倉(cang)儲區的入口(kou)原是一座三門木(mu)門樓,現(xian)遺(yi)存有(you)痕跡(ji),在(zai)西(xi)倉(cang)和北倉(cang)之間(jian)原有(you)一座碑亭;在(zai)西(xi)倉(cang)和原東倉(cang)間(jian)用圍(wei)墻(qiang)圍(wei)護(hu),圍(wei)墻(qiang)中(zhong)間(jian)開建一垂花門,現(xian)已(yi)無(wu)存。
深(shen)州義(yi)倉為(wei)磚木結(jie)構(gou)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),瓦頂為(wei)硬(ying)山式陰陽合瓦布(bu)瓦頂。除東(dong)院(yuan)的(de)門庭施三踩斗(dou)拱外(wai),其他建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)不(bu)施斗(dou)拱。建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)大木構(gou)架是抬梁式,縱向(xiang)構(gou)為(wei)檁、隨檁兩件(jian)。檐椽為(wei)方椽,飛椽上(shang)方下圓,從正心檁以外(wai)鋪(pu)設望板,以里鋪(pu)設望磚。
義(yi)倉(cang)之(zhi)(zhi)南倉(cang)、北倉(cang)、西倉(cang)在室內(nei)地面下留設了(le)架空(kong)隔(ge)(ge)潮(chao)空(kong)間,使(shi)(shi)倉(cang)內(nei)存放的(de)糧食和地面隔(ge)(ge)離(li)開來,以防潮(chao)氣(qi)上滲。同時還在隔(ge)(ge)潮(chao)空(kong)間的(de)墻基上間隔(ge)(ge)一定距離(li)開有通風(feng)孔,使(shi)(shi)空(kong)氣(qi)可以在通風(feng)孔、門(men)窗(chuang)和屋(wu)頂上的(de)百葉窗(chuang)之(zhi)(zhi)間上下流(liu)通。
為防堿,義倉(cang)的(de)各建筑的(de)墻體(ti)下部設木質(zhi)腰線一道。
因使用(yong)功能的需要,西、南、北三倉都(dou)采用(yong)了較密(mi)集的平面柱網布(bu)局,在進(jin)深方向上柱距都(dou)只(zhi)有一米多(duo),柱上有槽,可(ke)以(yi)安放閘(zha)板,可(ke)以(yi)隨(sui)意分割(ge)空間(jian)。在山(shan)墻和每根山(shan)柱間(jian)施兩到三個鐵扒鋦,使兩者牢固結合,具有良好的抗(kang)震作用(yong)。門庭、廂房和聽事房因使用(yong)需要,平面柱網都(dou)采用(yong)了減柱造。
深州盈億(yi)義倉各建(jian)筑的情(qing)況
分述如下:
1. 門(men)庭(ting):是東部辦(ban)公區的入口,面闊三(san)間(jian)(jian),進深明(ming)間(jian)(jian)七(qi)檁三(san)柱,次間(jian)(jian)七(qi)檁五(wu)柱,總(zong)面闊9.8米(mi),總(zong)進深6.0米(mi)。前(qian)后檐施三(san)踩(cai)斗拱(gong),出45度斜拱(gong)。明(ming)間(jian)(jian)中柱間(jian)(jian)有(you)上檻、門(men)簪及原有(you)板門(men)留下的榫卯。南(nan)面臺基、墀頭完好。椽飛(fei)基本完好,原有(you)脊、獸缺失。門(men)庭(ting)東西(xi)兩(liang)側(ce)各有(you)耳(er)房一(yi)間(jian)(jian)。
2.廂(xiang)房(fang):有東(dong)西兩(liang)座,是(shi)糧倉的(de)帳房(fang)先生辦(ban)公和住宿的(de)地方。每座廂(xiang)房(fang)面(mian)闊三間,進深明間六(liu)(liu)(liu)檁(lin)(lin)三柱,次間六(liu)(liu)(liu)檁(lin)(lin)六(liu)(liu)(liu)柱。總面(mian)闊9.6米(mi),總進深5.2米(mi)。臺基現為(wei)(wei)條磚壘(lei)砌,墀頭(tou)完(wan)好(hao)。西廂(xiang)房(fang)西墻為(wei)(wei)原墻體(ti),中間后開一窗,東(dong)墻嚴重外(wai)閃(shan),檐檁(lin)(lin)、隨檁(lin)(lin)枋(fang)下垂。
3.宴休(xiu)堂:面(mian)(mian)闊三間(jian),進深七檁四柱,總面(mian)(mian)闊10.65米(mi),總進深7.72米(mi)。東西側各有(you)耳(er)房一間(jian)。北面(mian)(mian)臺基(ji)的(de)(de)壓階(jie)石(shi)、階(jie)條(tiao)石(shi)和垂(chui)帶保存完(wan)好(hao)。墀頭完(wan)好(hao)。南面(mian)(mian)原有(you)檻墻的(de)(de)條(tiao)磚(zhuan)多(duo)處脫落、缺損,現用紅機磚(zhuan)填補。椽(chuan)飛(fei)保存基(ji)本(ben)完(wan)好(hao)。
4.倉神祠:是供奉保佑(you)糧倉平安的神?D?D倉神的地方,面闊三(san)間,進深七(qi)檁四柱,總面闊7.32米,總進深5.69米。臺基不完(wan)整,垂帶缺(que)失(shi)。西山(shan)墻北(bei)端下部坍塌,用(yong)紅機磚填(tian)砌。南(nan)墻上有三(san)扇木窗。
5.聽事房:是西部倉儲區(qu)的中心建筑,是收糧(liang)、放糧(liang)時過秤(cheng)、記數的地方(fang)。面(mian)闊三間(jian)(jian),進深明間(jian)(jian)七檁三柱,次(ci)間(jian)(jian)七檁七柱。總面(mian)闊9.9米,總進深7.44米。臺基的階條(tiao)石缺損6米,缺一個(ge)垂帶。檐椽、飛(fei)頭、檐檁、隨檁均有不同程度的朽蝕。
6.西(xi)倉:面闊(kuo)(kuo)三間,進(jin)深(shen)七(qi)檁(lin)七(qi)柱(zhu),總面闊(kuo)(kuo)22.4米,總進(jin)深(shen)8.2 6米。原來的臺(tai)階無(wu)存。南邊墀(chi)頭(tou)完(wan)好,北邊加長(chang)了60厘米,沒(mei)有墀(chi)頭(tou)。檐檁(lin)、隨檁(lin)均(jun)有缺失(shi),椽飛保存基(ji)本完(wan)好。
7.南倉(cang)和北(bei)倉(cang):南倉(cang)和北(bei)倉(cang)體量相同,都(dou)是面(mian)闊十一(yi)(yi)間,進深七檁(lin)七柱(zhu),總面(mian)闊34.98米,總進深7.88米。屋頂上開(kai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)百(bai)頁通風窗,南倉(cang)九(jiu)扇(shan),西端兩間沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you),北(bei)倉(cang)每間一(yi)(yi)扇(shan),共十一(yi)(yi)扇(shan)。南、北(bei)倉(cang)原有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)臺基都(dou)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)保留下來,東(dong)側(ce)山墻后向(xiang)外(wai)加(jia)砌。沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)墀頭。檐(yan)(yan)檁(lin)、前檐(yan)(yan)穿插枋、隨檁(lin)枋有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)糟(zao)裂,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)缺失,椽飛完好。
8、總體
義倉院(yuan)內室外(wai)地面原來也全(quan)部鋪有墁地磚,現(xian)已無存。原有的(de)排水管(guan)道和(he)下水口,現(xian)在仍在發揮作(zuo)用。
清深州義倉記
自(zi)吏(li)治(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)修(xiu),百度弛墮。古(gu)(gu)昔(xi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)垂善政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),若保(bao)甲常平倉(cang)及(ji)一(yi)切便利(li)于(yu)(yu)民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)擇地而(er)(er)(er)可(ke)(ke)施,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)待時(shi)而(er)(er)(er)可(ke)(ke)行,傳(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)久(jiu)(jiu)而(er)(er)(er)治(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)例(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦皆(jie)(jie)廢棄(qi)而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)舉。以(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)名之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美也(ye)(ye),未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)敢公(gong)(gong)(gong)言廢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。上官(guan)(guan)(guan)督責(ze)(ze)屬吏(li),歲使(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)按人(ren)(ren)按視(shi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)規(gui),則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)以(yi)辨治(zhi)(zhi)告,上官(guan)(guan)(guan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)究也(ye)(ye)。觀其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)牒往來(lai),固(gu)無(wu)法(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)美、無(wu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)舉矣(yi)。既而(er)(er)(er)進考其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)實(shi),則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)謂(wei)督責(ze)(ze)按視(shi)而(er)(er)(er)辨治(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),特(te)相應(ying)以(yi)名,漫(man)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)何事(shi),而(er)(er)(er)閭巷疲氓(mang),賴(lai)吾政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)保(bao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)生來(lai)未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)見有其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi),乃并未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)嘗聞有其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)名也(ye)(ye)。光緒(xu)初,冀(ji)、青、兗(yan)、豫大(da)旱,疆吏(li)以(yi)災聞,天子憂勞,發官(guan)(guan)(guan)藏(zang)一(yi)振(zhen)乞糴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。書(shu)四達(da),遠近官(guan)(guan)(guan)民爭以(yi)銀米輸災區(qu),自(zi)中外(wai)大(da)臣(chen)(chen)、群(qun)司百執事(shi)奔走營救(jiu),類(lei)能(neng)(neng)竭(jie)誠潔己,而(er)(er)(er)怠忽(hu)侵漁(yu)必懲。故災所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)被(bei)數千里,歷三(san)年(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)久(jiu)(jiu),民雖(sui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)免死徙(xi),而(er)(er)(er)無(wu)劫奪盜賊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)。是(shi)(shi)后(hou),謀國(guo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)(jie)以(yi)救(jiu)災為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)兢兢。畿輔則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)自(zi)同治(zhi)(zhi)季年(nian)(nian)連遇水患(huan),已有籌(chou)賑(zhen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)局,博畜豫儲事(shi)至立應(ying),故數十年(nian)(nian)吏(li)治(zhi)(zhi),獨(du)備荒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)多可(ke)(ke)紀(ji)(ji)。然州(zhou)、縣自(zi)謀于(yu)(yu)治(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),法(fa)固(gu)猶未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)備也(ye)(ye)。先(xian)是(shi)(shi)太倉(cang)錢(qian)(qian)敏肅公(gong)(gong)(gong),開藩直(zhi)隸及(ji)巡(xun)撫河南,所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)至皆(jie)(jie)以(yi)積谷為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)重,而(er)(er)(er)任事(shi)皆(jie)(jie)未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)久(jiu)(jiu),經畫皆(jie)(jie)未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)及(ji)成(cheng)。今(jin)河道(dao)總督任公(gong)(gong)(gong)道(dao)镕為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)直(zhi)隸布政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)時(shi),踵錢(qian)(qian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)法(fa)、飭所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)屬積谷。前制隸按察(cha)使(shi)(shi)朱公(gong)(gong)(gong)靖(jing)旬時(shi)牧深州(zhou),積谷萬(wan)石,以(yi)舊倉(cang)皆(jie)(jie)廢,分藏(zang)于(yu)(yu)州(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富人(ren)(ren),舉契為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)質。朱公(gong)(gong)(gong)去(qu)后(hou),易(yi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)更(geng)契不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)問谷也(ye)(ye)。間十余年(nian)(nian),錢(qian)(qian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子伊臣(chen)(chen)來(lai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)州(zhou),乃取(qu)富人(ren)(ren)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)藏(zang)谷萬(wan)石者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),于(yu)(yu)城之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東建(jian)倉(cang)儲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。四倉(cang)環峙以(yi)楹計劃者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)三(san)十六(liu),中為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)聽事(shi),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)東為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宴休之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)堂(tang),堂(tang)三(san)楹,門(men)北(bei)向,堂(tang)后(hou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)倉(cang)神祠,基(ji)崇屋敞,墻(qiang)宇峻固(gu),經始于(yu)(yu)二(er)十三(san)年(nian)(nian)三(san)月,明(ming)年(nian)(nian)九(jiu)月訖工(gong)。堅明(ming)約束,永守勿替。州(zhou)人(ren)(ren)李君樹侯以(yi)書(shu)來(lai)曰:公(gong)(gong)(gong)愿得子文(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)記。濤以(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)救(jiu)荒無(wu)善策也(ye)(ye),國(guo)(奴巾)既非可(ke)(ke)數頒,籌(chou)賑(zhen)局設(she)于(yu)(yu)都會(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地,勢難分應(ying)而(er)(er)(er)遍(bian)給。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)謀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)州(zhou)縣者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)儲雖(sui)多,未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)必能(neng)(neng)久(jiu)(jiu)。而(er)(er)(er)告饑四方,又以(yi)致(zhi)遠,稽時(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)慮。然則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)稱荒政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)可(ke)(ke)紀(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦特(te)小(xiao)補云爾。海外(wai)諸國(guo),農政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)益興,以(yi)氣化之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)學糞田,一(yi)機器一(yi)用,且十倍(bei)人(ren)(ren)畜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)力(li),故能(neng)(neng)五六(liu)倍(bei)于(yu)(yu)常所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)獲(huo)。而(er)(er)(er)火(huo)車(che)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)軌,交于(yu)(yu)國(guo)中,輦百千巨萬(wan)鈞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重,于(yu)(yu)數千里外(wai),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)崇朝(chao)而(er)(er)(er)至土著者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),無(wu)借于(yu)(yu)外(wai)而(er)(er)(er)能(neng)(neng)取(qu)足(zu)于(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)土,而(er)(er)(er)物之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)自(zi)外(wai)至者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),又如此其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)易(yi)也(ye)(ye),尚何災歉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)足(zu)憂。今(jin)朝(chao)廷銳意(yi),取(qu)外(wai)國(guo)長技,足(zu)資治(zhi)(zhi)理者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),易(yi)我之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故。火(huo)車(che)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)軌,已造端(duan)于(yu)(yu)四沖要之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)區(qu),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)枝分岐出行,遍(bian)達(da)乎窮僻。而(er)(er)(er)學農之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)書(shu),且遍(bian)布天下,使(shi)(shi)皆(jie)(jie)仿行。今(jin)錢(qian)(qian)君廉能(neng)(neng)愛民,守先(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)家(jia)法(fa),若泯古(gu)(gu)今(jin)中外(wai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)見。討其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)制、究其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)學實(shi),而(er)(er)(er)致(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi),以(yi)收其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)效,使(shi)(shi)遠近援以(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)法(fa),寢推而(er)(er)(er)寢廣(guang),將遂成(cheng)國(guo)家(jia)新政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),馴(xun)致(zhi)于(yu)(yu)富強(qiang)。豈特(te)給足(zu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)封內,使(shi)(shi)吾儕小(xiao)人(ren)(ren),無(wu)憂災歉,已乎此固(gu)救(jiu)時(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)賢所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)急起而(er)(er)(er)圖功者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。請以(yi)斯文(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)左券焉。光緒(xu)二(er)十四年(nian)(nian)九(jiu)月 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