頂子城遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)于(yu)河北省平泉(quan)縣(xian)茅蘭溝(gou)鄉燒鍋營(ying)子村東(dong)山(shan)頂。遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)三(san)面環(huan)山(shan),是一處黃(huang)土城遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)。
1985年8月,考古人員對頂(ding)子城遺址的第(di)二生(sheng)活區進行了一(yi)次(ci)試掘。
1992年,頂子城遺址(zhi)被河北省(sheng)人民政府(fu)批準為省(sheng)級重點文(wen)物保護單位。
1993年7月,頂子城遺(yi)址被(bei)河(he)北省人民政府公布為(wei)第三批省級重點文物(wu)保(bao)護單位。
2013年5月,頂子城遺址被國務(wu)院公布(bu)為第(di)七(qi)批全國重點文(wen)物保(bao)護單位。
頂子城(cheng)遺址(zhi)區(qu)域呈不(bu)規則的圓(yuan)形。周長(chang)315米,總面積為(wei)1.5萬平(ping)方米,文(wen)化層(ceng)厚度約2.5米。遺址(zhi)中現(xian)存數重用石(shi)頭壘(lei)(lei)砌(qi)的半圓(yuan)形矮墻(qiang)(qiang)和(he)一些平(ping)坦的圓(yuan)形、方形、長(chang)方形生活(huo)區(qu)。生活(huo)區(qu)周圍(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)石(shi)頭壘(lei)(lei)砌(qi)的矮墻(qiang)(qiang),高(gao)有(you)2米,低0.4米。該(gai)遺址(zhi)還有(you)內圍(wei)(wei)(wei)墻(qiang)(qiang)和(he)外圍(wei)(wei)(wei)墻(qiang)(qiang)之分,間距為(wei)40米。圍(wei)(wei)(wei)墻(qiang)(qiang)基高(gao)3米,壘(lei)(lei)墻(qiang)(qiang)用的石(shi)料(liao)大(da)小不(bu)等,均為(wei)當(dang)地青灰石(shi)質不(bu)規則石(shi)板和(he)石(shi)條,墻(qiang)(qiang)基寬窄不(bu)均。遺址(zhi)內屬黃砂土質,沒有(you)植被。
在頂子城(cheng)遺址中采集的遺物有陶(tao)(tao)器(qi)、石(shi)器(qi)、銅器(qi)等(deng)。陶(tao)(tao)器(qi)以褐(he)陶(tao)(tao)和(he)灰黑陶(tao)(tao)為(wei)主,紋飾有繩紋、弦紋、附加堆紋和(he)劃紋,器(qi)形(xing)有鬲(li)、氟、豆、甕、大(da)口(kou)尊、缽、筒形(xing)罐等(deng);石(shi)器(qi)有石(shi)斧、石(shi)杵(chu)、石(shi)錛、石(shi)球等(deng);發現(xian)銅斧1件及勺形(xing)器(qi)1件。
在遺址北側山(shan)根還發現(xian)石(shi)(shi)板墓群一處,但經多年雨水沖刷(shua),均已被毀,僅存散亂石(shi)(shi)板,石(shi)(shi)板長(chang)約10—60厘米,厚約10——20厘米。從散亂的石(shi)(shi)板中(zhong)發現(xian)銅勺形器一殘碎片和一件完(wan)整的玉(yu)壁。
頂(ding)子城(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi)是平泉幾(ji)百處“夏家店文化”上、下層遺(yi)址(zhi)中內涵(han)豐(feng)富、器物類(lei)型典(dian)型的(de)遺(yi)址(zhi)。采集(ji)到的(de)遺(yi)物有很高(gao)歷史(shi)價(jia)值、藝術價(jia)值和研究價(jia)值。它(ta)的(de)發現為研究平泉歷史(shi)乃至承德(de)及東北地區(qu)夏商(shang)時(shi)期(qi)政治、經濟、文化發展史(shi)提(ti)供了實物資料(liao)。
城(cheng)(cheng)墻是(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)發(fa)展的(de)顯(xian)著(zhu)標志(zhi)之一,中的(de)筑城(cheng)(cheng)史十分(fen)悠久,頂子城(cheng)(cheng)遺址出現(xian)了以數重石頭(tou)壘(lei)(lei)砌的(de)半圓形(xing)短墻,石頭(tou)短墻高0.4——2米(mi),壘(lei)(lei)墻所(suo)用(yong)石料大小不(bu)(bu)等,墻基寬窄不(bu)(bu)勻(yun),說明城(cheng)(cheng)墻建造得還(huan)很(hen)不(bu)(bu)成熟。
1993年7月(yue),頂子(zi)城遺址(zhi)被河北省人民政府批準(zhun)公布為第三批省級(ji)文物保(bao)護單位(wei),并制(zhi)定了保(bao)護范圍和建筑控制(zhi)地(di)帶。
保護范圍:以(yi)頂子城遺址外一道墻(qiang)向(xiang)四(si)周各外擴50米。
建筑控制地帶:以(yi)保護范(fan)圍的邊線(xian)為基(ji)線(xian)向外四周再各擴5米(西南到(dao)懸崖邊)。
夏(xia)家(jia)(jia)店文化(hua)(hua),中(zhong)國(guo)社會科學院考古(gu)研究所(suo)內蒙(meng)古(gu)考古(gu)隊,于(yu)(yu)1960年(nian)在赤峰市郊區(qu)五家(jia)(jia)店鄉夏(xia)家(jia)(jia)店村(cun),發現(xian)代(dai)表商朝早期(qi)(qi)的中(zhong)國(guo)北方文化(hua)(hua)遺址(zhi),屬于(yu)(yu)新石器時期(qi)(qi),夏(xia)家(jia)(jia)店文化(hua)(hua)時期(qi)(qi)遺址(zhi),在平泉(quan)縣13個鄉鎮都有(you)發現(xian)。
頂子(zi)城(cheng)遺址,位于平(ping)泉縣(xian)(xian)茅蘭溝鄉北(bei)(bei)(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之上,根(gen)據(ju)史(shi)料分析。此城(cheng)是春秋、戰(zhan)國(guo)(guo)時(shi)(shi)期山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)族(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)居(ju)住(zhu)生(sheng)活(huo)地(di)(di)。春秋時(shi)(shi)代(dai),燕(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部(bu)(bu)、東北(bei)(bei)(bei)部(bu)(bu)分布著山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)族(zu)(zu)(zu),因其居(ju)住(zhu)在(zai)深山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峽谷(gu)中,故被稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong);又(you)因其居(ju)住(zhu)在(zai)中原北(bei)(bei)(bei)部(bu)(bu),又(you)被稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)“北(bei)(bei)(bei)戎(rong)(rong)”。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)、北(bei)(bei)(bei)戎(rong)(rong),指的(de)(de)(de)是一個(ge)民族(zu)(zu)(zu),在(zai)歷史(shi)上也稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)國(guo)(guo)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)族(zu)(zu)(zu)以(yi)“射獵禽獸(shou)為(wei)生(sheng),隨畜牧(mu)而轉移,各分散溪谷(gu),勿(wu)城(cheng)郭常處、耕田之業”。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)族(zu)(zu)(zu)是個(ge)游(you)牧(mu)民族(zu)(zu)(zu),主要從(cong)事(shi)(shi)畜牧(mu)業,性驃悍(han),善騎射。頂子(zi)城(cheng)石砌城(cheng)墻,主要用于人居(ju)住(zhu)防止野獸(shou)襲(xi)擊,或用于圈(quan)馬之用。頂子(zi)城(cheng)東北(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)小王(wang)子(zi)城(cheng)又(you)稱(cheng)(cheng)“馬圈(quan)子(zi)”,即(ji)為(wei)圈(quan)馬之處。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)族(zu)(zu)(zu)原來主要活(huo)動于燕(yan)(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)以(yi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)地(di)(di)區,即(ji)今河(he)北(bei)(bei)(bei)省承德(de)地(di)(di)區,以(yi)及與之毗鄰的(de)(de)(de)遼寧(ning)省朝(chao)陽地(di)(di)區。進入春秋時(shi)(shi)代(dai),中原諸侯國(guo)(guo)互相征戰(zhan),爭(zheng)當霸主,無暇顧(gu)及邊疆其他民族(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)襲(xi)擾,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)族(zu)(zu)(zu)便乘機發(fa)展強(qiang)盛起來。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)族(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)軍事(shi)(shi)勢力(li),已(yi)經越過燕(yan)(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),到達(da)秦(qin)(qin)皇島盧龍縣(xian)(xian),以(yi)及遷(qian)安、灤(luan)縣(xian)(xian)等地(di)(di)區,并頻(pin)(pin)頻(pin)(pin)襲(xi)擾燕(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)。公元前664年,齊桓公救燕(yan)(yan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)伐(fa)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong),給山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)族(zu)(zu)(zu)以(yi)重(zhong)創。燕(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)收復了(le)(le)無終(zhong)、令支、孤竹等屬國(guo)(guo)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)族(zu)(zu)(zu)從(cong)西周到春秋時(shi)(shi)代(dai),延續了(le)(le)400多(duo)年。春秋晚期,其勢力(li)已(yi)大為(wei)削弱。燕(yan)(yan)昭王(wang)時(shi)(shi),燕(yan)(yan)將秦(qin)(qin)開率兵襲(xi)破東胡(hu),拓地(di)(di)千余里,連同山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)族(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)殘余部(bu)(bu)落一同消(xiao)滅。至戰(zhan)國(guo)(guo)時(shi)(shi)期,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)族(zu)(zu)(zu)已(yi)銷(xiao)聲匿跡。