簡介
蔚州(zhou)古城墻(qiang)古時非(fei)常有名,《萬歷野獲(huo)錄》記載(zai)“蔚州(zhou)城墻(qiang),相傳李克用(yong)所筑,無論精(jing)堅(jian),其甃(zhou)石光(guang)澤可以(yi)照面,赫連(lian)之統(tong)萬城不足道也(ye)”,今看到的城墻(qiang)是明朝修建(jian)的。
蔚州(zhou)古城(cheng)(cheng)始建(jian)于北周大象二(er)年,現存(cun)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)為(wei)(wei)明(ming)洪武十年重修,周七里(li)十三(san)(san)步(3800米,注:明(ming)承唐制,一(yi)里(li)為(wei)(wei)540米),高(gao)三(san)(san)丈(zhang)五(wu)尺(11.5米),下(xia)寬四丈(zhang)(13.3米),上(shang)寬二(er)丈(zhang)五(wu)尺(8.3米),堞高(gao)六尺(2米)。城(cheng)(cheng)門樓(lou)(lou)三(san)(san)座(zuo),角樓(lou)(lou)四座(zuo),敵(di)樓(lou)(lou)二(er)十四座(zuo),各五(wu)間高(gao)三(san)(san)層(ceng),垛口一(yi)千一(yi)百(bai)余(yu)。東門為(wei)(wei)安定門,樓(lou)(lou)為(wei)(wei)景(jing)陽樓(lou)(lou),南門為(wei)(wei)景(jing)仙門,樓(lou)(lou)為(wei)(wei)萬山樓(lou)(lou),西門為(wei)(wei)清(qing)遠門,樓(lou)(lou)為(wei)(wei)廣運樓(lou)(lou),三(san)(san)門外均建(jian)有高(gao)大雄(xiong)壯的甕城(cheng)(cheng)、月城(cheng)(cheng),月城(cheng)(cheng)上(shang)樓(lou)(lou)三(san)(san)座(zuo),各一(yi)間二(er)層(ceng)。
東(dong)關(guan)城周長二里(li)(li)二百一十步(bu)(1400米),門(men)四,東(dong)門(men)為(wei)東(dong)作(zuo)門(men),西(xi)門(men)為(wei)永寧門(men)。南關(guan)城周三里(li)(li)二百七十步(bu)(1700米),門(men)四,東(dong)門(men)為(wei)平安門(men),南門(men)為(wei)明庶門(men),北門(men)為(wei)永昌門(men)。西(xi)關(guan)城周長一里(li)(li)三百三十四步(bu)(1000米),門(men)四,東(dong)門(men)為(wei)永安門(men)”,北門(men)為(wei)鎮朔門(men)。
歷史背景
蔚(yu)縣(xian)歷史源遠(yuan)流長,古稱蔚(yu)州,又名(ming)(ming)蘿川,是(shi)古“燕云十六(liu)州”之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。蔚(yu)縣(xian)古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)始建(jian)(jian)于北(bei)(bei)周大(da)象二年,因古代(dai)蔚(yu)縣(xian)均(jun)屬(shu)于和北(bei)(bei)方少數名(ming)(ming)族爭取接壤的(de)(de)(de)地(di)段(duan),經多(duo)次戰亂,因此城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)歷經多(duo)年毀建(jian)(jian),至明(ming)代(dai),因為抵(di)御(yu)北(bei)(bei)方少數民族政(zheng)(zheng)權,于明(ming)代(dai)洪武(wu)十年重修的(de)(de)(de)蔚(yu)縣(xian)縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),將城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)大(da)修,今(jin)所見的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)即為明(ming)代(dai)遺存,蔚(yu)縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)是(shi)國(guo)內現存城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址中的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)座不是(shi)方圓建(jian)(jian)制的(de)(de)(de),而(er)是(shi)依地(di)勢建(jian)(jian)造的(de)(de)(de)不規則城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang),并且(qie)一(yi)(yi)反古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)四門(men)或九門(men)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)制,而(er)是(shi)在北(bei)(bei)方不建(jian)(jian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men),這是(shi)為了抵(di)御(yu)北(bei)(bei)方少數政(zheng)(zheng)權入侵,以便預留(liu)更多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)抵(di)御(yu)時間所建(jian)(jian),為其他(ta)地(di)區古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)所罕見之(zhi)處,是(shi)京西保(bao)存為完整的(de)(de)(de)、形制為特殊(shu)的(de)(de)(de)古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。