龍王山遺址位于湖北省荊門市東寶區子陵鋪鎮南橋村與美滿村交界處,總面積約20萬平方米,為新石器時代大溪文化晚期的文化遺存。龍(long)王山遺址由主遺址區和墓葬(zang)區組成(cheng),北(bei)部是居住(zhu)區遺址,南部是墓葬(zang)區遺址,2007年(nian)已發掘墓葬(zang)203座。
龍王山遺址于1998年成(cheng)為(wei)荊門市(shi)第二(er)批(pi)重(zhong)點文物(wu)保護(hu)(hu)單位(wei),2008年成(cheng)為(wei)湖北省第五批(pi)重(zhong)點文物(wu)保護(hu)(hu)單位(wei)。2013年,國(guo)務院公布為(wei)龍第七批(pi)全國(guo)重(zhong)點文物(wu)保護(hu)(hu)單位(wei)。
龍王山遺址為新石器(qi)時代大(da)溪文(wen)化晚期的(de)文(wen)化遺存,距(ju)今約5000年。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)地和居(ju)址保(bao)存較(jiao)完(wan)整,且墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)顯示的(de)社會(hui)分(fen)化情(qing)況(kuang)十(shi)分(fen)明顯,其墓(mu)(mu)(mu)地單墓(mu)(mu)(mu)出(chu)土(tu)器(qi)物(wu)(wu)之多(duo)以(yi)及(ji)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)形制(zhi)之特(te)別(bie)在全國(guo)都很少(shao)見。從墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)隨(sui)(sui)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)品(pin)的(de)數量(liang)看(kan),僅M132中(zhong)(zhong)就(jiu)出(chu)土(tu)器(qi)物(wu)(wu)260件,是長(chang)江中(zhong)(zhong)游同(tong)時期單個墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)中(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)次性出(chu)土(tu)器(qi)物(wu)(wu)較(jiao)多(duo)的(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)。這批墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)隨(sui)(sui)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)品(pin)的(de)放置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)特(te)別(bie),絕大(da)多(duo)數墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)的(de)隨(sui)(sui)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)器(qi)物(wu)(wu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于墓(mu)(mu)(mu)坑中(zhong)(zhong)間,個別(bie)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于墓(mu)(mu)(mu)四周。隨(sui)(sui)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)器(qi)物(wu)(wu)有(you)鮮明的(de)特(te)征:大(da)多(duo)數墓(mu)(mu)(mu)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)隨(sui)(sui)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)陶(tao)器(qi)為明器(qi),且同(tong)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)中(zhong)(zhong)同(tong)類器(qi)數量(liang)大(da),如(ru)在M10中(zhong)(zhong),僅陶(tao)罐就(jiu)有(you)113件;出(chu)土(tu)有(you)精(jing)美(mei)的(de)玉(yu)器(qi),1/10的(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)中(zhong)(zhong)隨(sui)(sui)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)有(you)玉(yu)器(qi)。
龍(long)王山(shan)遺址(zhi)(zhi)于1998年(nian)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)荊門市(shi)第二批重(zhong)點(dian)文物(wu)保護(hu)單(dan)位(wei),2008年(nian)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)湖(hu)北省(sheng)第五批重(zhong)點(dian)文物(wu)保護(hu)單(dan)位(wei)。2013年(nian),國(guo)務(wu)院印發(fa)《關于核定并公(gong)布第七批全(quan)國(guo)重(zhong)點(dian)文物(wu)保護(hu)單(dan)位(wei)的(de)通知》,公(gong)布了龍(long)王山(shan)遺址(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)第七批全(quan)國(guo)重(zhong)點(dian)文物(wu)保護(hu)單(dan)位(wei)。