歷史變遷
關(guan)于該(gai)(gai)寺(si)的(de)建筑年(nian)(nian)(nian)代,據1995年(nian)(nian)(nian)出(chu)版的(de)新(xin)《蔚縣(xian)志)已被確認為(wei)遼(liao)代所(suo)建《大約在公元(yuan)卯丁年(nian)(nian)(nian)至公元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)),據民間傳說,當(dang)時宋、遼(liao)對(dui)(dui)峙(zhi),兩國連年(nian)(nian)(nian).征戰,遼(liao)國太(tai)子(zi)反(fan)對(dui)(dui)戰爭,憤而出(chu)家重(zhong)泰寺(si)。從有(you)確切的(de)文字記(ji)載(zai)看,從明(ming)朝弘治九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)1496年(nian)(nian)(nian))真慧(hui)和尚改建該(gai)(gai)寺(si),名為(wei)三圣(sheng)寺(si)「到明(ming)朝弘治十六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)卜(bu)03年(nian)(nian)(nian))又(you)經重(zhong)修,至嘉靖九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)卜(bu)30年(nian)(nian)(nian)),山西潞城王因(yin)避仇,曾駕幸該(gai)(gai)寺(si)個這段歷史有(you)待于進不(bu)步研究考證),經重(zhong)新(xin)整佑,一才賜名重(zhong)泰寺(si)。清(qing)光緒時,曾一度叫羅漢寺(si)。
建筑格局
重(zhong)泰寺(si)靜踞(ju)高丘,寺(si)東西(xi)有兩條(tiao)砂河環繞,民間(jian)有“二(er)(er)龍戲(xi)(xi)珠”和“龍播虎伏”之(zhi)說(shuo)。該寺(si)占(zhan)地面(mian)積六千五百(bai)八十(shi)平(ping)方米(mi),有殿(dian)宇房舍一酉二(er)(er)十(shi)間(jian),遠望樓,閣、殿(dian)、臺(tai)塔(ta)、舍,錯落有致,蒼松有態,甚是宏偉(wei)壯觀。重(zhong)泰寺(si)的(de)主要建(jian)筑(zhu)沿南(nan)北一條(tiao)縱軸(zhou)(zhou)線上扮布,東西(xi)橫軸(zhou)(zhou)線對稱排列。中軸(zhou)(zhou)線上共(gong)計入座建(jian)筑(zhu),從南(nan)至北依次為(wei)戲(xi)(xi)樓、山(shan)門彌勒殿(dian)、千佛(fo)殿(dian)、觀音殿(dian)、水陸殿(dian)、釋(shi)迎殿(dian)、三(san)(san)教樓。戲(xi)(xi)樓,座南(nan)朝北,面(mian)對山(shan)門,單(dan)槍(qiang)卷(juan)翻希(xi)瓦頂丁面(mian)寬三(san)(san)間(jian),進深二(er)(er)間(jian),六架(jia)梁。戲(xi)(xi)樓正南(nan)培壁上繪一疾走的(de)旗成,高二(er)(er)米(mi)有余,長四米(mi)多(duo)(duo),氣(qi)勢磅時(shi),東西(xi)山(shan)墻保存多(duo)(duo)處清(qing)代戲(xi)(xi)曲題壁,是研(yan)究梨園舞臺(tai)的(de)珍貴(gui)資料(liao)。昔日(ri)農歷重(zhong)月十(shi)五日(ri)廟會(hui)期(qi),極(ji)為(wei)熱鬧,好多(duo)(duo)戲(xi)(xi)班(ban),來此演(yan)戲(xi)(xi)。清(qing)朝光緒年(nian)間(jian),歸化城(即(ji)今呼和浩特)的(de)著名演(yan)員買賣黑曾登臺(tai)表(biao)演(yan)。
山(shan)(shan)門(men)座北朝(chao)南,座落(luo)在(zai)高干米的(de)(de)磚砌(qi)(qi)臺基上,單泊(bo)硬山(shan)(shan)市百頂,面(mian)寬(kuan)蘭間(jian)(jian),進(jin)深二閱,山(shan)(shan)門(men)拉.下(xia),有(you)石獅(shi)一對(dui),臉(lian)皆(jie)微(wei)向里側(ce),神態慈(ci)祥(xiang)呻顯(xian)威嚴。現石獅(shi)已被移人(ren)縣城(cheng)釋迎寺(si)。兩(liang)壁門(men)神秦叔(shu)新彩繪(hui),還新砌(qi)(qi)了一榴脊(ji) ,中(zhong)寶(bao)、尉、遲恭和茶舉(ju)托迦,羅枯(ku)者重(zhong)新彩繪(hui),還新砌(qi)(qi)了一溜花磚,中(zhong)吻塔兩(liang)側(ce),八仙(xian),其(qi)人(ren)才長(chang)小影,也能辨其(qi)為(wei)何仙(xian)。脊(ji)邊吻亦沉穩勝舊。人(ren)山(shan)(shan)門(men),院北正中(zhong)頭(tou)層(ceng)彌(mi)勒(le)殿(dian)殿(dian)前也有(you)雙(shuang)獅(shi)一對(dui)現已移山(shan)(shan)門(men)外,造(zao)型與原石獅(shi)大同小異。院內無別物(wu)東側(ce)有(you)蒼(cang)松(song)一株。彌(mi)勒(le)殿(dian)面(mian)闊三間(jian)(jian),進(jin)深二間(jian)(jian),殿(dian)內壁畫十八羅漢斗彌(mi)勒(le)極為(wei)生動悅目。掖門(men)兩(liang)廁為(wei)鐘(zhong)(zhong)樓,西(xi)為(wei)鼓樓,其(qi)頂用十字(zi)形(xing)大脊(ji)交叉(cha)組成,加上搪口角的(de)(de)新套獸,套獸下(xia)的(de)(de)新鑄鐵風(feng)鈴(現已丟失),小巧(qiao)玲嚨,當年雙(shuang)樓下(xia)設樓梯砌(qi)(qi)小炕,為(wei)值更僧所(suo)居(ju)。重(zhong)泰寺(si)的(de)(de)鐘(zhong)(zhong)聲(sheng)雖不及唐代(dai)張繼(ji)《楓橋夜泊(bo)》詩(shi)申肺提(ti)到的(de)(de)鐘(zhong)(zhong)聲(sheng)聞名,但(dan)其(qi)悠(you)遠(yuan)的(de)(de)音響,也是名揚蔚蘿山(shan)(shan)川。
清(qing)朝(chao)直臣、刑(xing)部尚(shang)書魏象樞(shu)(蔚州(zhou)人)大約(yue)在公元?年與廣(guang)東名人凌十齋、善(shan)草書的(de)江桂窿等(deng)人游覽了這所名剎i曾寫下了二首題為(wei)(wei)《游重泰寺(si)千同看五百鐵(tie)羅漢)的(de)七律詩,詩申末尾寫到'歸路茫茫春(chun)雨后,鐘(zhong)(zhong)聲(sheng)十里(li)人斜晾。可(ke)(ke)見(jian)其鐘(zhong)(zhong)聲(sheng)悠遠。據民(min)間(jian)傳說明伏有二武(wu)僧(seng),在此(ci)寺(si)燒(shao)香撞(zhuang)鐘(zhong)(zhong)后,又至前、后太(tai)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)寺(si)燒(shao)香,返回時音仍(reng)不絕(jue)。重泰寺(si)與后太(tai)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)寺(si)山躇二十里(li),鐘(zhong)(zhong)聲(sheng)猶聞,似有夸張之意,但可(ke)(ke)證(zheng)明鐘(zhong)(zhong)的(de)曹[5] ?質名不虛(xu)傳。二層殿(dian)為(wei)(wei)千佛(fo)(fo)(fo)殿(dian),此(ci)殿(dian)面闊三間(jian),進深(shen)二間(jian)。院(yuan)東為(wei)(wei)二郎廟(miao),三間(jian),進深(shen)廣(guang)間(jian)。院(yuan)西(xi)(xi)為(wei)(wei)關帝“期蘭郎廟(miao)”此(ci)廟(miao)除塑關羽像外,統為(wei)(wei)懸塑;懸山上盡(jin)塑三國(guo)故事,如南壁“虎牢關三英戰呂布”,北壁“蕾(lei)口川(chuan)水淹(yan)七軍”,極為(wei)(wei)生動傳神(shen)。千佛(fo)(fo)(fo)殿(dian)東側小院(yuan)為(wei)(wei)碑(bei)林,東西(xi)(xi)廊原(yuan)有康熙(xi)、雍正(zheng)、乾(qian)隆(long)、嘉慶、道(dao)光、同治年間(jian)立(li)碑(bei)十三通,現僅(jin)存碑(bei)座及壁渴一塊(kuai),此(ci)院(yuan)二短廊,一長廊.,布局緊湊。
三層為觀音殿(dian),面(mian)闊進深(shen)為一間(jian);殿(dian)內站觀昔高之米多,衣著(zhu)簡疏,肌理(li)細
膩,慈(ci)眉善眼,在纏(chan)枝寶相(xiang)花和蓮瓣佛座的映襯下,姿態(tai)端莊。此殿置于佛殿與(yu)水陸殿中。殿東側為羅(luo)(luo)漢殿,面闊五間,進深一間,過(guo)去殿內(nei)四壁懸山上(shang)、下、左、右共五百(bai)尊(zun);金光灼灼,形(xing)置銅色鐵佛;琳(lin)瑯(lang)滿(man)目,形(xing)象逼真,栩(xu)(xu)栩(xu)(xu)如生,真可(ke)謂鬼斧神(shen)工五百(bai)羅(luo)(luo)漢因隊伍龐大(da),耗資甚巨,所以(yi)帶羅(luo)(luo)漢殿的廟(miao),多為大(da)名剎。
現(xian)(xian)在(zai)全國保(bao)存最為完整(zheng)的五酉羅漢(han)堂一(yi)是(shi)(shi)北京西(xi)仙的碧云寺,二是(shi)(shi)杭州的靈隱寺。據說(shuo)昔日一(yi)個賣氈(zhan)帽(mao)的,留宿重(zhong)泰(tai)寺,由于數不(bu)甚(shen)數,即每(mei)干個羅漢(han)戴氈(zhan)帽(mao)一(yi)頂,可最終仍無準數極見(jian)一(yi)堂濟濟之狀。五百羅漢(han)在(zai)士龍年大(da)煉(lian)鋼鐵中化為爐渣,殘(can)留下一(yi)、三尊已不(bu)知所向。西(xi)側閻正(zheng)殿也是(shi)(shi)懸塑,造象工藝與關帝廟(miao)十(shi)樣(yang)精細。此殿南瞻下現(xian)(xian)存安徽桐城楊裕于道光二十(shi)九(jiu)年九(jiu)月(yue)攘碑一(yi)通,是(shi)(shi)研(yan)究該寺康熙前(qian)后(hou)歷史的重(zhong)要依據.
該寺四個(ge)配殿二(er)郎(lang)廟、關(guan)帝廟、羅漢殿、閻三殿皆為懸(xuan)山(shan)造像,此乃該寺的一大特色。
四(si)層殿(dian)為水(shui)陸殿(dian),它面(mian)漓(li)三(san)(san)間(jian),進(jin)深二間(jian),此(ci)殿(dian)壁(bi)畫保存(cun)完整,殿(dian)東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)側有(you)(you)(you)(you)藏經樓(lou),為明(ming)二暗「式樓(lou)閣。清代(dai)已(yi)塑像(xiang)其中(zhong),藏經樓(lou)就名(ming)不(bu)副實了,此(ci)殿(dian)東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)各設丁磚(zhuan)砌小(xiao)掖門(men),通間(jian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)院(yuan)釋(shi)(shi)(shi)迎殿(dian)。釋(shi)(shi)(shi)遮殿(dian),面(mian)闊三(san)(san)間(jian),進(jin)深三(san)(san)間(jian),內(nei)里方形(xing)(xing),為重泰寺(si)最(zui)大殿(dian)堂(tang),甚是寵偉、莊嚴(yan)。該(gai)殿(dian)單擅歇山頂五架(jia)(jia)梁,前(qian)抱卷棚廈四(si)架(jia)(jia)梁,通高也(ye)米,廈前(qian)臺(tai)(tai)階(jie)(jie)(jie)上(shang)三(san)(san)層縷空(kong)磚(zhuan)雕,龍(long)、鳳等,細膩傳神。椽頭(tou)均泥彩塑,鋪首(shou)環。該(gai)寺(si)墻(qiang)壁(bi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)出前(qian)收,前(qian)壁(bi)硬(ying)墻(qiang)直接屋(wu)面(mian),后(hou)(hou)(hou)壁(bi)硬(ying)墻(qiang)上(shang),皆(jie)(jie)以斗洪上(shang)托屋(wu)面(mian),為不(bu)使壁(bi)柱遭蟲矗,外墻(qiang)基隨柱數皆(jie)(jie)有(you)(you)(you)(you)¨大"字(zi)形(xing)(xing)鳳眼,且"大"字(zi)五個(ge)出頭(tou),皆(jie)(jie)巧妙造形(xing)(xing),可(ke)看出中(zhong)國古(gu)代(dai)勞動(dong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民的高度智慧。釋(shi)(shi)(shi)迦殿(dian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)有(you)(you)(you)(you)三(san)(san)教樓(lou),又名(ming)太(tai)子(zi)樓(lou)。樓(lou)正南原(yuan)置木梯,到光緒年間(jian)改建成二十二級磚(zhuan)砌臺(tai)(tai)階(jie)(jie)(jie)。臺(tai)(tai)階(jie)(jie)(jie)下巧設一(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)高孔(kong)道(dao)(dao),連(lian)東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)憎舍(she),從西(xi)(xi)(xi)舍(she)獨門(men)人(ren)(ren)(ren),穿階(jie)(jie)(jie)下孔(kong)道(dao)(dao)即(ji)至東(dong)舍(she)。臺(tai)(tai)上(shang)磚(zhuan)欄圍樓(lou),樓(lou)檐配高利寺(si)七十一(yi)羅老木工(gong)劉居(ju)的透雕飛龍(long)極為精(jing)細。正脊、邊脊張嘴獸、合(he)嘴獸,脊梢吻(wen)都重新(xin)砌過。樓(lou)內(nei)正壁(bi)正中(zhong)佛祖釋(shi)(shi)(shi)逝牟(mou)尼(ni)、孔(kong)子(zi)居(ju)左,老子(zi)居(ju)右,手中(zhong)均持圭牌侍者端盤分列(lie)其間(jian)。懦、釋(shi)(shi)(shi)、道(dao)(dao)由早期的水(shui)火(huo)不(bu)相容,發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)到三(san)(san)教合(he)一(yi),兼容兼蓄:最(zui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)竟(jing)薈萃一(yi)堂(tang),也(ye)是明(ming)清宗(zong)教發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的必(bi)然結果。東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)山墻(qiang)上(shang)繪白象投胎(tai)、樹下誕生,九龍(long)灑水(shui)、出游四(si)門(men)、逾城苦修"等佛教故事(shi),值(zhi)年久畫面(mian)顏色氧化多(duo)已(yi)還鉛。登樓(lou)依欄北望,囊凹連(lian)綿(mian)起伏(fu),南望全寺(si)景觀(guan)盡(jin)收眼底。;三(san)(san)教樓(lou)后(hou)(hou)(hou)有(you)(you)(you)(you)正屋(wu)九間(jian),還有(you)(you)(you)(you)釋(shi)(shi)(shi)逝殿(dian)兩側配房,昔皆(jie)(jie)住憎眾。東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)角(jiao)院(yuan),為方丈(zhang)(zhang),道(dao)(dao)長撣(dan)室(shi)。香(xiang)火(huo)最(zui)盛時,該(gai)專有(you)(you)(you)(you)萬丈(zhang)(zhang)、道(dao)(dao)長各一(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren),分僧道(dao)(dao)兩門(men)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)徒眾六十多(duo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。東(dong)角(jiao)院(yuan)前(qian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)庫房、餐(can)窒,寺(si)內(nei)二郎廟前(qian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)碾房,西(xi)(xi)(xi)角(jiao)院(yuan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)井,供方丈(zhang)(zhang)、住持、僧眾、游方憎、施主游人(ren)(ren)(ren)吃用。寺(si)西(xi)(xi)(xi)北有(you)(you)(you)(you)塔(ta)林,今僅存(cun)明(ming)嘉靖時靈骨塔(ta)一(yi)座(zuo),隔壑西(xi)(xi)(xi)去也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)(you)塔(ta)林,今無存(cun)。該(gai)寺(si)全部(bu)泥塑在"文革(ge)”中(zhong)毀于一(yi)旦(dan)。