu)。墓地(di)(di)(di)分布面積約4萬余平方米(mi)，埋藏西(xi)周(zhou)墓葬約1500余座(zuo)。

此次“2010年度全國(guo)十(shi)大考古(gu)新發現”由國(guo)家(jia)文(wen)物(wu)局主辦(ban)，自2010年11月底啟(qi)動(dong)，從(cong)2010年1月1日～12月31日期間在(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)境內(nei)進行(xing)發掘的(de)合法(fa)考古(gu)項目(mu)中(zhong)遴(lin)選出(chu)56個(ge)(ge)候選項目(mu)進入初評(ping)。初評(ping)由國(guo)家(jia)文(wen)物(wu)局考古(gu)專家(jia)組成員、中(zhong)國(guo)考古(gu)學(xue)會常(chang)務理事和理事、中(zhong)國(guo)65 家(jia)考古(gu)發掘資質單位共同參與(yu)投票，最終，有25個(ge)(ge)項目(mu)入圍。

此次2010年度中國十大(da)考古(gu)新發現(xian)的具(ju)體(ti)名單(dan)為：河南(nan)新鄭望(wang)京樓(lou)夏商時期城址(zhi)(zhi)、山(shan)東(dong)濟南(nan)大(da)辛(xin)莊(zhuang)商代遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)、山(shan)西翼城縣(xian)大(da)河口(kou)西周墓地、江蘇(su)蘇(su)州市木瀆古(gu)城遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)、陜(shan)西西安(an)鳳棲原西漢家族墓地、新疆鄯善吐(tu)峪溝(gou)石窟群和佛(fo)寺(si)(si)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)、陜(shan)西藍(lan)田北宋呂(lv)氏家族墓園、湖南(nan)永順老司城遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)、江蘇(su)南(nan)京大(da)報(bao)恩寺(si)(si)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)、廣東(dong)汕頭“南(nan)澳1號”明代沉船遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)。