唐代中葉(xie),蘇(su)密城(cheng)為(wei)唐地方(fang)政(zheng)權渤海國五京(jing)十五府(fu)之長嶺府(fu)治所、渤海通(tong)往中原(yuan)王朝營(ying)州道(dao)上的重鎮。
民(min)國二十五年(nian)(nian)(1936年(nian)(nian)),日(ri)本人鳥山喜一、藤田亮(liang)策、巖間茂次郎等人對蘇密城進行了非法盜掘。
2013年,吉林省(sheng)文(wen)物考古研(yan)究所(suo)對蘇(su)密(mi)城進行了主動性考古發掘。
2014年6月-11月,吉林省文物考(kao)古研究(jiu)所對蘇(su)密城再(zai)次(ci)進(jin)行了考(kao)古發(fa)掘。
蘇(su)密城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址由蘇(su)密城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)組成,內(nei)外(wai)兩(liang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)重壕,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址四周(zhou)依山(shan)傍水(shui),為輝發河沖擊盆(pen)地。
內城(cheng)(cheng),坐落在外城(cheng)(cheng)中央(yang),成“回”字形,基本為(wei)正方形,四(si)角高(gao)出城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang),呈四(si)角樓(lou)遺(yi)跡,東(dong)(dong)西(xi)兩門,位于(yu)東(dong)(dong)墻(qiang)和西(xi)墻(qiang)中段內城(cheng)(cheng)四(si)周,有(you)較明顯的(de)護城(cheng)(cheng)壕遺(yi)跡,城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)為(wei)土筑夯實(shi),夯層厚10-15厘米(mi),城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)高(gao)2.6米(mi),頂寬(kuan)0.6米(mi),基寬(kuan)7米(mi)左右(you),東(dong)(dong)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)長(chang)337米(mi),南城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)長(chang)334米(mi),西(xi)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)長(chang)369米(mi),北(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)長(chang)341米(mi),周長(chang)1381米(mi);
外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),大致為(wei)(wei)長(chang)(chang)方(fang)(fang)形(xing),東(dong)(dong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)長(chang)(chang)697米(mi)(mi)(mi),南(nan)(nan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)長(chang)(chang)535米(mi)(mi)(mi),西(xi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)長(chang)(chang)747米(mi)(mi)(mi),北城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)長(chang)(chang)611米(mi)(mi)(mi),周長(chang)(chang)2590米(mi)(mi)(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)殘高(gao)3米(mi)(mi)(mi)-4米(mi)(mi)(mi),頂寬0.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)-1米(mi)(mi)(mi),底寬13米(mi)(mi)(mi)左右,四角(jiao)有(you)角(jiao)樓(lou),存東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)和(he)西(xi)南(nan)(nan)角(jiao)樓(lou)遺跡(ji),高(gao)出(chu)(chu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)約1米(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)角(jiao)樓(lou)向(xiang)東(dong)(dong)突出(chu)(chu)1米(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)(dong)、西(xi)、南(nan)(nan)三面城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)保存較好(hao),外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)四門皆位于各墻(qiang)中段,并(bing)筑(zhu)有(you)方(fang)(fang)形(xing)甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。東(dong)(dong)甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門和(he)北甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門已遭破(po)壞,西(xi)甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)南(nan)(nan)甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)保存較好(hao),突出(chu)(chu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)18米(mi)(mi)(mi)左右,開口(kou)向(xiang)左。 內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)門南(nan)(nan)部城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)基可(ke)以看到(dao)河卵(luan)石,可(ke)以看到(dao)一層(ceng)層(ceng)夯層(ceng)窩(wo)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)基是先敷石塊(kuai)和(he)河卵(luan)石,然后每隔10-20厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)為(wei)(wei)一個壘(lei)垛夯層(ceng)直至城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)頂。西(xi)面護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕寬13米(mi)(mi)(mi),深(shen)2米(mi)(mi)(mi)左右。
2014年,吉林省(sheng)文物考(kao)古研究所在蘇密城(cheng)外城(cheng)南部發掘25個(ge)灰坑遺(yi)跡和1處渤(bo)海國時(shi)期(qi)建筑,以黃黏土(tu)和黑黃花土(tu)夯(hang)(hang)筑,臺(tai)基南北約(yue)35米(mi)(mi)(mi),東西寬約(yue)28米(mi)(mi)(mi),整個(ge)夯(hang)(hang)土(tu)臺(tai)基規模約(yue)為邊長(chang)35米(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)正方形,磉(sang)堆(dui)直徑1-1.5米(mi)(mi)(mi),同排(pai)(pai)磉(sang)堆(dui)中心間(jian)距約(yue)3.3米(mi)(mi)(mi),排(pai)(pai)間(jian)距近4.5米(mi)(mi)(mi),存磉(sang)堆(dui)8個(ge),磉(sang)堆(dui)北側有長(chang)約(yue)6米(mi)(mi)(mi)夯(hang)(hang)土(tu)臺(tai)基,臺(tai)基東側出(chu)土(tu)大量渤(bo)海國時(shi)期(qi)建筑灰陶(tao)瓦、瓦當、獸頭、鴟(chi)尾等建筑構(gou)件,10余塊礎(chu)石,300余件陶(tao)塑佛像殘(can)塊。
蘇密城(cheng)(cheng)不但(dan)是(shi)(shi)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)渤(bo)(bo)(bo)海文明、渤(bo)(bo)(bo)海城(cheng)(cheng)市發展軌跡的(de)重要(yao)線(xian)索和實證,同時也(ye)是(shi)(shi)渤(bo)(bo)(bo)海國(guo)與唐(tang)(tang)朝在政治、經濟、文化等諸方面相互交(jiao)流(liu)的(de)重要(yao)歷史(shi)見證。尤其(qi)對渤(bo)(bo)(bo)海國(guo)的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)市發展史(shi)、建筑史(shi)等領域的(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),具有特殊的(de)學術研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)價值(zhi)。蘇密城(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)(shi)渤(bo)(bo)(bo)海國(guo)與唐(tang)(tang)王朝之(zhi)(zhi)間陸(lu)路交(jiao)通樞紐,被稱為渤(bo)(bo)(bo)海去(qu)唐(tang)(tang)、唐(tang)(tang)往渤(bo)(bo)(bo)海的(de)陸(lu)上(shang)東方絲綢(chou)之(zhi)(zhi)路,具有很高(gao)的(de)歷史(shi)、文化、科學研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)價值(zhi)。
1961年(nian)4月13日,蘇密城被(bei)吉林(lin)省人民(min)政府公布為(wei)省級(ji)重點(dian)文物保護單位。
2006年5月25日,蘇密城被中華(hua)人民共和(he)國國務院公布為(wei)第六批(pi)全國重(zhong)點文物保(bao)護單位(wei)。
2007年6月,吉林省人民政府設立保護范圍(wei):為(wei)蘇密(mi)城(cheng)城(cheng)址本(ben)體(ti)以外城(cheng)墻基以外10米;建設控制地(di)帶:為(wei)保護范圍(wei)以外100米。
唐(tang)玄宗(zong)開元(yuan)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(713年(nian)(nian)),粟(su)末首級大(da)祚(zuo)榮受唐(tang)冊封為左驍衛(wei)大(da)將軍(jun)、忽汗州(zhou)都督、渤海郡(jun)王(wang),后(hou)人專稱其為渤海,“渤海國”名稱由(you)此而來(lai)。其子(zi)孫(sun)因襲唐(tang)朝典制,傳至十(shi)一世(shi)大(da)仁秀、十(shi)二(er)世(shi)大(da)彝尊(zun)(835年(nian)(nian))在轄境內完成(cheng)五(wu)京(jing)十(shi)五(wu)府(fu)(fu)六十(shi)二(er)州(zhou)一百余縣的建置,成(cheng)為遼東盛國。輝發河(he)故道(dao)南(nan)岸的蘇(su)密(mi)甸(dian)(dian)子(zi)(粟(su)末的音(yin)轉(zhuan))系(xi)沖積盆(pen)地,平坦開闊(kuo),近(jin)山傍水,“為水陸之要沖”,境東有綿(mian)亙四十(shi)余里的張(zhang)廣才嶺(ling)為屏障,渤海國在此設長(chang)嶺(ling)府(fu)(fu)治,領瑕、河(he)二(er)州(zhou),建有具備(bei)府(fu)(fu)治規(gui)模的蘇(su)密(mi)城(即(ji)那丹佛勒城),是當時營(ying)州(zhou)道(dao)上的重鎮。樺甸(dian)(dian)即(ji)渤海王(wang)朝長(chang)嶺(ling)府(fu)(fu)屬地。