龍王山遺址位于湖北省荊門市東寶區子陵鋪鎮南橋村與美滿村交界處,總面積約20萬平方米,為新石器時代大溪文化晚期的文化遺存。龍王山遺(yi)址(zhi)由主(zhu)遺(yi)址(zhi)區和(he)墓葬(zang)(zang)區組成(cheng),北部是居住區遺(yi)址(zhi),南部是墓葬(zang)(zang)區遺(yi)址(zhi),2007年已發掘墓葬(zang)(zang)203座(zuo)。
龍王山遺址于1998年成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)荊門(men)市第(di)二批(pi)重(zhong)點(dian)文物(wu)保(bao)護單位,2008年成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)湖北省(sheng)第(di)五批(pi)重(zhong)點(dian)文物(wu)保(bao)護單位。2013年,國務院公(gong)布為(wei)(wei)龍第(di)七(qi)批(pi)全(quan)國重(zhong)點(dian)文物(wu)保(bao)護單位。
龍王山(shan)遺址為(wei)新石器(qi)(qi)時代大(da)(da)溪文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)晚期的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)遺存,距(ju)今約5000年。墓(mu)(mu)地和居址保(bao)存較(jiao)(jiao)完(wan)整,且墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)顯示的(de)(de)社會分化(hua)(hua)情況(kuang)十分明顯,其墓(mu)(mu)地單(dan)墓(mu)(mu)出土(tu)器(qi)(qi)物(wu)之(zhi)多以及(ji)墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)形制之(zhi)特別(bie)在(zai)全國(guo)都很(hen)少見。從墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)隨葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)品的(de)(de)數量看(kan),僅M132中(zhong)就(jiu)出土(tu)器(qi)(qi)物(wu)260件,是長江中(zhong)游同(tong)時期單(dan)個墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)中(zhong)一次性(xing)出土(tu)器(qi)(qi)物(wu)較(jiao)(jiao)多的(de)(de)墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)。這批(pi)墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)隨葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)品的(de)(de)放置位置特別(bie),絕大(da)(da)多數墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)的(de)(de)隨葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)器(qi)(qi)物(wu)置于(yu)墓(mu)(mu)坑中(zhong)間,個別(bie)置于(yu)墓(mu)(mu)四周(zhou)。隨葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)器(qi)(qi)物(wu)有(you)鮮(xian)明的(de)(de)特征:大(da)(da)多數墓(mu)(mu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)隨葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)陶器(qi)(qi)為(wei)明器(qi)(qi),且同(tong)墓(mu)(mu)中(zhong)同(tong)類(lei)器(qi)(qi)數量大(da)(da),如在(zai)M10中(zhong),僅陶罐就(jiu)有(you)113件;出土(tu)有(you)精美的(de)(de)玉(yu)器(qi)(qi),1/10的(de)(de)墓(mu)(mu)中(zhong)隨葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)有(you)玉(yu)器(qi)(qi)。
龍王山遺(yi)址于1998年成為(wei)(wei)荊門市第(di)二批(pi)(pi)重(zhong)(zhong)點文物(wu)(wu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)單(dan)(dan)位(wei),2008年成為(wei)(wei)湖(hu)北省第(di)五批(pi)(pi)重(zhong)(zhong)點文物(wu)(wu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)。2013年,國務院(yuan)印發《關于核定并公布第(di)七批(pi)(pi)全國重(zhong)(zhong)點文物(wu)(wu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)的通知》,公布了龍王山遺(yi)址為(wei)(wei)第(di)七批(pi)(pi)全國重(zhong)(zhong)點文物(wu)(wu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)。