曾國(guo)(guo)藩(fan)墓(mu)位于(yu)(yu)湖南岳麓(lu)區坪塘街道桐溪(xi)村伏(fu)龍(long)山,為晚清(qing)湘軍首領、兩江總督——曾國(guo)(guo)藩(fan)之墓(mu)。同治十一年(1872年)二月(yue)初四,(公歷1872年3月(yue)20日(ri)(ri))曾國(guo)(guo)藩(fan)遽歸道山于(yu)(yu)兩江總督任上。是(shi)日(ri)(ri)午(wu)后(hou),他與長(chang)子曾紀澤散(san)步于(yu)(yu)署西花圃,突發(fa)腳麻(ma),被(bei)扶掖(ye)回書房(fang),已不能(neng)言,端坐三(san)刻溘然而(er)逝(shi)。是(shi)月(yue),清(qing)廷聞訃,輟朝三(san)日(ri)(ri),追贈太傅,謚文正。后(hou)靈柩運抵長(chang)沙(sha),當年葬(zang)于(yu)(yu)長(chang)沙(sha)南門外之金(jin)盆(pen)嶺(ling)。次年改葬(zang)于(yu)(yu)善化縣平(ping)塘伏(fu)龍(long)山之陽,即今長(chang)沙(sha)市岳麓(lu)區坪塘街道桐溪(xi)村伏(fu)龍(long)山南,與是(shi)年仙逝(shi)的歐陽夫人合葬(zang)。
墓葬
墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬占地面積300平(ping)方米。曾墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)冢原系三(san)(san)合泥拌碎石(shi)糯米混澆而(er)成(cheng),墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)圍直徑約5米,花(hua)崗石(shi)圍,高2米。塋地砌(qi)花(hua)崗石(shi)羅圍,并(bing)立(li)碑三(san)(san)通,漢(han)白玉石(shi)碑心,主碑高3米,刻楷書碑文(wen)(wen)“皇清(qing)太(tai)傅大(da)學(xue)士曾文(wen)(wen)正(zheng)公/一(yi)品侯夫(fu)人歐(ou)陽夫(fu)人之墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)”。附碑均為(wei)龍紋浮雕。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)前有(you)拜臺和(he)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)坪,拜臺約50平(ping)方米,經26級臺階下接(jie)一(yi)大(da)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)坪約200平(ping)方米,墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)坪上東(dong)西兩(liang)側各立(li)石(shi)闕一(yi)個(ge),分別刻有(you)“曾太(tai)傅墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)東(dong)闕”和(he)“曾太(tai)傅墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)西闕”。左側石(shi)梯通道沿桐(tong)溪寺圍墻(qiang)而(er)下,接(jie)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)廬槽門與御碑亭,通道兩(liang)旁有(you)石(shi)馬、石(shi)獅、石(shi)虎(hu)及翁仲各一(yi)對。距曾國藩(fan)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)約60米處立(li)有(you)“太(tai)傅大(da)學(xue)士毅勇侯曾文(wen)(wen)正(zheng)公神道碑”,系大(da)學(xue)士李鴻(hong)章撰(zhuan)、翰林黃自(zi)元書,大(da)抵敘(xu)述曾國藩(fan)生平(ping)功績。
墓前風景
墓地(di)正前有古銀杏(xing)、羅漢松(song)各兩株,蓊郁茂盛(sheng)(sheng)。墓地(di)附近(jin)之(zhi)桐(tong)溪寺(si)(si)(si)(si)古稱興國寺(si)(si)(si)(si),為(wei)唐代振朗(lang)禪師創(chuang)建(jian)。該寺(si)(si)(si)(si)掩(yan)映于綠樹叢中(zhong),建(jian)筑宏偉,樓閣玲瓏(long),三道大(da)門,寬(kuan)敞明亮,為(wei)唐代名(ming)剎。不久,寺(si)(si)(si)(si)毀,至(zhi)宋復建(jian),名(ming)曰伏(fu)龍(long)庵。寺(si)(si)(si)(si)周(zhou)有八景:盤(pan)龍(long)松(song)、集賢橋(qiao)、象王嶺(ling)(ling)、談(tan)經(jing)石、獅子峰、桂花井、金盆(pen)嶺(ling)(ling)、萬壽亭。至(zhi)明末,寺(si)(si)(si)(si)又毀。清代,經(jing)天巖應(ying)適禪師募緣重(zhong)建(jian),改名(ming)桐(tong)溪寺(si)(si)(si)(si),因山(shan)后(hou)桐(tong)林茂密(mi)、寺(si)(si)(si)(si)前流水(shui)潺潺、山(shan)清水(shui)秀(xiu)、環境(jing)幽雅(ya)而得(de)名(ming)。鼎盛(sheng)(sheng)時期,桐(tong)溪寺(si)(si)(si)(si)有房(fang)100余間(jian),香火繚繞(rao)。民國以后(hou),寺(si)(si)(si)(si)廟日(ri)漸凋零。
墓(mu)(mu)地(di)曾于20世(shi)紀(ji)50-60年(nian)(nian)代遭(zao)到損壞(huai),1980年(nian)(nian)代遭(zao)到盜(dao)掘,御碑(bei)亭、墓(mu)(mu)廬被毀壞(huai),麻石構件被當地(di)農民移作(zuo)他用。1992年(nian)(nian)望(wang)城縣文(wen)(wen)物(wu)管理所(suo)在當地(di)成立了曾國藩墓(mu)(mu)保護小組(zu),1993年(nian)(nian)曾國藩墓(mu)(mu)先(xian)后被列(lie)(lie)入望(wang)城縣文(wen)(wen)物(wu)保護單位和長沙市重(zhong)點文(wen)(wen)物(wu)保護單位,1996年(nian)(nian)被列(lie)(lie)入湖南省文(wen)(wen)物(wu)保護單位。其墓(mu)(mu)園自1998年(nian)(nian)開(kai)始(shi)開(kai)始(shi)規劃(hua)修復, 第一(yi)期修復工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)從2000年(nian)(nian)初開(kai)始(shi)于2002年(nian)(nian)完工(gong)(gong)。2013年(nian)(nian)入選全國重(zhong)點文(wen)(wen)物(wu)保護單位。
墓園(yuan)距(ju)坪塘街道中心區(qu)約4公(gong)(gong)里(li),距(ju)離長沙城(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)瀟湘大道、繞城(cheng)(cheng)高速、岳麓大道三干線主(zhu)匝道約為2公(gong)(gong)里(li)。曾(ceng)國藩墓園(yuan)景區(qu)建設(she)二期工程中神道、牌(pai)坊的文(wen)物修復已經啟動(dong),墓廬、御(yu)碑亭等項目(mu)的修復的前期準備工作已基本就緒。據望城(cheng)(cheng)縣文(wen)物局相關(guan)負責人介(jie)紹(shao),經過2-3年建設(she),曾(ceng)國藩墓園(yuan)景區(qu)將初(chu)具規(gui)模。市(shi)政協副主(zhu)席李(li)克儉(jian)、譚世延等參加活動(dong)。
曾(ceng)國(guo)藩墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)位(wei)于岳麓區坪塘街道(dao)桐溪村(cun)伏龍山,其墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)冢系三合泥拌碎(sui)石(shi)糯米(mi)混(hun)澆而成,墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)圍(wei)直徑(jing)約(yue)5米(mi),花(hua)崗石(shi)圍(wei)。其墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)有(you)三道(dao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)碑(bei)(bei)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)前有(you)拜(bai)臺、墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)坪,拜(bai)臺約(yue)50平方米(mi),經26級(ji)臺階下(xia)接一(yi)大墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)坪約(yue)200平方米(mi),墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)坪上(shang)東西(xi)兩側各(ge)立石(shi)闕一(yi)個,分別刻“曾(ceng)太(tai)傅(fu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)東闕”、“曾(ceng)太(tai)傅(fu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)西(xi)闕”。左側石(shi)梯通道(dao)沿桐溪寺(si)圍(wei)墻(qiang)而下(xia),接墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)廬槽門與(yu)御碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting),通道(dao)兩旁有(you)石(shi)馬(ma)、石(shi)獅、石(shi)虎及(ji)石(shi)翁(weng)仲各(ge)一(yi)對。距墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)冢約(yue)60米(mi)處立有(you)“太(tai)傅(fu)大學士毅勇(yong)侯曾(ceng)文正公(gong)神道(dao)碑(bei)(bei)”,敘述了曾(ceng)國(guo)藩生平功績。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)地正前有(you)參天(tian)銀杏、羅漢松各(ge)兩株。
曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)國(guo)(guo)藩(fan)墓(mu)曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)經在上(shang)世紀50、70、80年代遭盜墓(mu)者三次破壞(huai)(huai)。墓(mu)地(di)(di)原有(you)的(de)各一對(dui)石(shi)(shi)馬(ma)、石(shi)(shi)獅、石(shi)(shi)虎(hu)及石(shi)(shi)翁仲(zhong)已(yi)經四處(chu)散落,有(you)的(de)已(yi)被(bei)破壞(huai)(huai)。墓(mu)地(di)(di)周圍的(de)麻石(shi)(shi)不是(shi)被(bei)附近村民用作他途就(jiu)是(shi)被(bei)隨(sui)意(yi)丟(diu)棄(qi)。就(jiu)連墓(mu)廬四周護欄(lan)(lan)上(shang)的(de)鐵鏈也(ye)被(bei)人(ren)偷走。在附近一居(ju)民家(jia)中,還保(bao)留有(you)一只形狀像海(hai)龜一樣的(de)赑屃(按照古習(xi),各種石(shi)(shi)碑下的(de)石(shi)(shi)座就(jiu)雕成(cheng)赑屃之(zhi)狀)。在赑屃的(de)兩(liang)側,還保(bao)存(cun)有(you)已(yi)經斷成(cheng)兩(liang)截的(de)曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)墓(mu)神道(dao)碑。而曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)墓(mu)附近曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)經香火繚繞(rao)的(de)桐溪寺(si)已(yi)經蕩然無存(cun)。此處(chu)將(jiang)成(cheng)旅游(you)景(jing)區。1996年,曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)國(guo)(guo)藩(fan)墓(mu)被(bei)確定(ding)為省級文(wen)物保(bao)護單位。長(chang)沙市、望城縣文(wen)物部門(men)圍繞(rao)曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)國(guo)(guo)藩(fan)墓(mu)的(de)修(xiu)復(fu)(fu),多(duo)次組織專家(jia)到實地(di)(di)調研(yan),并制訂了曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)國(guo)(guo)藩(fan)墓(mu)整體(ti)(ti)保(bao)護規劃(hua)。根據規劃(hua),將(jiang)建設曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)國(guo)(guo)藩(fan)墓(mu)園(yuan)景(jing)區,景(jing)區由曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)國(guo)(guo)藩(fan)墓(mu)園(yuan)與(yu)湘軍(jun)(jun)文(wen)化休閑園(yuan)組成(cheng)。前(qian)者以(yi)文(wen)物保(bao)護為主(zhu),包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)神道(dao)(石(shi)(shi)人(ren)、石(shi)(shi)馬(ma)、石(shi)(shi)羊、石(shi)(shi)虎(hu))、石(shi)(shi)牌坊(fang)、墓(mu)廬、桂花井、御碑亭(ting)(ting)(恢復(fu)(fu)御碑),800米(mi)長(chang)麻石(shi)(shi)路(lu)以(yi)及“曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)國(guo)(guo)藩(fan)與(yu)湘軍(jun)(jun)陣列館”。后(hou)者重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)體(ti)(ti)現湘軍(jun)(jun)文(wen)化特色,包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)騎馬(ma)、射(she)箭、摔跤、拳(quan)擊、武(wu)術(shu)、布陣、營(ying)帳等休閑方式(shi)。據悉,墓(mu)園(yuan)景(jing)區建設將(jiang)分為個(ge)階段(duan)。第(di)(di)一階段(duan)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)修(xiu)繕曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)國(guo)(guo)藩(fan)墓(mu)本體(ti)(ti)。日前(qian)已(yi)經完成(cheng),墓(mu)碑、墓(mu)圍、墓(mu)冢、散水(shui)、平臺(tai)、拜(bai)臺(tai)、圍護欄(lan)(lan)等文(wen)物全部修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)。古樹得到了很好(hao)的(de)維護。第(di)(di)二(er)階段(duan)主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)國(guo)(guo)藩(fan)墓(mu)神道(dao)(石(shi)(shi)象等)、牌坊(fang)、墓(mu)廬(神道(dao)碑)、御碑亭(ting)(ting)(御碑)及麻石(shi)(shi)路(lu)等附屬文(wen)物為主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)。預計用2年至(zhi)3年時間完成(cheng),使(shi)曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)國(guo)(guo)藩(fan)墓(mu)園(yuan)景(jing)區初具規模。第(di)(di)三階段(duan)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)修(xiu)建曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)國(guo)(guo)藩(fan)與(yu)湘軍(jun)(jun)陣列館,客觀展現曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)國(guo)(guo)藩(fan)生平與(yu)湘軍(jun)(jun)政治集團的(de)史料,曾(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)國(guo)(guo)藩(fan)在中國(guo)(guo)近代洋務運動及文(wen)學藝術(shu)等方面(mian)的(de)歷(li)史作用。
曾(ceng)國藩(fan)(1811-1872),初名(ming)子(zi)城,字伯函,號(hao)滌生,謚(shi)文正(zheng),湖(hu)南長沙府湘(xiang)鄉(xiang)白楊(yang)坪(ping)人(ren),現屬雙峰(feng)縣(xian)(xian)荷(he)葉(xie)鎮天子(zi)坪(ping)曾(ceng)國藩(fan)于(yu)嘉慶十六年(1811年)出生于(yu)湖(hu)南省(sheng)雙峰(feng)縣(xian)(xian)井字鎮荷(he)葉(xie)塘(tang)的一個豪(hao)門(men)地主家庭兄妹九人(ren)。曾(ceng)國藩(fan)是中國清朝時期的軍事(shi)家、理(li)學(xue)(xue)家、政治家,書法家,中興名(ming)臣之一,也是文學(xue)(xue)家,晚清散(san)文「湘(xiang)鄉(xiang)派(pai)」創立人(ren)。官(guan)至兩(liang)江總督(du)、直隸(li)總督(du)、武英(ying)殿大學(xue)(xue)士,封一等(deng)毅勇侯。