簡介
輝發(fa)河上游(you)(you)石(shi)棚墓(mu)(mu)位于(yu)輝發(fa)河上游(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)梅河口(kou)(kou)市、柳河縣境(jing)內。輝發(fa)河是第二松(song)花江(jiang)流(liu)域中上游(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要支(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)之(zhi)一,其(qi)主要流(liu)經吉林(lin)省(sheng)南部(bu)(bu)和(he)遼寧省(sheng)東(dong)部(bu)(bu)。在輝發(fa)河上游(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩條主要支(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)——一統河、三統河流(liu)域分(fen)布眾多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)棚墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang),現(xian)行(xing)政歸屬分(fen)屬于(yu)通(tong)化(hua)地區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)梅河口(kou)(kou)市和(he)柳河縣。據1983年以來文(wen)(wen)物普(pu)查結果(guo),目前(qian),這一區(qu)域共集中發(fa)現(xian)石(shi)棚墓(mu)(mu)80余(yu)座。這些墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)大(da)多(duo)分(fen)布于(yu)哈達嶺(ling)山脈(mo),海拔500—600米高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山崗頂部(bu)(bu)或山脊上,其(qi)范(fan)圍東(dong)起新開嶺(ling)堿水北(bei)溝,西至(zhi)雞冠砬子。輝發(fa)河上游(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)棚墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)群是我國乃至(zhi)東(dong)北(bei)亞地區(qu)此類墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)分(fen)布最為密集的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)區(qu)域之(zhi)一。同時,也是東(dong)北(bei)亞地區(qu)石(shi)棚墓(mu)(mu)分(fen)布的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最北(bei)界線,對研(yan)究東(dong)北(bei)亞地區(qu)這一具(ju)有廣泛分(fen)布的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)具(ju)有極為重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意義(yi),也是反映東(dong)北(bei)亞民族關系與文(wen)(wen)化(hua)相融最佳例證之(zhi)一。
特點
在吉林省的(de)輝發(fa)河(he)上游(you)地區,目前(qian)已(yi)發(fa)現(xian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)墓(mu)80余座(zuo)。這些(xie)墓(mu)葬大多(duo)分布于哈達嶺(ling)山(shan)脈海拔500至600米的(de)山(shan)崗(gang)頂部(bu)(bu)或山(shan)脊上。構筑石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)墓(mu)的(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材多(duo)為(wei)砂礫(li)巖(yan)、泥質(zhi)員巖(yan)、片麻巖(yan),并被加工成(cheng)較(jiao)規整(zheng)的(de)長方(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)或方(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban)。墓(mu)葬多(duo)呈長方(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing),以(yi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban)半(ban)埋半(ban)裸(luo)立(li)砌,圍(wei)成(cheng)墓(mu)室四壙。兩(liang)(liang)側壁石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)多(duo)是一塊(kuai)長石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban),有(you)的(de)為(wei)兩(liang)(liang)塊(kuai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban)相接,個(ge)別(bie)的(de)還(huan)有(you)兩(liang)(liang)層(ceng)壁石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。上面(mian)用大石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban)封頂,四周露出寬大的(de)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)檐,下(xia)面(mian)鋪有(you)底石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。為(wei)了(le)使石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)墓(mu)更(geng)堅固,有(you)的(de)兩(liang)(liang)側壁石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)下(xia)部(bu)(bu)或一端鑿有(you)對稱(cheng)的(de)凹(ao)槽,以(yi)便嵌入底石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)或端石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),個(ge)別(bie)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)墓(mu)周圍(wei)砌有(you)護(hu)坡石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。有(you)的(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)墓(mu)門(men)前(qian)兩(liang)(liang)邊還(huan)立(li)有(you)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)(ban)成(cheng)為(wei)通道,整(zheng)座(zuo)墓(mu)葬形(xing)(xing)(xing)體結構顯得更(geng)加嚴謹、穩定(ding)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)墓(mu)的(de)大小有(you)一定(ding)的(de)差異,一般(ban)砌石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)高(gao)于地面(mian)1至1.3米,最高(gao)可(ke)達2米左右。部(bu)(bu)分石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)墓(mu)內(nei)發(fa)現(xian)有(you)人骨,有(you)些(xie)經火焚燒。隨葬物有(you)陶(tao)罐、陶(tao)紡輪等陶(tao)器。
這些(xie)石(shi)棚(peng)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)大(da)(da)多在(zai)梅河(he)口市和柳河(he)縣境(jing)內,其中大(da)(da)部(bu)分在(zai)柳河(he)縣。除一部(bu)分單獨聳立在(zai)山頂(ding)外,其余多數集中分布(bu)在(zai)山脊上,有(you)些(xie)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)地往往是石(shi)棚(peng)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)與(yu)大(da)(da)蓋石(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)和少量石(shi)棺墓(mu)(mu)(mu)共存。在(zai)石(shi)棚(peng)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)的附近發(fa)現有(you)青銅(tong)時期遺(yi)址,出土(tu)遺(yi)物與(yu)石(shi)棚(peng)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)出土(tu)遺(yi)物較為(wei)接近,說明石(shi)棚(peng)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)年代大(da)(da)體屬(shu)于春秋(qiu)戰國時期。
結構
在吉(ji)林省(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)輝發河上游地(di)區,目前(qian)已發現石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棚墓(mu)(mu)80余座(zuo)。這些(xie)墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)大(da)多(duo)(duo)分布于哈達(da)嶺山(shan)脈(mo)海拔500至600米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)山(shan)崗頂部(bu)或(huo)山(shan)脊上。構(gou)筑石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棚墓(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材多(duo)(duo)為(wei)砂礫巖、泥質員巖、片麻巖,并被加(jia)(jia)工(gong)成(cheng)較規整的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)方(fang)形(xing)或(huo)方(fang)形(xing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)。墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)多(duo)(duo)呈長(chang)方(fang)形(xing),以石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)半埋半裸立(li)砌(qi)(qi)(qi),圍成(cheng)墓(mu)(mu)室四壙(kuang)。兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)壁(bi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)多(duo)(duo)是一(yi)(yi)塊長(chang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban),有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)為(wei)兩(liang)(liang)塊石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)相接,個(ge)別的(de)(de)(de)還(huan)有(you)(you)兩(liang)(liang)層壁(bi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。上面(mian)用(yong)大(da)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)封(feng)頂,四周露出寬大(da)的(de)(de)(de)棚檐,下(xia)面(mian)鋪有(you)(you)底石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。為(wei)了使石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棚墓(mu)(mu)更堅固,有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)壁(bi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)下(xia)部(bu)或(huo)一(yi)(yi)端鑿有(you)(you)對稱的(de)(de)(de)凹槽,以便嵌入底石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)或(huo)端石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),個(ge)別石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棚墓(mu)(mu)周圍砌(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)護坡(po)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棚墓(mu)(mu)門前(qian)兩(liang)(liang)邊還(huan)立(li)有(you)(you)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)成(cheng)為(wei)通道,整座(zuo)墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)形(xing)體(ti)結構(gou)顯得更加(jia)(jia)嚴謹、穩(wen)定。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棚墓(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)小(xiao)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)差異(yi),一(yi)(yi)般(ban)砌(qi)(qi)(qi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)高(gao)(gao)于地(di)面(mian)1至1.3米(mi)(mi),最高(gao)(gao)可達(da)2米(mi)(mi)左右。部(bu)分石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棚墓(mu)(mu)內發現有(you)(you)人(ren)骨,有(you)(you)些(xie)經(jing)火焚燒。隨(sui)葬(zang)物有(you)(you)陶(tao)罐、陶(tao)紡(fang)輪(lun)等(deng)陶(tao)器(qi)。
這(zhe)些(xie)石(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)墓(mu)(mu)大多在梅河口市和柳(liu)河縣境內,其中(zhong)大部分在柳(liu)河縣。除一(yi)部分單獨聳立在山頂外(wai),其余多數集中(zhong)分布(bu)在山脊(ji)上,有(you)些(xie)墓(mu)(mu)地往往是石(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)墓(mu)(mu)與大蓋石(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)和少量石(shi)(shi)棺墓(mu)(mu)共存。在石(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)墓(mu)(mu)的(de)附(fu)近(jin)發現(xian)有(you)青銅時期遺(yi)址,出土遺(yi)物與石(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)墓(mu)(mu)出土遺(yi)物較為(wei)接近(jin),說明石(shi)(shi)棚(peng)(peng)墓(mu)(mu)年代大體屬于春(chun)秋戰國(guo)時期。