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故居介紹

湖南(nan)省(sheng)文(wen)(wen)物保護單(dan)位。位于長沙(sha)城東(dong)(dong)(dong)43公里(li)處長沙(sha)縣(xian)五美鄉(xiang)。為(wei)一(yi)(yi)所磚木結(jie)構(gou)的四合院(yuan)式民居。始建(jian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)代待(dai)考。1914年(nian)(nian)(nian)改建(jian)，其后兩次(ci)擴建(jian)并(bing)多次(ci)維修。占地面(mian)積約1700平方(fang)米。坐北朝南(nan)，中(zhong)軸線上依次(ci)有大門、過廳、庭院(yuan)、上屋(wu)(wu)(wu)等，左(zuo)右(you)建(jian)廂房(fang)、雜屋(wu)(wu)(wu)。1916年(nian)(nian)(nian)，徐(xu)(xu)特(te)立在此開設(she)五美高(gao)級小(xiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)后，房(fang)舍除上屋(wu)(wu)(wu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)側(ce)及東(dong)(dong)(dong)廂房(fang)計九間(jian)留用外(wai)，其余(yu)均歸學(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)管理。故居原從東(dong)(dong)(dong)廂外(wai)院(yuan)側(ce)門出入，院(yuan)內有水(shui)井一(yi)(yi)眼，檐下形成(cheng)(cheng)回(hui)廊，小(xiao)青瓦屋(wu)(wu)(wu)面(mian)，方(fang)格窗向內支撐。前臨田野，后靠小(xiao)山，周(zhou)圍松柏(bo)、香(xiang)樟(zhang)、翠(cui)竹環繞，十分(fen)幽雅。西側(ce)新(xin)建(jian)五美中(zhong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)舍和操坪，與之連成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)(yi)體。1980年(nian)(nian)(nian)，故居修繕一(yi)(yi)新(xin)，并(bing)復原陳設(she)有徐(xu)(xu)特(te)立夫婦和徐(xu)(xu)乾以及教(jiao)員陳昌、毛(mao)達恂(xun)等人的住房(fang)。徐(xu)(xu)特(te)立曾為(wei)毛(mao)澤東(dong)(dong)(dong)的老師，1927年(nian)(nian)(nian)加入共(gong)產黨，為(wei)中(zhong)共(gong)第七(qi)屆、八屆中(zhong)央(yang)委員。1968年(nian)(nian)(nian)逝(shi)世，1983年(nian)(nian)(nian)故居重新(xin)公布為(wei)湖南(nan)省(sheng)重點文(wen)(wen)物保護單(dan)位。

人物簡介

徐特立(li)(1877年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)-1968年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))，原名懋(mao)恂，字(zi)師(shi)陶，1877年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)出生(sheng)于長(chang)(chang)沙縣江(jiang)背鎮，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)無產階(jie)級革命家(jia)、教育家(jia)，是毛澤東和田(tian)漢等著名人(ren)士(shi)的老師(shi)。1906年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)領導長(chang)(chang)沙私立(li)學校師(shi)生(sheng)反“鐵路國(guo)有(you)(you)”運動。1924年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)回國(guo)后在長(chang)(chang)沙創辦(ban)女子(zi)師(shi)范學校。1927年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)加入中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)共(gong)同黨并參加南昌八(ba)一(yi)起義。1930年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)在中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)蘇區(qu)任中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)工農民主政府(fu)執行委(wei)(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)會(hui)(hui)(hui)兼教育部(bu)(bu)長(chang)(chang)。1934年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)參加長(chang)(chang)征，后歷任陜甘(gan)寧邊(bian)區(qu)教育廳(ting)長(chang)(chang)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)宣(xuan)傳部(bu)(bu)副部(bu)(bu)長(chang)(chang)、自然科學院(yuan)院(yuan)長(chang)(chang)、邊(bian)區(qu)參議(yi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)參議(yi)員(yuan)(yuan)。解放后曾任中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)人(ren)民政府(fu)委(wei)(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)宣(xuan)傳部(bu)(bu)副部(bu)(bu)長(chang)(chang)、政務(wu)院(yuan)文化教育委(wei)(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)會(hui)(hui)(hui)委(wei)(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)、第(di)一(yi)、二、三(san)屆全(quan)國(guo)人(ren)大常(chang)委(wei)(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)委(wei)(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)；中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)第(di)七、八(ba)屆中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)委(wei)(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)會(hui)(hui)(hui)委(wei)(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)。著作有(you)(you)《徐特立(li)教育文集》。1968年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)11月28日逝世。