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柏人城遺址

該(gai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)鄰泜河(he)，三(san)面(mian)環崗(正南1.5公里(li)為(wei)木花崗，東南1.5公里(li)為(wei)光泰(tai)崗，西南2公里(li)為(wei)馬棚崗)，依山傍水，地勢險要，向(xiang)為(wei)歷代兵家(jia)必爭之(zhi)地。各(ge)(ge)崗上密布戰國(guo)、漢代古墓數千座。該(gai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)近方形，西北(bei)部(bu)(bu)為(wei)斜角。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)全(quan)長共8017米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)：其中東城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)2225米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，南城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)1915米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，西城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)1451米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，北(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)2426米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，占(zhan)地面(mian)積4平(ping)方公里(li)。東西城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的南半(ban)部(bu)(bu)及南城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)除部(bu)(bu)分(fen)地段有不(bu)同(tong)程度的破(po)壞外，大部(bu)(bu)分(fen)輪廓清晰，保存完好(hao)，占(zhan)總城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的五分(fen)之(zhi)三(san)，目前城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)平(ping)均殘(can)高2—6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)不(bu)等，高處7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，基寬(kuan)16.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，夯(hang)土筑就。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)夯(hang)土層(ceng)為(wei)10厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右，每高60厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)鋪有一層(ceng)栣木，栣木間距(ju)為(wei)30至(zhi)60厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)不(bu)等，其作用相當于現代建筑的鋼筋。該(gai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)共九門(men)：東、西各(ge)(ge)三(san)門(men)，南二門(men)，北(bei)一門(men)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)寬(kuan)約16.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河(he)距(ju)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，河(he)寬(kuan)18米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);中心宮殿建筑區在城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內中北(bei)部(bu)(bu)，南北(bei)寬(kuan)300米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，東西長1400米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，占(zhan)地面(mian)積42萬(wan)平(ping)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。柏人城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址是我國(guo)保存較好(hao)的古代大城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池之(zhi)一。

古文記載

據(ju)舊志(zhi)記(ji)載：“春秋周襄王17年，衛侯(hou)毀滅邢、并于衛，遂(sui)屬(shu)衛。28年晉(jin)文(wen)公伐衛取邢，又屬(shu)晉(jin)邑，乃(nai)為柏(bo)人(ren)(ren)。”由(you)此，柏(bo)人(ren)(ren)城(cheng)似晉(jin)文(wen)公時所建。到戰國，趙(zhao)王遷元(yuan)年又予以重修。該城(cheng)歷(li)史(shi)久遠，相傳(chuan)此地(di)是(shi)帝(di)堯建都(dou)的(de)地(di)方，在后來的(de)一些史(shi)籍上曾(ceng)說它是(shi)“柏(bo)人(ren)(ren)城(cheng)，堯之(zhi)都(dou)也”。據(ju)北齊《顏氏家訓(xun)》記(ji)載，在柏(bo)人(ren)(ren)城(cheng)西門內有一漢桓帝(di)時柏(bo)人(ren)(ren)縣民(min)為縣令徐整碑(bei)，石碑(bei)上銘文(wen)曰：“山有巏(quan)嵍，王喬(qiao)所仙。”《全唐詩(shi)話(hua)》中還有馬郁贈給韓(han)定辭的(de)一首詩(shi)：“邃林(lin)芳草綿綿思，盡日相攜陟麗譙。別后宣務山上望，羨君時復見王喬(qiao)。”可見這里是(shi)傳(chuan)說中的(de)柏(bo)人(ren)(ren)令王子喬(qiao)駕鶴升天之(zhi)地(di)。

據隆堯(yao)縣(xian)(xian)1999年修訂出版的《唐山縣(xian)(xian)志(zhi)》（注：金太宗完(wan)顏晟時期，隆堯(yao)稱唐山）記(ji)(ji)：《帝王世紀》、《城(cheng)冢記(ji)(ji)》、《大(da)明一統志(zhi)》皆云：“柏仁（人）城(cheng)，堯(yao)封唐侯所都之地(di)”，《唐山縣(xian)(xian)志(zhi)》記(ji)(ji)柏人城(cheng)：“春(chun)秋襄王十(shi)(shi)七年，紀侯毀于邢(xing)，并于紀，遂屬紀。”“二十(shi)(shi)八年晉(jin)文公伐紀取邢(xing)，又屬晉(jin)邑(yi)，乃為柏人。”

價值

柏人(ren)城(cheng)周圍崗上遍布戰(zhan)國及漢代(dai)古墓，該(gai)城(cheng)歷年(nian)出土遺物有(you)(you)陶器(qi)、瓷(ci)器(qi)、金屬器(qi)等(deng)，代(dai)表器(qi)物有(you)(you)該(gai)城(cheng)在戰(zhan)國時期所鑄“白(bai)人(ren)”刀幣和(he)刻有(you)(you)“柏人(ren)”的銘文戈(ge)。當(dang)時趙國只(zhi)有(you)(you)邯鄲和(he)柏人(ren)兩地(di)鑄造錢幣，足見當(dang)時柏人(ren)城(cheng)歷史地(di)位之(zhi)重要。

概述

柏(bo)人(ren)(ren)城(cheng)(cheng)由夯土建筑，北鄰(lin)泜（zhī）水(shui)，三面環(huan)崗，依(yi)山(shan)傍水(shui)，形勢險要，向來(lai)為歷代兵(bing)家所看重(zhong)。邢臺通(tong)史上“邢地(di)春秋(qiu)古城(cheng)(cheng)遺址”一節，記載了“柏(bo)人(ren)(ren)城(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)晉文(wen)公(gong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)初建”。戰國(guo)(guo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)，柏(bo)人(ren)(ren)城(cheng)(cheng)已發展成為北方(fang)趙國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)一個(ge)比較(jiao)繁榮昌盛的(de)(de)軍事重(zhong)鎮，那時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)候(hou)人(ren)(ren)口聚居(ju)，經濟(ji)得(de)到(dao)大(da)發展。這里遺有(you)商(shang)(shang)周時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)陶(tao)窯和(he)大(da)量陶(tao)器，城(cheng)(cheng)四周有(you)眾多戰國(guo)(guo)及漢代古墓，從(cong)墓葬中曾(ceng)經挖(wa)掘出不少陶(tao)罐銅(tong)鏡(jing)，銅(tong)帶勾(gou)、青銅(tong)劍(jian)、鐵(tie)劍(jian)以及戰國(guo)(guo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)錯金銅(tong)帶勾(gou)玉(yu)璧、瑪瑙(nao)飾件等。近年(nian)，在(zai)柏(bo)人(ren)(ren)城(cheng)(cheng)址還發現了戰國(guo)(guo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)流行(xing)的(de)(de)銅(tong)質“刀(dao)幣(bi)”，刀(dao)幣(bi)上鑄有(you)“白（通(tong)柏(bo)）人(ren)(ren)”字(zi)樣。據專(zhuan)家考(kao)證，當時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)趙國(guo)(guo)只有(you)邯鄲和(he)柏(bo)人(ren)(ren)兩個(ge)地(di)方(fang)鑄銅(tong)錢。這是(shi)戰國(guo)(guo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)柏(bo)人(ren)(ren)城(cheng)(cheng)經濟(ji)繁榮、商(shang)(shang)業發達的(de)(de)重(zhong)要標志。

戰爭

古柏(bo)(bo)(bo)人(ren)一(yi)帶(dai)(dai)，歷史(shi)上曾發(fa)生(sheng)過(guo)數次戰爭(zheng)。據史(shi)料記(ji)載：公(gong)元前491年，晉卿趙氏與中(zhong)行氏、范氏等發(fa)生(sheng)內戰，中(zhong)行文子(zi)曾逃至柏(bo)(bo)(bo)人(ren)，趙簡子(zi)遂圍柏(bo)(bo)(bo)人(ren)。漢(han)(han)高(gao)祖8年（公(gong)元前199年），劉邦(bang)過(guo)柏(bo)(bo)(bo)人(ren)，怕被人(ren)行刺，未留宿西(xi)去，使(shi)趙相貫高(gao)等人(ren)的陰謀未能得逞。公(gong)元24年，后漢(han)(han)光(guang)武帝(di)劉秀創(chuang)業時，曾在(zai)柏(bo)(bo)(bo)人(ren)城(cheng)外大敗王郎大獎(jiang)李(li)育。柏(bo)(bo)(bo)人(ren)城(cheng)成為漢(han)(han)武帝(di)在(zai)河北(bei)一(yi)帶(dai)(dai)的重要軍(jun)事堡壘。西(xi)晉末年，羯族（匈奴(nu)的一(yi)個分支）人(ren)石勒率兵襲晉將(jiang)王浚占(zhan)領柏(bo)(bo)(bo)人(ren)城(cheng)，大破晉軍(jun)。此役為爾后石勒在(zai)古襄國（邢臺市）稱帝(di)奠定了基(ji)礎。

歷史

西漢時(shi)柏(bo)人城(cheng)為縣(xian)級(ji)行政首府，北魏時(shi)曾易名“柏(bo)仁(ren)”城(cheng)。唐天寶元年(nian)（742年(nian)），因遭水患，城(cheng)被水淹，縣(xian)治東遷堯城(cheng)鎮，遂更名為堯山縣(xian)，歷時(shi)948年(nian)的古柏(bo)仁(ren)城(cheng)廢(fei)，始稱亦城(cheng)。時(shi)隔千余(yu)載，古柏(bo)城(cheng)雖(sui)廢(fei)，但(dan)它的遺跡(ji)猶存，昔日古城(cheng)垣依(yi)稀可見(jian)，眾多出土文物仍指(zhi)點人們去(qu)追溯古城(cheng)的歷史(shi)足(zu)跡(ji)。