迎(ying)客(ke)松屹(yi)立(li)在黃山風景(jing)區玉屏樓的青獅石旁,海拔1670米(mi)處。樹高(gao)9.91米(mi),胸圍2.05米(mi),枝(zhi)下高(gao)2.54米(mi)。樹干(gan)中(zhong)部伸出長(chang)達7.6米(mi)的兩(liang)大側枝(zhi)展向前(qian)方,恰似一位好客(ke)的主人,揮(hui)展雙臂,熱情(qing)地歡迎(ying)五湖四海的賓客(ke)來黃山游(you)覽。游(you)客(ke)到(dao)此(ci),頓(dun)時游(you)興(xing)倍增,紛(fen)紛(fen)攝(she)影(ying)留念,引(yin)以為幸。
游玩勝地
迎客(ke)(ke)松作為中國(guo)人(ren)(ren)民同(tong)世界人(ren)(ren)民友(you)(you)誼(yi)的(de)(de)象征,早已蜚聲中外(wai)。我國(guo)國(guo)家領導人(ren)(ren)曾在人(ren)(ren)民大會(hui)堂(tang)的(de)(de)巨幅“迎客(ke)(ke)松”國(guo)畫前,接見過無(wu)數(shu)友(you)(you)好使者,同(tong)世界各國(guo)人(ren)(ren)民結下了深厚的(de)(de)友(you)(you)誼(yi)。迎客(ke)(ke)松作為國(guo)之瑰寶,是(shi)當之無(wu)愧(kui)的(de)(de)。
迎客松(song)(song)是黃山(shan)松(song)(song)的譽稱(cheng),系松(song)(song)科松(song)(song)屬的常綠喬木(mu)。黃山(shan)、清涼峰自然保(bao)護區(qu)、牯牛降自然保(bao)護區(qu)以及與浙、贛交界山(shan)地,海拔600—700米以上地帶(dai)均有分布。黃山(shan)松(song)(song),其(qi)外形(xing)與我國華北、西(xi)北的油(you)松(song)(song)極為(wei)(wei)相似,故過(guo)去一直被當作(zuo)油(you)松(song)(song)。1936年我國植物學家們來(lai)這里(li)進行實地考察(cha)后(hou),經(jing)鑒定認(ren)為(wei)(wei),黃山(shan)松(song)(song)針葉短、微(wei)細,樹脂道的數量(liang)、位(wei)置與油(you)松(song)(song)截然不(bu)同,是一新種定名為(wei)(wei)黃山(shan)松(song)(song)(Pinus hwangshanensis)。1961年著名林學家鄭萬鈞等將黃山(shan)松(song)(song)與臺灣松(song)(song)合并為(wei)(wei)一種,改其(qi)學名為(wei)(wei)(Pinus taiwanensis),仍(reng)保(bao)留“黃山(shan)松(song)(song)”這一中名。
經濟價值
黃山松(song)還具有(you)較(jiao)高的(de)(de)經濟價值。據《徽(hui)州府(fu)志》記載,徽(hui)墨的(de)(de)宗師奚(xi)廷硅曾用黃山松(song)松(song)煙為原料,制(zhi)做出“豐肌膩理(li)、光輝如漆(qi)”,經久不褪,香味濃郁的(de)(de)佳墨。因此,深得南唐(tang)后(hou)主李煜的(de)(de)厚愛,并(bing)賜(si)給“國姓”,奚(xi)廷硅改稱李廷硅。黃山松(song)的(de)(de)材質較(jiao)馬尾(wei)松(song)為優(you),可供建(jian)筑、橋(qiao)梁、家具及木纖(xian)維工業的(de)(de)原料,并(bing)可采割松(song)脂。
相關介紹
黃山
黃山被譽為“天下第(di)一奇
山”的(de)黃山,以奇松、怪石、云(yun)海(hai)、溫泉、冬(dong)雪“五絕”聞名于世,而人(ren)們對黃山奇松,更是情有獨鐘。山頂上(shang),陡崖邊,處處都(dou)有它們瀟(xiao)灑、挺(ting)秀的(de)身影。
黃(huang)山(shan)最妙的(de)(de)觀松(song)(song)(song)(song)處(chu),當(dang)然(ran)(ran)是(shi)(shi)曾被徐霞客(ke)稱為“黃(huang)山(shan)絕(jue)勝處(chu)”的(de)(de)玉屏樓(lou)了。樓(lou)前懸崖上有(you)“迎(ying)客(ke)”、“陪(pei)客(ke)”、“送客(ke)”三大名松(song)(song)(song)(song)。迎(ying)客(ke)松(song)(song)(song)(song)姿態優(you)美,枝干遒勁,雖然(ran)(ran)飽經風(feng)霜,卻仍然(ran)(ran)郁郁蒼(cang)蒼(cang),充滿生機。它(ta)有(you)一叢青(qing)翠的(de)(de)枝干斜伸出(chu)去(qu),如同(tong)好(hao)客(ke)的(de)(de)主人(ren)伸出(chu)手臂,熱(re)情地歡迎(ying)賓(bin)客(ke)的(de)(de)到來。如今,這棵迎(ying)客(ke)松(song)(song)(song)(song)已經成為黃(huang)山(shan)奇松(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)代表(biao),乃至整個(ge)黃(huang)山(shan)的(de)(de)象(xiang)征了。陪(pei)客(ke)松(song)(song)(song)(song)正(zheng)對玉屏樓(lou),如同(tong)一個(ge)綠色的(de)(de)巨(ju)人(ren)站(zhan)在(zai)(zai)那兒,正(zheng)陪(pei)同(tong)游人(ren)觀賞美麗的(de)(de)黃(huang)山(shan)風(feng)光。送客(ke)松(song)(song)(song)(song)姿態獨(du)特(te),枝干蟠曲(qu),游人(ren)把它(ta)比作(zuo)“天然(ran)(ran)盆景”。它(ta)向山(shan)下伸出(chu)長長的(de)(de)“手臂”,好(hao)像在(zai)(zai)跟游客(ke)依(yi)依(yi)不舍地告別。迎(ying)客(ke)松(song)(song)(song)(song)是(shi)(shi)黃(huang)山(shan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)譽稱,系松(song)(song)(song)(song)科松(song)(song)(song)(song)屬的(de)(de)常綠喬(qiao)木。黃(huang)山(shan)、清涼峰自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保護區、牯牛降自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保護區以及(ji)與(yu)浙、贛交界山(shan)地,海拔600—700米以上地帶(dai)均有(you)分(fen)布(bu)。黃(huang)山(shan)松(song)(song)(song)(song),其外(wai)形與(yu)我國(guo)華(hua)北、西北的(de)(de)油松(song)(song)(song)(song)極為相似,故過去(qu)一直被當(dang)作(zuo)油松(song)(song)(song)(song)。
黃山(shan)(shan)(shan)延綿數(shu)百里(li),千(qian)峰(feng)萬壑,比比皆松。黃山(shan)(shan)(shan)松,它(ta)分布于海(hai)拔800米以上高山(shan)(shan)(shan),以石(shi)為母,頑強(qiang)地扎根(gen)于巨巖裂隙。黃山(shan)(shan)(shan)松針葉粗短,蒼翠濃密,干曲枝(zhi)虬,千(qian)姿(zi)百態。或倚岸挺拔,或獨立峰(feng)巔,或倒(dao)懸絕壁(bi),或冠平如蓋,或尖削似劍。有的循崖度壑,繞石(shi)而過;有的穿罅穴縫,破石(shi)而出。忽懸、忽橫、忽臥、忽起,“無樹(shu)非松,無石(shi)不(bu)松,無松不(bu)奇”。
黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)是由黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)獨特地貌(mao)、氣候而形成(cheng)的中(zhong)(zhong)國松(song)(song)(song)樹的一種變(bian)體。黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)一般生(sheng)長在(zai)(zai)海拔800米以上的地方,通常是黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)北(bei)坡在(zai)(zai)1500-1700米處,南(nan)坡在(zai)(zai)1000-1600米處。黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)的千姿百態(tai)和黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)自(zi)然環境有(you)(you)著很(hen)大的關(guan)系。黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)(song)的種子能(neng)夠被風(feng)送(song)到花(hua)崗巖(yan)的裂(lie)縫中(zhong)(zhong)去,以無堅不摧、有(you)(you)縫即入的鉆(zhan)勁,在(zai)(zai)那里發芽、生(sheng)根、成(cheng)長。黃(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)泥(ni)土稀少,但花(hua)崗巖(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)肉紅色(se)的長石中(zhong)(zhong)含有(you)(you)鉀,夏天雷雨后空氣中(zhong)(zhong)的氮氣變(bian)成(cheng)氮鹽,可以被巖(yan)層和泥(ni)土吸收,進而為(wei)松(song)(song)(song)樹的根系吸收;
黃山松
鳳凰松:其干低矮(ai),平分(fen)二(er)杈,一枝昂(ang)然斜伸,宛若鳳凰引頸(jing);一枝平展四射(she),恰似(si)鳳凰開屏。
蒲團松:其粗矮(ai)的主干頂端(duan),枝條團團鋪散,構成圓形(xing)的平頂樹冠,狀(zhuang)如蘑菇(gu),相傳僧人(ren)常在(zai)其頂打盤靜坐(zuo)。
雙龍松(song):二(er)干盤旋(xuan)虬曲于(yu)懸崖峭(qiao)壁之上(shang),形似二(er)龍嬉戲于(yu)云海松(song)濤之中。
連(lian)(lian)理(li)(li)(li)松:連(lian)(lian)理(li)(li)(li)松為黃山十大名松之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi),列入世界(jie)遺產名錄。位于自“黑虎松”去(qu)“始(shi)信(xin)峰”途中左(zuo)側。樹(shu)(shu)高(gao)20多(duo)米,在(zai)離(li)地2米處樹(shu)(shu)分兩干(gan),并蒂(di)齊肩,其粗細、高(gao)低幾乎一(yi)模(mo)一(yi)樣(yang)。因為人們(men)常(chang)以連(lian)(lian)理(li)(li)(li)比喻夫妻,所以附于此樹(shu)(shu)的(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)也是愛(ai)恨纏綿的(de)唐明皇與楊貴妃(fei)的(de)故事(shi)。相傳(chuan)(chuan)二(er)人曾(ceng)于七夕(xi)明誓(shi),百年之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)同去(qu)黃山,修身養性再結(jie)連(lian)(lian)理(li)(li)(li)。死后(hou)二(er)人果然同游黃山,并留戀此地美景而(er)化身為連(lian)(lian)理(li)(li)(li)松。所以攜手同游的(de)戀人經由此樹(shu)(shu),都要在(zai)這里留影,讓古樹(shu)(shu)為幸(xing)福愛(ai)情作證。
還有臥龍松(song)、倒(dao)掛(gua)松(song)、麒麟(lin)松(song)等等。
它(ta)們千姿百態,造型古雅奇(qi)特,猶如顆(ke)顆(ke)瑰麗(li)的(de)翠玉,鑲嵌在秀麗(li)的(de)群(qun)峰之中,給黃(huang)山增添了(le)無(wu)窮的(de)詩情畫意。舉世聞名的(de)迎客松(song)可算是這些奇(qi)松(song)中的(de)佼佼者了(le)。它(ta)蒼勁(jing)奇(qi)秀,俊俏多姿,雍(yong)容瀟灑(sa)美(mei)不勝收。
松樹
松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)的(de)(de)(de)根(gen)系(xi)不斷分(fen)(fen)泌一種有機酸,能(neng)慢(man)慢(man)溶解巖(yan)(yan)石(shi),把巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)中的(de)(de)(de)礦物鹽類分(fen)(fen)解出來為己所用;花草、樹(shu)葉(xie)等植物腐(fu)爛后,也(ye)分(fen)(fen)解成肥料;這樣黃(huang)(huang)山松(song)(song)(song)便在貧瘠的(de)(de)(de)巖(yan)(yan)縫中也(ye)能(neng)存(cun)活(huo)、成長(chang)(chang)(chang)。地(di)勢崎嶇不平,懸崖(ya)峭壁縱橫堆疊(die),黃(huang)(huang)山松(song)(song)(song)無法垂直生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang),只能(neng)彎彎曲曲地(di)甚至朝下生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)。由于(yu)(yu)要抗暴(bao)風御冰霜,黃(huang)(huang)山松(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)(de)針葉(xie)短粗(cu),冠平如削,色綠(lv)深(shen)沉,樹(shu)干和(he)樹(shu)枝(zhi)也(ye)極堅韌,極富彈性。黃(huang)(huang)山松(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)(de)另(ling)一特(te)點是,由于(yu)(yu)風吹日曬(shai),許多松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)只在一邊長(chang)(chang)(chang)出樹(shu)枝(zhi)。黃(huang)(huang)山松(song)(song)(song)姿態堅韌傲然(ran),美麗奇特(te),但生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)十分(fen)(fen)艱苦,因(yin)而生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)速度異常(chang)緩慢(man),一棵(ke)高不盈丈的(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)山松(song)(song)(song),往往樹(shu)齡上百年,甚至數百年;根(gen)部(bu)常(chang)常(chang)比樹(shu)干長(chang)(chang)(chang)幾(ji)倍、幾(ji)十倍,由于(yu)(yu)根(gen)部(bu)很深(shen),黃(huang)(huang)山松(song)(song)(song)能(neng)堅強地(di)立(li)于(yu)(yu)巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)之上,雖歷風霜雨霜卻依然(ran)永葆青春。
十大名松
最(zui)著(zhu)名的(de)黃山(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)有:迎客(ke)松(song)(song)(位于(yu)玉屏樓的(de)石獅前面),送客(ke)松(song)(song)(位于(yu)玉屏樓的(de)右邊(bian)),蒲團松(song)(song)(位于(yu)蓮(lian)花溪谷(gu)),鳳(feng)凰松(song)(song)(位于(yu)天(tian)海),棋盤松(song)(song)(位于(yu)平田石橋),接引松(song)(song)(位于(yu)始(shi)信峰),麒麟松(song)(song)(位于(yu)北海賓(bin)館(guan)和(he)(he)清(qing)涼臺(tai)之間),黑虎松(song)(song)(位于(yu)北海賓(bin)館(guan)和(he)(he)始(shi)信峰之間),探(tan)海松(song)(song)或叫舞松(song)(song)(位于(yu)天(tian)都峰的(de)鯽魚背旁邊(bian))──這就(jiu)是黃山(shan)(shan)的(de)十大名松(song)(song)。過去(qu)還曾(ceng)有人編(bian)了《名松(song)(song)譜》,收錄了許(xu)多黃山(shan)(shan)松(song)(song),可(ke)以數出名字的(de)松(song)(song)樹成(cheng)百(bai)上(shang)千,每棵(ke)都獨具美麗(li)、優雅的(de)風(feng)格。