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牡丹江邊墻
0 票數:0 #人文景觀建筑#
牡丹江邊墻,始建時間推測為唐朝,位于黑龍江省牡丹江市與海林縣東北部的交界處之間。東西兩端隨山體呈東西走向,中間跨溝越谷,為東南、西北走向,基本位置在東徑130°,北緯45°之間。2006年5月25日,牡丹江邊墻被中華人民共和國國務院公布為第六批全國重點文物保護單位。
  • 所在地/隸屬: 黑龍(long)江省牡(mu)丹江市寧(ning)安市
  • 文物保護單位: 國家(jia)級(ji)第(di)六批(唐至金)
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歷史沿革

高王大祚榮建立震(zhen)國(guo)至正式受(shou)唐朝冊封期(qi)間(698-713年(nian)),修筑鏡泊(bo)湖段邊(bian)墻。

武王大(da)武藝(yi)“北擊黑水(shui)”期(qi)間(726-732年),修(xiu)筑(zhu)牡(mu)丹江段邊墻和江東段邊墻。

民國十(shi)三年(1924年),《寧安縣志》卷三·古跡(ji)·古城(cheng)條記載:“登此古城(cheng)(城(cheng)墻砬子山城(cheng))瞻望湖(hu)之南岸(實為東岸),有邊墻一道,高(gao)約5尺(chi)余,直達延吉,不詳其(qi)里數,蓋遼(liao)金防戍之具重(zhong)邊堡,如江省洮兒(er)河迤北(bei)現存之泰州堡即其(qi)例也。”

1964年春,黑(hei)龍江省博物館工作人員調查鏡泊湖段邊墻(qiang)。

1979年(nian)7月,牡丹江市文(wen)物(wu)管(guan)理站發現牡丹江段邊墻。

1982年夏,黑龍江省文物考古工作(zuo)隊復(fu)查了鏡(jing)泊湖段邊墻。

1984年(nian)4月,牡丹江市文(wen)物管理站完成了(le)牡丹江段邊(bian)墻的全程(cheng)調查。

1992年,牡(mu)丹江市文物管理(li)站、寧安市文物管理(li)所(suo)發(fa)現(xian)江東段邊(bian)墻(qiang)。

2007年,牡丹(dan)江市成立長城資(zi)源調查領導(dao)小組,領導(dao)小組下(xia)設(she)辦公室(shi),地點(dian)設(she)在牡丹(dan)江市文物管理站(zhan)。

2008-2010年(nian),牡(mu)丹(dan)江(jiang)市文物管理站完成(cheng)對(dui)牡(mu)丹(dan)江(jiang)市境內多段邊墻的(de)田野調查。

注(zhu):牡丹江(jiang)邊墻修筑(zhu)的(de)年(nian)代,推(tui)測(ce)其(qi)修筑(zhu)年(nian)代“應與文王(wang)徙都(dou)上京的(de)時間(jian)大致相當,至遲不晚于文王(wang)徙東(dong)京(琿春八連城(cheng)城(cheng)址)之后”。

遺址特點

結構

牡丹(dan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)邊墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)位于黑龍江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)省牡丹(dan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)市(shi)與(yu)海林縣東(dong)(dong)北部的(de)(de)交界處之間。東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)兩端隨山體(ti)呈東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)走向(xiang)(xiang),中間跨(kua)溝越(yue)谷(gu),為東(dong)(dong)南、西(xi)(xi)北走向(xiang)(xiang),基(ji)本位置在東(dong)(dong)徑(jing)130°,北緯45°之間。牡丹(dan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)邊墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),由三段(duan)(duan)不連續的(de)(de)邊墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)構成,分(fen)布于牡丹(dan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)市(shi)愛(ai)民(min)區和(he)寧安市(shi)境內的(de)(de)山地中。自(zi)北向(xiang)(xiang)南依次為牡丹(dan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)段(duan)(duan)邊墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)長(chang)(chang)38.629千(qian)米、江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)東(dong)(dong)段(duan)(duan)邊墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)長(chang)(chang)22.394千(qian)米、鏡泊湖段(duan)(duan)邊墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)長(chang)(chang)4.996千(qian)米,三段(duan)(duan)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)整體(ti)皆呈東(dong)(dong)南-西(xi)(xi)北走向(xiang)(xiang),全(quan)長(chang)(chang)66.019千(qian)米。牡丹(dan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)邊墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)依據防御方向(xiang)(xiang)外觀(guan)構筑墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)的(de)(de)材質(zhi)確定(ding)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)外觀(guan),分(fen)土墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、石墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、山險墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、山險四類(lei)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)。

特點

牡丹江邊墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),三段(duan)邊墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)修筑方式均為就地取材(cai),在(zai)充分(fen)體(ti)(ti)(ti)現順(shun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)勢、依地形(xing)(xing)、地貌特(te)(te)(te)點的(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi),墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)上(shang)(shang)出現的(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)凸(tu)圓(yuan)(yuan)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)形(xing)(xing)、外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)凸(tu)“舌”狀、外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)凸(tu)尖(jian)角狀、內(nei)(nei)凹狀的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)(te)征頗具(ju)特(te)(te)(te)點。整段(duan)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)向外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)側(ce)凸(tu)出,具(ju)有(you)(you)防御功能。外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)凸(tu)圓(yuan)(yuan)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)形(xing)(xing)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)和外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)凸(tu)“舌”狀墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)弧(hu)(hu)(hu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)側(ce)、大多數(shu)有(you)(you)取土(tu)(tu)平(ping)臺,平(ping)臺基(ji)本與弧(hu)(hu)(hu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)形(xing)(xing)制一(yi)致;墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)(nei)側(ce)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脊(ji)高于墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de),山(shan)(shan)(shan)脊(ji)基(ji)本呈漫圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)或(huo)橢(tuo)(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing),墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)在(zai)此處沿(yan)著(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脊(ji)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)緣繞過,站在(zai)這(zhe)些(xie)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脊(ji)上(shang)(shang),墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)側(ce)山(shan)(shan)(shan)勢一(yi)覽無余,可起到崗樓(lou)或(huo)敵臺的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)。內(nei)(nei)凹形(xing)(xing)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)多數(shu)內(nei)(nei)壁砌石(shi),和有(you)(you)內(nei)(nei)壁砌石(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)段(duan)都出現比較平(ping)緩的(de)(de)(de)(de)谷底或(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)山(shan)(shan)(shan)坡上(shang)(shang),這(zhe)些(xie)地段(duan)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)壁砌石(shi)有(you)(you)護(hu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功能。鏡(jing)泊湖段(duan)邊墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)馬面(mian)立(li)面(mian)整體(ti)(ti)(ti)呈橢(tuo)(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)狀向外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)側(ce)凸(tu)出,頂(ding)(ding)(ding)部均有(you)(you)大小不一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)臺面(mian)。

文物遺存

土墻

牡(mu)丹江邊墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),土(tu)(tu)(tu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)順(shun)山(shan)勢在自(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)就地取(qu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)堆(dui)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),土(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)為黃褐(he)山(shan)砂土(tu)(tu)(tu),部(bu)分墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)段(duan)保存有(you)取(qu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)跡象。墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)上(shang)窄下(xia)寬(kuan),剖面呈梯形,斷面處(chu)未(wei)見夯層。在連(lian)接兩側(ce)山(shan)峰的(de)“U”形山(shan)口(kou)處(chu),山(shan)口(kou)底(di)部(bu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)高,墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)順(shun)山(shan)坡(po)向東西兩側(ce)山(shan)峰延伸(shen),逐漸變矮,直至(zhi)消失。局部(bu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)內側(ce)有(you)砌石,具有(you)阻水作用(yong)。根據墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)結構(gou)特(te)征可分為四種(zhong)類型。在自(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)直接堆(dui)土(tu)(tu)(tu)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),不見遺跡現象。在自(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)堆(dui)土(tu)(tu)(tu)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)內側(ce)用(yong)石塊砌筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)壁(bi),局部(bu)段(duan)落砌石時(shi)斷時(shi)續。在自(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)堆(dui)土(tu)(tu)(tu)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)外(wai)側(ce)底(di)部(bu)有(you)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)時(shi)形成(cheng)的(de)緊臨(lin)(lin)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti),并(bing)且(qie)與(yu)(yu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)行(xing)呈“U”形的(de)取(qu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)溝(gou)。在自(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)堆(dui)土(tu)(tu)(tu)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)外(wai)側(ce)底(di)部(bu)有(you)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)時(shi)形成(cheng)的(de)緊臨(lin)(lin)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti),并(bing)且(qie)與(yu)(yu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)行(xing)的(de)取(qu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺。根據修(xiu)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)細節的(de)不同有(you)三種(zhong)情況(kuang)(kuang)。第一種(zhong)情況(kuang)(kuang)是(shi)取(qu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺緊臨(lin)(lin)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)并(bing)且(qie)與(yu)(yu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)行(xing)。第二種(zhong)情況(kuang)(kuang)是(shi)取(qu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺形狀(zhuang)與(yu)(yu)弧形墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)外(wai)側(ce)底(di)部(bu)弧形一致,平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺由(you)弧頂逐漸貼近(jin)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti),最后與(yu)(yu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)重(zhong)合。第三種(zhong)情況(kuang)(kuang)是(shi)取(qu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺緊臨(lin)(lin)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)并(bing)且(qie)與(yu)(yu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)行(xing),墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)內側(ce)底(di)部(bu)有(you)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)時(shi)形成(cheng)的(de)緊臨(lin)(lin)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)的(de)取(qu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)溝(gou)。

石墻

牡(mu)丹江邊墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)山體(ti)(ti)為(wei)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)其(qi)上(shang)(shang)直(zhi)接用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)大小不一的自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)毛石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)或(huo)(huo)較(jiao)規整石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)塊砌(qi)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)。局部(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)山脊(ji)(ji)豁口(kou)或(huo)(huo)低(di)洼處砌(qi)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)基(ji)(ji),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)基(ji)(ji)上(shang)(shang)再砌(qi)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)。基(ji)(ji)礎(chu):根據修(xiu)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)的方式(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)材(cai)質(zhi)分(fen)三種(zhong)(zhong)類型(xing)(xing)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)山脊(ji)(ji)頂部(bu)(bu)(bu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)砬子豁口(kou)和(he)(he)山體(ti)(ti)低(di)洼處,先用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)塊砌(qi)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu),將豁口(kou)或(huo)(huo)低(di)洼處補平,后在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)其(qi)上(shang)(shang)壘砌(qi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)狹長的自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)山脊(ji)(ji)頂部(bu)(bu)(bu),先用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)塊壘砌(qi)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)基(ji)(ji),將山脊(ji)(ji)補平,后在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)基(ji)(ji)頂部(bu)(bu)(bu)外側(ce)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)向(xiang)上(shang)(shang)壘砌(qi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)。墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)外側(ce)與墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)基(ji)(ji)平齊(qi)(qi)或(huo)(huo)略縮回一點,可(ke)通行或(huo)(huo)站人(ren)瞭(liao)望(wang)(wang)和(he)(he)射擊。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)緩慢上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)的山脊(ji)(ji)北坡自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)地(di)面直(zhi)接取土(tu)堆筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)土(tu)基(ji)(ji),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)土(tu)基(ji)(ji)上(shang)(shang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)塊砌(qi)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)。特征:大部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)毛石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)干插(cha)砌(qi)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),局部(bu)(bu)(bu)土(tu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)混(hun)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。按結(jie)構特征分(fen)四種(zhong)(zhong)類型(xing)(xing)。使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)塊干插(cha)砌(qi)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)中(zhong)不夾(jia)土(tu),分(fen)兩(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)方式(shi)(shi)(shi),第一種(zhong)(zhong)方式(shi)(shi)(shi)兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)壁(bi)(bi)豎直(zhi),無(wu)收(shou)分(fen);第二(er)種(zhong)(zhong)方式(shi)(shi)(shi)兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)壁(bi)(bi)略有收(shou)分(fen),約(yue)為(wei)4°。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)較(jiao)大自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)塊砌(qi)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti),兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)壁(bi)(bi)略有收(shou)分(fen),約(yue)為(wei)4°,采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)山砂土(tu)墊層。土(tu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)混(hun)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。護坡式(shi)(shi)(shi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)較(jiao)規則(ze)的自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)塊在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)山脊(ji)(ji)外側(ce)砌(qi)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),僅能看(kan)到石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)頂部(bu)(bu)(bu)及(ji)外壁(bi)(bi),石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)中(zhong)不夾(jia)泥土(tu)。特殊結(jie)構墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti):石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)臺(tai):第一種(zhong)(zhong)是墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)內(nei)側(ce)人(ren)工(gong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)塊砌(qi)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的平臺(tai)。第二(er)種(zhong)(zhong)是與墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)頂部(bu)(bu)(bu)平齊(qi)(qi)。第三種(zhong)(zhong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)臺(tai)低(di)于墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)。“L”形墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti):墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)修(xiu)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)有兩(liang)(liang)處凹槽,開口(kou)朝向(xiang)內(nei)側(ce)。瞭(liao)望(wang)(wang)孔:內(nei)口(kou)大,外口(kou)小,內(nei)口(kou)寬。

山險墻

牡丹江邊墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)險墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)利(li)用自然山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)為(wei)基(ji)(ji)礎,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)部(bu)人(ren)為(wei)略(lve)(lve)加(jia)(jia)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)整(zheng)或在(zai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)外側(ce)削(xue)(xue)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)筑(zhu)(zhu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)。根據墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)結構形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)可(ke)(ke)分(fen)為(wei)兩種(zhong)類型。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)部(bu)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)略(lve)(lve)加(jia)(jia)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)整(zheng),外側(ce)順山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)側(ce)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脊(ji)(ji)(ji)高(gao)出墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)部(bu)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)略(lve)(lve)加(jia)(jia)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)整(zheng),外壁削(xue)(xue)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)筑(zhu)(zhu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)。順山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)修(xiu)筑(zhu)(zhu)于山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脊(ji)(ji)(ji)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)部(bu)外側(ce)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)坡(po)和山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脊(ji)(ji)(ji)拐角(jiao)外。根據削(xue)(xue)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)筑(zhu)(zhu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法可(ke)(ke)分(fen)為(wei)三種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)。第一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi):墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)在(zai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脊(ji)(ji)(ji)外側(ce)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)坡(po)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脊(ji)(ji)(ji)拐角(jiao)外側(ce)削(xue)(xue)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)筑(zhu)(zhu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),底(di)部(bu)鏟成(cheng)(cheng)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺,形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)與(yu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)弧(hu)(hu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)基(ji)(ji)本一(yi)(yi)致,弧(hu)(hu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)處(chu)寬,兩側(ce)略(lve)(lve)窄,平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺由弧(hu)(hu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)逐(zhu)漸貼(tie)近墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),最后與(yu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重合。第二種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi):在(zai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脊(ji)(ji)(ji)外側(ce)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)坡(po)削(xue)(xue)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)筑(zhu)(zhu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)段落呈弧(hu)(hu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),頂(ding)(ding)(ding)部(bu)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)略(lve)(lve)加(jia)(jia)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)整(zheng),外側(ce)底(di)部(bu)鏟成(cheng)(cheng)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺,形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)與(yu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)弧(hu)(hu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)基(ji)(ji)本一(yi)(yi)致,弧(hu)(hu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)處(chu)寬,兩側(ce)略(lve)(lve)窄,內(nei)側(ce)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脊(ji)(ji)(ji)高(gao)出墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。第三種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi):在(zai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脊(ji)(ji)(ji)外側(ce)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)坡(po)削(xue)(xue)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)筑(zhu)(zhu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),頂(ding)(ding)(ding)部(bu)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)略(lve)(lve)加(jia)(jia)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)整(zheng),外側(ce)底(di)部(bu)無平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺,與(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)坡(po)略(lve)(lve)有(you)角(jiao)度。4.功能(neng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti):為(wei)增強防御功能(neng),依地勢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)局(ju)部(bu)修(xiu)筑(zhu)(zhu)成(cheng)(cheng)類似(si)馬(ma)面的(de)功能(neng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),主(zhu)要有(you)四種(zhong)類型。圓弧(hu)(hu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti):墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)順山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)修(xiu)筑(zhu)(zhu),遇渾圓山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)外坡(po)筑(zhu)(zhu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),將山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)包裹起(qi)來形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)圓弧(hu)(hu)狀(zhuang)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。舌形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti):墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)順山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脊(ji)(ji)(ji)外坡(po)修(xiu)筑(zhu)(zhu),形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)舌狀(zhuang)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。尖(jian)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)順山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脊(ji)(ji)(ji)外緣修(xiu)筑(zhu)(zhu),形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)尖(jian)角(jiao)狀(zhuang)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),內(nei)側(ce)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脊(ji)(ji)(ji)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)高(gao)于墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。內(nei)凹形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)順山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)勢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)修(xiu)筑(zhu)(zhu),形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)凹向內(nei)側(ce)的(de)弧(hu)(hu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。

單體建筑

牡丹江邊墻(qiang),在鏡泊(bo)湖段(duan)邊墻(qiang)外(wai)(wai)(wai)側修(xiu)筑(zhu)有38座典(dian)型(xing)馬(ma)面(mian),是以自(zi)然原生地(di)面(mian)為基礎,在墻(qiang)體(ti)外(wai)(wai)(wai)側順山勢(shi)人工堆土修(xiu)筑(zhu)。馬(ma)面(mian)平面(mian)略(lve)(lve)呈(cheng)(cheng)長方形(xing)(xing),底部(bu)寬大,至頂端(duan)逐漸內收呈(cheng)(cheng)圓弧形(xing)(xing),并依附墻(qiang)體(ti)向外(wai)(wai)(wai)突出。馬(ma)面(mian)頂部(bu)臺面(mian)覆壓在墻(qiang)體(ti)之(zhi)上,略(lve)(lve)呈(cheng)(cheng)橢圓形(xing)(xing),高于墻(qiang)體(ti)。

研究價值

牡丹江邊(bian)墻對唐(tang)(tang)代(dai)(dai)渤海國(guo)的(de)穩(wen)定、發(fa)展(zhan)和開疆擴(kuo)土起到(dao)了(le)(le)至(zhi)關重要的(de)作用。三(san)段(duan)邊(bian)墻的(de)存(cun)在(zai)對研究(jiu)唐(tang)(tang)代(dai)(dai)東北(bei)(bei)地(di)方(fang)(fang)政權(quan)的(de)軍事防御構成、特點、形制、工事、體系等方(fang)(fang)面,提(ti)供了(le)(le)寶貴的(de)實(shi)物資(zi)料(liao);也為研究(jiu)唐(tang)(tang)代(dai)(dai)東北(bei)(bei)少(shao)(shao)數(shu)民族(zu)地(di)方(fang)(fang)政權(quan)的(de)戰爭、發(fa)展(zhan)、民族(zu)融(rong)合(he)、政權(quan)演(yan)變(bian)(bian)乃(nai)至(zhi)唐(tang)(tang)代(dai)(dai)東北(bei)(bei)少(shao)(shao)數(shu)民族(zu)發(fa)展(zhan)變(bian)(bian)化的(de)歷(li)史,提(ti)供了(le)(le)珍貴的(de)實(shi)物資(zi)料(liao)。牡丹江邊(bian)墻的(de)存(cun)在(zai)和發(fa)現,為研究(jiu)中國(guo)唐(tang)(tang)代(dai)(dai)東北(bei)(bei)邊(bian)疆少(shao)(shao)數(shu)民族(zu)考古工作提(ti)供了(le)(le)不可多得的(de)實(shi)物證據。

保護措施

1981年,城墻(qiang)砬(la)子山城被(bei)公布為黑龍江(jiang)省(sheng)文物保護單位。

2005年(nian),重唇(chun)河山城被公(gong)布(bu)為黑(hei)龍江省(sheng)文物保護單位(wei)。

2006年5月25日(ri),“牡(mu)丹江邊墻(qiang)”被中(zhong)華人(ren)民共和國(guo)國(guo)務院公(gong)布為第六批全國(guo)重點文物保護單(dan)位。

歷史文化

691年(nian)-692年(nian),駐守營州的唐(tang)(tang)軍在(zai)唐(tang)(tang)將(jiang)李(li)多祚的帶(dai)領下擊敗黑(hei)水(shui)靺(mo)(mo)(mo)鞨部落聯(lian)(lian)盟,迫使(shi)黑(hei)水(shui)靺(mo)(mo)(mo)鞨勢(shi)力(li)(li)(li)回(hui)到三江(jiang)平原故地。但隨后的營州之亂,鎮守此地的唐(tang)(tang)將(jiang)李(li)多祚被調回(hui)鎮壓營州,使(shi)此地唐(tang)(tang)軍極為(wei)空虛(xu),黑(hei)水(shui)靺(mo)(mo)(mo)鞨部落聯(lian)(lian)盟重(zhong)新南下進行(xing)擴張(zhang),到大(da)祚榮建立震國(guo)時(shi),黑(hei)水(shui)靺(mo)(mo)(mo)鞨部落聯(lian)(lian)盟勢(shi)力(li)(li)(li)即使(shi)沒有擴張(zhang)到牡丹(dan)江(jiang)中下游地區,這一(yi)地帶(dai)有可(ke)能就(jiu)是此時(shi)震國(guo)北國(guo)界和(he)黑(hei)水(shui)靺(mo)(mo)(mo)鞨部落聯(lian)(lian)盟勢(shi)力(li)(li)(li)范圍之間的緩沖地帶(dai)。大(da)祚榮為(wei)解(jie)決黑(hei)水(shui)靺(mo)(mo)(mo)鞨部落聯(lian)(lian)盟南下擴張(zhang)帶(dai)來的壓力(li)(li)(li)與威脅,首選就(jiu)是在(zai)其北部國(guo)界線(xian)上(shang)修(xiu)筑(zhu)(zhu)防御工事,鏡泊(bo)湖段(duan)邊墻應在(zai)此時(shi)修(xiu)筑(zhu)(zhu)。正因為(wei)北方國(guo)境線(xian)上(shang)有軍事防御線(xian),致使(shi)初期震國(guo)渡過了危機,大(da)祚榮可(ke)以(yi)潛(qian)下心(xin)來發展國(guo)力(li)(li)(li),短(duan)短(duan)幾年(nian)使(shi)自己“編戶十余(yu)萬,勝兵(bing)數萬人”。

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