臥(wo)龍(long)地(di)區位(wei)于龍(long)門山(shan)中(zhong)南段,邛(qiong)崍(lai)山(shan)的(de)(de)(de)東(dong)南坡,為(wei)四(si)川盆地(di)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)川西(xi)(xi)高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)過渡地(di)帶(dai)(dai)(dai),其地(di)貌形態(tai)以高(gao)(gao)山(shan)深谷為(wei)主。區內最高(gao)(gao)峰四(si)姑(gu)娘山(shan)是邛(qiong)崍(lai)山(shan)的(de)(de)(de)主峰,海拔高(gao)(gao)度6250米(mi)。以四(si)姑(gu)娘山(shan)-巴朗山(shan)為(wei)界(jie),以東(dong)為(wei)四(si)川盆地(di)邊緣(yuan)山(shan)地(di),以西(xi)(xi)進入川西(xi)(xi)高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)。臥(wo)龍(long)地(di)區大(da)地(di)構造上屬于龍(long)門山(shan)褶斷帶(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)南段,由一(yi)系列(lie)北(bei)(bei)東(dong)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)平行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)褶曲和(he)(he)斷裂組(zu)成。構造帶(dai)(dai)(dai)總體方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)為(wei)北(bei)(bei)40-50度東(dong)。褶曲均為(wei)緊密的(de)(de)(de)倒轉(zhuan)腹(fu)背(bei)斜、腹(fu)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)斜,自西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)東(dong)南有:總棚子倒轉(zhuan)復(fu)(fu)背(bei)斜、三(san)道卡子倒轉(zhuan)復(fu)(fu)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)斜、牛頭山(shan)倒轉(zhuan)復(fu)(fu)背(bei)斜、銅(tong)槽倒轉(zhuan)復(fu)(fu)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)斜,這些褶曲軸面(mian)走向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)為(wei)北(bei)(bei)30-60度東(dong),軸面(mian)傾(qing)(qing)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)在(zai)不(bu)同地(di)段變化(hua)(hua)很(hen)大(da),忽(hu)而(er)傾(qing)(qing)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei),忽(hu)而(er)傾(qing)(qing)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)東(dong)南,呈(cheng)一(yi)彎曲的(de)(de)(de)扭曲面(mian),傾(qing)(qing)角40-60度不(bu)等。腹(fu)背(bei)斜和(he)(he)腹(fu)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)斜的(de)(de)(de)兩翼(yi)均被次一(yi)級同向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)傾(qing)(qing)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)背(bei)斜和(he)(he)小(xiao)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)斜復(fu)(fu)雜(za)化(hua)(hua)。
保護對象
植物
物種(zhong)多(duo)樣性(xing):臥龍自(zi)然保護區曾與(yu)四川(chuan)省南(nan)充(chong)師范學院生物系合作(zuo)考察、收集植(zhi)(zhi)物標本達5000多(duo)號、20000多(duo)份,還鑒定出植(zhi)(zhi)物種(zhong)類數近4000種(zhong);發現新種(zhong)和變種(zhong)10個,記(ji)錄在案的高(gao)等(deng)植(zhi)(zhi)物有217科、814屬(shu)、1989種(zhong),其中(zhong),苔蘚植(zhi)(zhi)物174種(zhong),約(yue)(yue)占四川(chuan)種(zhong)數的8.29%,蕨類植(zhi)(zhi)物191種(zhong),約(yue)(yue)占全(quan)(quan)國種(zhong)類數的8.3%,四川(chuan)種(zhong)數的20.0%,被子植(zhi)(zhi)物1604種(zhong),約(yue)(yue)占全(quan)(quan)國種(zhong)數約(yue)(yue)6.6%,四川(chuan)種(zhong)數的18.98%。
珍稀瀕(bin)(bin)危植(zhi)物:臥龍自然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護區內(nei)有(you)(you)國(guo)家重點保(bao)(bao)護的(de)珍稀瀕(bin)(bin)危植(zhi)物245種,其中屬國(guo)家一級保(bao)(bao)護有(you)(you)珙(gong)桐(tong)(Davidia involucrata Baillon)水杉(shan)(Metasequ oia glyptostroboides Cheng),二級保(bao)(bao)護的(de)有(you)(you)伯樂樹(shu)(Bretschneidera sinensis)連香(xiang)樹(shu)(Cercidiphyllum japonicum)光(guang)葉(xie)珙(gong)桐(tong)(Davidiainvolucrata var. vilmoriniana)香(xiang)果樹(shu)(Emmenopterys henryi)杜仲(Eucommia ulmoides)銀杏(xing)(Ginkgo biloba)胡桃(Juglans sp.)四川紅杉(shan)(Larix mas tersiana)水青樹(shu)(Tetracentron sinense),三級保(bao)(bao)護的(de)有(you)(you):黃蓍(Astrgal us menbranaceus)黃連(Coptis chinensis)金線(xian)槭(Dipteronia sinensis)八(ba)角(jiao)蓮(Dysosm a versipellis)領(ling)春木(mu)(Euptelea pleiospermum)天麻(Gastrodia elata)厚樸(Magnolia officinalis)扇蕨(Meocheiropteris palmatopedata)黃薜(Phelloclendron amurense)垂枝云杉(shan)(Picea brachytyla)筇(qiong)竹(Qiongzhuea tumidinoda)大葉(xie)柳(Salix magnifica)延齡草(Trillium tschonoskii)。
(3)資源植(zhi)物(wu)(wu):臥(wo)龍(long)(long)自然保護區森林茂密,木材(cai)蓄積(ji)量近(jin)兩(liang)千(qian)萬立方米,有藥(yao)用植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)870種(zhong),是四(si)川藥(yao)材(cai)的重(zhong)要(yao)產區,天(tian)麻、貝母、水母雪蓮、黃芪等(deng)名貴藥(yao)材(cai)產量豐富。有油脂類(lei)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)80種(zhong),淀(dian)粉及(ji)糖類(lei)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)42種(zhong),纖維類(lei)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)60種(zhong),單寧(ning)類(lei)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)42種(zhong),芳香類(lei)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)28種(zhong),此外,臥(wo)龍(long)(long)還出產大量的可食菌類(lei)、蕨苔(tai),構成(cheng)山珍野(ye)味的一部(bu)分。
動物
物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多樣性(xing):臥龍自然(ran)保護區曾與西華師范(fan)大學生物(wu)系珍稀(xi)動(dong)植物(wu)研究(jiu)所(suo)合作(zuo)考(kao)察,記錄在案(an)的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)物(wu)有2200種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)左右(you),其中昆(kun)蟲(chong)約1700多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),脊椎動(dong)物(wu)437種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有獸(shou)類(lei)(lei)7目23科(ke)109種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)或亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占(zhan)四川種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)50%;鳥類(lei)(lei)13目43科(ke)281種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)3亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占(zhan)四川種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)52%;爬(pa)行類(lei)(lei)1目5科(ke)21種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);兩(liang)棲(qi)類(lei)(lei)有2目5科(ke)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);魚類(lei)(lei)有3目5科(ke)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
珍稀瀕危(wei)動物(wu):臥龍自然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)由于特殊的自然環境與地(di)理位置,保(bao)(bao)存了(le)不少古老子遺動物(wu),是我國大熊貓(mao)的主(zhu)要分布區(qu),大熊貓(mao)的數量約占全國總數的10%,列為國家(jia)重(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)的珍稀瀕危(wei)的高等動物(wu)有(you)(you)57種(zhong)(zhong),其中一(yi)級(ji)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)的有(you)(you)大熊貓(mao)(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)金絲猴(Rhinopithecus roxellanae)等13種(zhong)(zhong)。二級(ji)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)的有(you)(you)獼猴、藏酋猴等44種(zhong)(zhong)。
發展規劃
臥(wo)龍(long)(long)自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區始建(jian)于1963年(nian),面(mian)積(ji)2萬公頃,是中國(guo)(guo)最早(zao)建(jian)立(li)的綜(zong)合(he)(he)性(xing)國(guo)(guo)家級保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區之一(yi)。1974年(nian)3月面(mian)積(ji)擴大(da)到20 萬公頃。1980年(nian)加入聯合(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)教科文組織“人與(yu)生物圈(quan)”保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區網,并與(yu)世界野生生物基(ji)金會合(he)(he)作建(jian)立(li)中國(guo)(guo)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)大(da)熊貓研究中 心。1983年(nian)7月,省政(zheng)府,原林(lin)業部聯合(he)(he)作出了將四川省汶(wen)(wen)川縣(xian)臥(wo)龍(long)(long)特別行政(zheng)區改為四川省汶(wen)(wen)川臥(wo)龍(long)(long)特別行政(zheng)區的決定,與(yu)臥(wo)龍(long)(long)自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區管(guan)理(li)局合(he)(he)署(shu)辦公的綜(zong)合(he)(he)管(guan)理(li)體制。
國家和四川省(sheng)命(ming)名臥龍自然保護(hu)區為(wei)“科普(pu)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)基地”“愛(ai)國主義教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)基地”。
多(duo)年(nian)來,臥(wo)龍自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護區著(zhu)眼于建(jian)設(she)(she)一流的國(guo)家自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護區目標,堅持保(bao)(bao)護和(he)合理利用的方針,特別是大熊(xiong)貓(mao)的研究取得(de)了(le)突破性(xing)進(jin)展,1990年(nian)至(zhi)2001年(nian)已成(cheng)功地人工(gong)繁(fan)殖大熊(xiong)貓(mao)34胎,51仔、成(cheng)活42仔,現已同山東魯能(neng)信誼旅游(you)集(ji)團簽訂開發(fa)協議,力爭實現2005年(nian)前建(jian)成(cheng)大熊(xiong)貓(mao)生態旅游(you)勝利的目標。在2012年(nian)當時,區內經濟得(de)到(dao)有效發(fa)展,人民生活水平顯著(zhu)提(ti)高。基礎(chu)設(she)(she)施建(jian)設(she)(she)發(fa)生根本性(xing)改(gai)善,保(bao)(bao)護區的建(jian)設(she)(she)和(he)發(fa)展向符合中國(guo)國(guo)情的良性(xing)循環(huan)方向發(fa)展。
設計理念
臥(wo)龍(long)自然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)“中(zhong)華大(da)(da)熊(xiong)(xiong)貓(mao)(mao)園”的(de)(de)規劃(hua)設(she)計,把(ba)生(sheng)態(tai)資源、研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)實(shi)踐、拓展(zhan)建設(she)、長遠(yuan)發展(zhan)結合起來(lai),把(ba)就地(di)取材、因勢利導(dao)、順(shun)應(ying)自然與生(sheng)態(tai)建設(she)結合起來(lai)。通過大(da)(da)熊(xiong)(xiong)貓(mao)(mao)野(ye)化(hua)馴養區(qu)(qu)、大(da)(da)熊(xiong)(xiong)貓(mao)(mao)產仔(zi)區(qu)(qu)、大(da)(da)熊(xiong)(xiong)貓(mao)(mao)野(ye)外放歸(gui)(gui)(gui)過渡區(qu)(qu)、大(da)(da)熊(xiong)(xiong)貓(mao)(mao)野(ye)外放歸(gui)(gui)(gui)試驗區(qu)(qu)等互動一體(ti)的(de)(de)功能(neng)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)規劃(hua)設(she)計,成功的(de)(de)完成了“保(bao)護(hu)是前(qian)提(ti),研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)為中(zhong)心,放歸(gui)(gui)(gui)是目(mu)的(de)(de)”的(de)(de)指導(dao)思想。為提(ti)供更(geng)多更(geng)優化(hua)更(geng)合乎自然的(de)(de)物種研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)大(da)(da)熊(xiong)(xiong)貓(mao)(mao)創(chuang)造了更(geng)優秀的(de)(de)條件(jian),使臥(wo)龍(long)名符其實(shi)成為世(shi)界上最生(sheng)態(tai)、最優秀、最先(xian)進、最前(qian)衛的(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)、研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)大(da)(da)熊(xiong)(xiong)貓(mao)(mao)的(de)(de)中(zhong)心,進一步得(de)到黨和國家的(de)(de)領導(dao)人、世(shi)界野(ye)生(sheng)生(sheng)物基金會領導(dao)及有(you)關專家、學(xue)者的(de)(de)矚目(mu)和關心。
創造原生(sheng)環(huan)境中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)大(da)熊(xiong)貓(mao)生(sheng)態(tai)景區,與一般意義上的(de)(de)野生(sheng)動(dong)物園(yuan)(yuan)和主題公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)有顯著差別,它(ta)并不是簡單地將不同生(sheng)長環(huan)境中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)動(dong)物集中(zhong)(zhong)到一處野生(sheng)動(dong)物園(yuan)(yuan)或(huo)主題公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)進行喂(wei)養;臥龍是大(da)熊(xiong)貓(mao)的(de)(de)原生(sheng)地,將大(da)熊(xiong)貓(mao)放歸野外,實行半野生(sheng)放養的(de)(de)這一科學試驗(yan),為進一步將人工繁殖(zhi)的(de)(de)大(da)熊(xiong)貓(mao)完全放歸自然(ran)提供了探(tan)索性思路,真正實現(xian)自然(ran)生(sheng)態(tai)原則。我們力圖通過(guo)對此項目的(de)(de)規劃設(she)計(ji),來(lai)凸(tu)現(xian)臥龍大(da)熊(xiong)貓(mao)資(zi)源的(de)(de)地域特征及生(sheng)態(tai)景觀的(de)(de)唯一性,打造出中(zhong)(zhong)國生(sheng)態(tai)景區的(de)(de)一個世界(jie)級品牌(pai)"熊(xiong)貓(mao)之鄉"。