唐代睢陽城在明弘(hong)治(zhi)十(shi)五年(nian)(1502)時被淹,次年(nian)筑土圍城。
正德六年(nian)(1511)在舊城北(bei)重(zhong)(zhong)筑(zhu)新城,以元(yuan)代(dai)城墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)為(wei)(wei)南(nan)城墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)。嘉靖三十(shi)(shi)七年(nian)(1558)包(bao)磚建(jian)成。南(nan)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)長950.6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),北(bei)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)長993.4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)長1210米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),西(xi)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)長1201米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),周(zhou)(zhou)長4355米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。高(gao)6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),頂闊6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),址闊9米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。南(nan)為(wei)(wei)拱(gong)陽門(men)(men)(men),拱(gong)券式(shi)建(jian)筑(zhu),門(men)(men)(men)洞全(quan)長21米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),臺(tai)高(gao)8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。北(bei)為(wei)(wei)拱(gong)辰(chen)門(men)(men)(men),東為(wei)(wei)賓陽門(men)(men)(men),西(xi)為(wei)(wei)垤澤門(men)(men)(men)。門(men)(men)(men)上(shang)原皆有(you)(you)城門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou),1943年(nian)毀于(yu)炮(pao)火(huo)。現北(bei)城門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)與南(nan)城門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)均已(yi)修復(fu)(fu)。北(bei)門(men)(men)(men)城樓(lou)(lou)為(wei)(wei)歸德知府王有(you)(you)為(wei)(wei)于(yu)明嘉靖34年(nian)(1555年(nian))所建(jian),雙重(zhong)(zhong)檐、歇山式(shi),磚木結構,充分體現了明代(dai)北(bei)方的(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)特(te)色,既莊(zhuang)重(zhong)(zhong)典雅(ya),又雄偉壯觀(guan),1938年(nian)毀于(yu)戰(zhan)火(huo)。1991年(nian)2月,商丘縣(xian)人(ren)民政府號召捐修北(bei)門(men)(men)(men)城樓(lou)(lou),全(quan)縣(xian)人(ren)民積極(ji)響應,大力支持,捐資(zi)數十(shi)(shi)萬(wan)元(yuan),城樓(lou)(lou)于(yu)1991年(nian)6月施工(gong),歷時(shi)十(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)個月,于(yu)1992年(nian)5月竣工(gong),6月1日舉行了隆重(zhong)(zhong)的(de)落成儀式(shi)。南(nan)門(men)(men)(men)城樓(lou)(lou)于(yu)1999年(nian)進行修復(fu)(fu),為(wei)(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)檐歇山頂,面闊五(wu)間,進深四(si)間,下檐五(wu)踩(cai)(cai)斗栱,上(shang)檐三踩(cai)(cai)斗栱,屋面為(wei)(wei)灰色筒板瓦脊(ji)飾(shi)。四(si)門(men)(men)(men)之外(wai)原皆有(you)(you)甕城,每甕城各(ge)1座扭頭(tou)門(men)(men)(men),民國年(nian)間被拆(chai)除。城墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)四(si)面共有(you)(you)9座敵臺(tai),形制大小(xiao)不一(yi)(yi),西(xi)門(men)(men)(men)向南(nan)的(de)第一(yi)(yi)個馬面呈半圓(yuan)形建(jian)筑(zhu),其余皆呈凸出墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)外(wai)馬頭(tou)形。城墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)角各(ge)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)處(chu)角臺(tai),形制相(xiang)同(tong),大小(xiao)不等。城墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)上(shang)城垛口3600個。城墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)外(wai)3.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)為(wei)(wei)護(hu)城河,寬(kuan)處(chu)500米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),窄處(chu)25米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),水深1~5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),繞城一(yi)(yi)周(zhou)(zhou)。護(hu)城河外(wai)550米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu)的(de)護(hu)城土堤,周(zhou)(zhou)長9公里,基寬(kuan)20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),頂寬(kuan)7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),高(gao)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),明嘉靖十(shi)(shi)九年(nian)(1540)筑(zhu)成,今堤上(shang)果樹飄香(xiang)。
歸德府(fu),今商(shang)(shang)丘,曾用名睢陽,宋(song)(song)州,宋(song)(song)城,南(nan)京(jing)城,應(ying)天府(fu)等。宋(song)(song)代初商(shang)(shang)丘為應(ying)天府(fu),后改(gai)稱(cheng)南(nan)京(jing),作(zuo)為宋(song)(song)朝(chao)的陪(pei)都(dou)。
比較出名的稱呼是歸德府,歸德古城在商(shang)(shang)代就已基本成型,當時(shi)被稱為“亳(bo)”,帝嚳(ku)曾在商(shang)(shang)丘(qiu)建都(dou)(dou),其子閼(e)伯(bo)被封于商(shang)(shang)丘(qiu)任“火正”,負責管(guan)理火種、祭祀星辰。閼(e)伯(bo)第13世孫(sun)商(shang)(shang)湯伐桀滅夏,建立(li)商(shang)(shang)朝,定都(dou)(dou)亳(bo)(今商(shang)(shang)丘(qiu)),歷六世十帝。
目(mu)前的(de)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是明代(dai)遺留(liu)下來(lai),近代(dai)修葺(qi)的(de)。原城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外(wai)有一(yi)圈甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),但是已經(jing)被(bei)損壞,目(mu)前只剩一(yi)座城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外(wai)有圓(yuan)形護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河,古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)方(fang)形,正對古(gu)人天圓(yuan)地方(fang)之說(shuo),鳥瞰下來(lai)仿佛是枚(mei)銅錢(qian)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內多為(wei)明清(qing)風(feng)格建筑。