2010年9月(yue),為(wei)配合(he)鄭州南(nan)出口(kou)暨鄭新通道基本建(jian)設,經(jing)國(guo)家文物(wu)(wu)(wu)局批準(zhun),河南(nan)省文物(wu)(wu)(wu)局、鄭州市(shi)文物(wu)(wu)(wu)局組織鄭州市(shi)文物(wu)(wu)(wu)考(kao)古(gu)研究(jiu)院正式對望京樓遺址(zhi)遺址(zhi)進行考(kao)古(gu)發掘。
2010年9月(yue)至12月(yue),該院在對河南新鄭望京樓(lou)遺址考古發掘(jue)中(zhong),發現了夏(xia)代(dai)和商(shang)代(dai)兩座(zuo)城(cheng)址,并發現了外廓城(cheng),城(cheng)址總面積(ji)達168萬(wan)平(ping)方米。
2011年(nian)1月12日,鄭州(zhou)市文物考(kao)古(gu)研(yan)究(jiu)院對(dui)外公布了一(yi)項考(kao)古(gu)發(fa)現,這是中原地區繼(ji)鄭州(zhou)商(shang)城(cheng)、偃師(shi)二里頭、偃師(shi)商(shang)城(cheng)和滎陽(yang)大(da)(da)師(shi)姑等(deng)之后,在夏商(shang)大(da)(da)型(xing)城(cheng)址方面的(de)又(you)一(yi)重大(da)(da)發(fa)現,對(dui)我們(men)研(yan)究(jiu)中原地區早期城(cheng)市群(qun)的(de)發(fa)展演變和國家起源意義重大(da)(da)。
望京(jing)樓商代城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)保存(cun)較(jiao)為完整。城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)平面近方形,方向為北(bei)偏東(dong)15°。東(dong)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)長約590米(mi)(mi)、北(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)長約602米(mi)(mi)、南(nan)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)長約630米(mi)(mi)、西(xi)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)長約560米(mi)(mi),城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)寬(kuan)(kuan)度為10~20米(mi)(mi),整個城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)面積約為37萬平方米(mi)(mi)。 城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)外側為寬(kuan)(kuan)約15米(mi)(mi)的(de)護城(cheng)(cheng)河(he)。
東城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)偏(pian)南(nan)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門和道路(lu)(lu),整座(zuo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門占地2000平(ping)方米(mi),是目前(qian)(qian)我國發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)早期城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)規模大、形制完備的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門寬4.5米(mi),呈凹字(zi)形,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門兩側有立柱柱洞及附(fu)屬(shu)建(jian)筑(zhu)設施,從(cong)整個城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門的(de)結(jie)構來看,可謂是后(hou)期甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)雛形,這將(jiang)中(zhong)國甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)向前(qian)(qian)推到了商代前(qian)(qian)期。道路(lu)(lu)為(wei)(wei)東西(xi)走向,目前(qian)(qian)發(fa)掘(jue)長(chang)度為(wei)(wei)40米(mi),寬4~6米(mi)。在城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)南(nan)部(bu)(bu)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)大型夯(hang)土建(jian)筑(zhu)基址(zhi)(zhi)一處,目前(qian)(qian)發(fa)掘(jue)面(mian)積(ji)為(wei)(wei)900平(ping)方米(mi),為(wei)(wei)大型回廊式建(jian)筑(zhu),北部(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)主體建(jian)筑(zhu),西(xi)、南(nan)、東為(wei)(wei)配房,中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)庭院。
夏代(dai)城址(zhi)位(wei)于商代(dai)城址(zhi)外(wai)側,緊鄰商城外(wai)護(hu)城河。
目前已確定該城(cheng)址的東(dong)城(cheng)墻(qiang)及(ji)東(dong)南、東(dong)北城(cheng)墻(qiang)轉角,其中東(dong)城(cheng)墻(qiang)長625米(mi)。城(cheng)址平(ping)面亦(yi)為方形(xing),其護城(cheng)河(he)緊貼城(cheng)墻(qiang),寬約11米(mi)。
在(zai)距夏商(shang)城(cheng)址城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)東北(bei)(bei)角約300米(mi)處的馬垌村東北(bei)(bei)部及南部鉆探時發現(xian)有夯(hang)土(tu)城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang),城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)外(wai)(wai)為一條人工(gong)開(kai)鑿(zao)的壕溝(gou),為外(wai)(wai)廓城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)和護城(cheng)河。護城(cheng)河長約1100米(mi),寬6~25米(mi),深3~4米(mi),經(jing)重點勘(kan)探,其(qi)東接(jie)黃(huang)溝(gou)水(shui),西連黃(huang)水(shui)河。總體來(lai)看,望(wang)京(jing)樓遺址西、南有黃(huang)水(shui)河,東有黃(huang)溝(gou)水(shui),惟北(bei)(bei)邊與陸地相通,這樣(yang),外(wai)(wai)廓城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)、護城(cheng)河與黃(huang)水(shui)河、黃(huang)溝(gou)水(shui)一起形成一個(ge)封閉的城(cheng)圈,望(wang)京(jing)樓遺址的夏、商(shang)二城(cheng)均在(zai)這個(ge)大城(cheng)圈之內。
望京(jing)樓(lou)(lou)夏(xia)商(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)發現之后(hou),我國(guo)考(kao)古(gu)界專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)嚴文(wen)(wen)(wen)明先生(sheng)和(he)(he)李伯謙先生(sheng)聞訊即親臨現場(chang)進(jin)行(xing)實地(di)考(kao)察(cha),指出(chu)(chu)望京(jing)樓(lou)(lou)夏(xia)商(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為十分重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)的(de)(de)考(kao)古(gu)發現。鑒(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)望京(jing)樓(lou)(lou)夏(xia)商(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)發現意義重(zhong)(zhong)大(da),2011年1月5日,河南(nan)省文(wen)(wen)(wen)物局邀請國(guo)家(jia)(jia)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物局、北(bei)京(jing)大(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)、中國(guo)社會(hui)科學(xue)(xue)(xue)院考(kao)古(gu)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)所(suo)、首都(dou)(dou)師范大(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)、南(nan)京(jing)大(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)、山東大(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)等單位(wei)的(de)(de)夏(xia)商(shang)考(kao)古(gu)專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)在(zai)新(xin)(xin)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)召開“河南(nan)新(xin)(xin)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)望京(jing)樓(lou)(lou)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)論(lun)證會(hui)”。與會(hui)專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)聽取(qu)了(le)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)州市文(wen)(wen)(wen)物考(kao)古(gu)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)院對(dui)新(xin)(xin)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)望京(jing)樓(lou)(lou)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)發掘情況(kuang)的(de)(de)匯報,實地(di)考(kao)察(cha)了(le)發掘現場(chang)和(he)(he)出(chu)(chu)土文(wen)(wen)(wen)物標(biao)本(ben),并進(jin)行(xing)了(le)科學(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)討(tao)和(he)(he)論(lun)證。專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)們(men)指出(chu)(chu):望京(jing)樓(lou)(lou)夏(xia)代(dai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面積僅次于(yu)(yu)(yu)夏(xia)代(dai)都(dou)(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)偃師二里(li)頭,其(qi)(qi)(qi)面積之大(da)在(zai)夏(xia)代(dai)聚落中是(shi)極為罕見的(de)(de),初步推測其(qi)(qi)(qi)性質可(ke)能為夏(xia)之某一方(fang)國(guo)都(dou)(dou)邑;望京(jing)樓(lou)(lou)商(shang)代(dai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)繼(ji)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)州商(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、偃師商(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之后(hou)河南(nan)境內新(xin)(xin)發現的(de)(de)又一座(zuo)商(shang)代(dai)前期(qi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其(qi)(qi)(qi)規(gui)模雖遜于(yu)(yu)(yu)都(dou)(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),但遠大(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)他建于(yu)(yu)(yu)同時(shi)期(qi)的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),此可(ke)彰顯出(chu)(chu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)高等級的(de)(de)聚落地(di)位(wei)。望京(jing)樓(lou)(lou)商(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門設(she)施突出(chu)(chu)體現了(le)濃厚的(de)(de)軍事防(fang)御色彩,為我國(guo)較早形制(zhi)較為完備的(de)(de)甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。望京(jing)樓(lou)(lou)夏(xia)代(dai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)商(shang)代(dai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)同一地(di)點,對(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)探(tan)討(tao)夏(xia)商(shang)歷(li)史、夏(xia)代(dai)晚期(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化與商(shang)代(dai)早期(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化更替及中國(guo)早期(qi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池建設(she)等問題都(dou)(dou)具有(you)重(zhong)(zhong)要意義,是(shi)極為重(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)(de)考(kao)古(gu)新(xin)(xin)發現。