臥(wo)龍地(di)區位(wei)于龍門山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)中南(nan)(nan)段,邛崍山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)坡(po),為四川盆(pen)(pen)地(di)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)川西高(gao)(gao)原的(de)(de)過渡地(di)帶(dai),其地(di)貌形態以(yi)(yi)高(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)深谷為主。區內最高(gao)(gao)峰四姑(gu)娘山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)是邛崍山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)主峰,海拔高(gao)(gao)度(du)6250米(mi)。以(yi)(yi)四姑(gu)娘山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)-巴朗山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)為界,以(yi)(yi)東(dong)(dong)為四川盆(pen)(pen)地(di)邊緣山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di),以(yi)(yi)西進入(ru)川西高(gao)(gao)原。臥(wo)龍地(di)區大地(di)構(gou)造上屬于龍門山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)褶(zhe)斷帶(dai)的(de)(de)中南(nan)(nan)段,由一(yi)(yi)系列北東(dong)(dong)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)平行(xing)的(de)(de)褶(zhe)曲(qu)和斷裂(lie)組(zu)成。構(gou)造帶(dai)總(zong)體方向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)為北40-50度(du)東(dong)(dong)。褶(zhe)曲(qu)均為緊密的(de)(de)倒(dao)(dao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)腹背斜(xie)(xie)、腹向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)斜(xie)(xie),自西北向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)有:總(zong)棚(peng)子倒(dao)(dao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)復背斜(xie)(xie)、三(san)道卡子倒(dao)(dao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)復向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)斜(xie)(xie)、牛頭(tou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)倒(dao)(dao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)復背斜(xie)(xie)、銅槽(cao)倒(dao)(dao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)復向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)斜(xie)(xie),這些(xie)褶(zhe)曲(qu)軸面(mian)走(zou)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)為北30-60度(du)東(dong)(dong),軸面(mian)傾向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)在(zai)不同(tong)地(di)段變化(hua)很大,忽(hu)而傾向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)西北,忽(hu)而傾向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan),呈一(yi)(yi)彎曲(qu)的(de)(de)扭曲(qu)面(mian),傾角40-60度(du)不等(deng)。腹背斜(xie)(xie)和腹向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)斜(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)兩翼均被(bei)次一(yi)(yi)級同(tong)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)傾向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)小(xiao)背斜(xie)(xie)和小(xiao)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)斜(xie)(xie)復雜化(hua)。
保護對象
植物
物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)樣性(xing):臥龍自然(ran)保護區曾與四(si)(si)川省南充師范學院(yuan)生(sheng)物系合作考察(cha)、收集植(zhi)物標本達5000多(duo)號、20000多(duo)份,還鑒定出(chu)植(zhi)物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類數近4000種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);發(fa)現新種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和變種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)10個(ge),記錄在案的(de)(de)高(gao)等植(zhi)物有217科、814屬、1989種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong),苔蘚(xian)植(zhi)物174種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約占四(si)(si)川種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)(de)8.29%,蕨類植(zhi)物191種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約占全國種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類數的(de)(de)8.3%,四(si)(si)川種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)(de)20.0%,被(bei)子植(zhi)物1604種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約占全國種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數約6.6%,四(si)(si)川種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)(de)18.98%。
珍稀瀕(bin)危(wei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu):臥(wo)龍(long)自然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區內有(you)(you)國家(jia)重點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)的(de)珍稀瀕(bin)危(wei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)245種,其中屬國家(jia)一級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)有(you)(you)珙(gong)桐(Davidia involucrata Baillon)水杉(shan)(shan)(Metasequ oia glyptostroboides Cheng),二(er)級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)的(de)有(you)(you)伯(bo)樂樹(shu)(shu)(Bretschneidera sinensis)連香樹(shu)(shu)(Cercidiphyllum japonicum)光葉珙(gong)桐(Davidiainvolucrata var. vilmoriniana)香果樹(shu)(shu)(Emmenopterys henryi)杜仲(Eucommia ulmoides)銀杏(Ginkgo biloba)胡桃(Juglans sp.)四(si)川紅杉(shan)(shan)(Larix mas tersiana)水青樹(shu)(shu)(Tetracentron sinense),三級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)的(de)有(you)(you):黃(huang)(huang)蓍(Astrgal us menbranaceus)黃(huang)(huang)連(Coptis chinensis)金線(xian)槭(qi)(Dipteronia sinensis)八角蓮(Dysosm a versipellis)領春木(Euptelea pleiospermum)天麻(Gastrodia elata)厚(hou)樸(Magnolia officinalis)扇蕨(Meocheiropteris palmatopedata)黃(huang)(huang)薜(Phelloclendron amurense)垂枝云杉(shan)(shan)(Picea brachytyla)筇竹(Qiongzhuea tumidinoda)大葉柳(Salix magnifica)延齡草(cao)(Trillium tschonoskii)。
(3)資源植物(wu):臥龍(long)(long)自然保護區森林茂(mao)密,木材(cai)蓄積(ji)量近兩千萬立方(fang)米,有藥用(yong)植物(wu)870種(zhong)(zhong),是四川藥材(cai)的重要產區,天(tian)麻(ma)、貝母、水母雪蓮、黃(huang)芪(qi)等名貴(gui)藥材(cai)產量豐富(fu)。有油脂類植物(wu)80種(zhong)(zhong),淀粉及(ji)糖類植物(wu)42種(zhong)(zhong),纖維類植物(wu)60種(zhong)(zhong),單(dan)寧類植物(wu)42種(zhong)(zhong),芳香類植物(wu)28種(zhong)(zhong),此外(wai),臥龍(long)(long)還出(chu)產大(da)量的可食菌類、蕨(jue)苔,構成山(shan)珍野味的一部(bu)分(fen)。
動物
物種(zhong)多樣性:臥龍自然保護區曾與西華師范大學(xue)生(sheng)物系珍稀(xi)動植物研究(jiu)所合作(zuo)考察,記錄在案的動物有2200種(zhong)左右,其中昆蟲約(yue)1700多種(zhong),脊(ji)椎動物437種(zhong)。有獸類(lei)(lei)7目(mu)23科(ke)(ke)(ke)109種(zhong)或亞種(zhong),占四川種(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的50%;鳥類(lei)(lei)13目(mu)43科(ke)(ke)(ke)281種(zhong)3亞種(zhong),占四川種(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的52%;爬(pa)行類(lei)(lei)1目(mu)5科(ke)(ke)(ke)21種(zhong);兩棲(qi)類(lei)(lei)有2目(mu)5科(ke)(ke)(ke)18種(zhong);魚類(lei)(lei)有3目(mu)5科(ke)(ke)(ke)11種(zhong)。
珍(zhen)稀瀕危動物:臥龍自(zi)(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區由于特殊的自(zi)(zi)然環(huan)境與(yu)地理位(wei)置,保(bao)存了不少古老子遺動物,是我國大熊貓(mao)的主要分布(bu)區,大熊貓(mao)的數量約占全國總(zong)數的10%,列為國家重(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)的珍(zhen)稀瀕危的高等(deng)動物有(you)57種,其中一級保(bao)護(hu)的有(you)大熊貓(mao)(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)金絲(si)猴(Rhinopithecus roxellanae)等(deng)13種。二級保(bao)護(hu)的有(you)獼(mi)猴、藏酋猴等(deng)44種。
發展規劃
臥(wo)龍自然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區始建(jian)于1963年(nian)(nian),面(mian)積(ji)2萬(wan)公(gong)頃(qing),是中國(guo)最早(zao)建(jian)立(li)的(de)綜(zong)合(he)性(xing)國(guo)家級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區之(zhi)一。1974年(nian)(nian)3月面(mian)積(ji)擴大到20 萬(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)。1980年(nian)(nian)加入聯(lian)合(he)國(guo)教科文組織“人與(yu)生(sheng)物(wu)圈(quan)”保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區網,并與(yu)世界野生(sheng)生(sheng)物(wu)基金會合(he)作建(jian)立(li)中國(guo)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)大熊貓(mao)研究(jiu)中 心。1983年(nian)(nian)7月,省政府,原林業部聯(lian)合(he)作出了將(jiang)四(si)川省汶川縣臥(wo)龍特別行(xing)政區改為四(si)川省汶川臥(wo)龍特別行(xing)政區的(de)決定,與(yu)臥(wo)龍自然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區管理局(ju)合(he)署辦公(gong)的(de)綜(zong)合(he)管理體(ti)制。
國家和四川省命(ming)名(ming)臥(wo)龍自(zi)然保護區為(wei)“科普教育基地”“愛國主(zhu)義(yi)教育基地”。
多年來(lai),臥龍自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護區(qu)著眼于建(jian)設一(yi)流(liu)的國(guo)家(jia)自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護區(qu)目(mu)標(biao),堅持(chi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護和合理利(li)用的方(fang)針,特別(bie)是(shi)大熊(xiong)貓的研究取得(de)了(le)突破(po)性(xing)進展(zhan),1990年至2001年已(yi)成(cheng)功(gong)地人(ren)工繁(fan)殖大熊(xiong)貓34胎,51仔、成(cheng)活(huo)42仔,現已(yi)同山東魯能信誼(yi)旅(lv)(lv)游集團簽訂開(kai)發(fa)協議,力爭(zheng)實(shi)現2005年前建(jian)成(cheng)大熊(xiong)貓生(sheng)態旅(lv)(lv)游勝利(li)的目(mu)標(biao)。在2012年當(dang)時,區(qu)內經濟得(de)到有效(xiao)發(fa)展(zhan),人(ren)民生(sheng)活(huo)水(shui)平顯著提高。基礎設施建(jian)設發(fa)生(sheng)根(gen)本性(xing)改善(shan),保(bao)(bao)(bao)護區(qu)的建(jian)設和發(fa)展(zhan)向符合中國(guo)國(guo)情的良性(xing)循環方(fang)向發(fa)展(zhan)。
設計理念
臥(wo)龍(long)自然(ran)保護區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)“中華大(da)(da)熊(xiong)(xiong)貓(mao)(mao)園”的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)劃設(she)計,把(ba)(ba)生(sheng)態資源、研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)實(shi)踐、拓展建設(she)、長遠(yuan)發展結(jie)合(he)(he)起來,把(ba)(ba)就地取材、因勢利導(dao)、順應自然(ran)與生(sheng)態建設(she)結(jie)合(he)(he)起來。通過(guo)大(da)(da)熊(xiong)(xiong)貓(mao)(mao)野(ye)(ye)化(hua)馴養(yang)區(qu)、大(da)(da)熊(xiong)(xiong)貓(mao)(mao)產仔區(qu)、大(da)(da)熊(xiong)(xiong)貓(mao)(mao)野(ye)(ye)外(wai)放歸過(guo)渡區(qu)、大(da)(da)熊(xiong)(xiong)貓(mao)(mao)野(ye)(ye)外(wai)放歸試驗區(qu)等(deng)互動一體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)劃設(she)計,成功(gong)的(de)(de)(de)完成了“保護是前提,研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)為(wei)中心,放歸是目的(de)(de)(de)”的(de)(de)(de)指導(dao)思想。為(wei)提供更多更優化(hua)更合(he)(he)乎自然(ran)的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)種研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)大(da)(da)熊(xiong)(xiong)貓(mao)(mao)創造了更優秀(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件,使臥(wo)龍(long)名符其(qi)實(shi)成為(wei)世(shi)界上最(zui)生(sheng)態、最(zui)優秀(xiu)(xiu)、最(zui)先(xian)進、最(zui)前衛(wei)的(de)(de)(de)保護、研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)大(da)(da)熊(xiong)(xiong)貓(mao)(mao)的(de)(de)(de)中心,進一步得到黨和國家的(de)(de)(de)領導(dao)人、世(shi)界野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)生(sheng)物(wu)基金會領導(dao)及(ji)有關專家、學者的(de)(de)(de)矚目和關心。
創造原生(sheng)環境(jing)中(zhong)的(de)(de)大(da)熊(xiong)貓(mao)生(sheng)態(tai)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu),與一(yi)般(ban)意義上的(de)(de)野生(sheng)動物(wu)園和(he)主題公園有顯(xian)著差別,它并不是簡(jian)單地(di)將(jiang)不同生(sheng)長環境(jing)中(zhong)的(de)(de)動物(wu)集中(zhong)到(dao)一(yi)處野生(sheng)動物(wu)園或主題公園進(jin)行(xing)喂養;臥(wo)龍是大(da)熊(xiong)貓(mao)的(de)(de)原生(sheng)地(di),將(jiang)大(da)熊(xiong)貓(mao)放歸(gui)野外(wai),實行(xing)半野生(sheng)放養的(de)(de)這一(yi)科(ke)學(xue)試(shi)驗,為(wei)進(jin)一(yi)步將(jiang)人工繁(fan)殖的(de)(de)大(da)熊(xiong)貓(mao)完全放歸(gui)自(zi)然(ran)提供了(le)探索性(xing)思路,真(zhen)正(zheng)實現(xian)自(zi)然(ran)生(sheng)態(tai)原則。我們(men)力圖通過對此項目(mu)的(de)(de)規劃(hua)設計,來凸現(xian)臥(wo)龍大(da)熊(xiong)貓(mao)資(zi)源的(de)(de)地(di)域特征及生(sheng)態(tai)景(jing)(jing)觀的(de)(de)唯一(yi)性(xing),打(da)造出中(zhong)國生(sheng)態(tai)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)一(yi)個世(shi)界級(ji)品牌"熊(xiong)貓(mao)之(zhi)鄉(xiang)"。