1987年(nian)初,公(gong)安機關破獲交樂鄉龍樹(shu)腳漢墓(mu)(mu)被(bei)盜案,文物管理部(bu)門對10號(hao)(hao)(hao)、14號(hao)(hao)(hao)等4座(zuo)墓(mu)(mu)進行清(qing)理發掘,發現(xian)此墓(mu)(mu)為夫(fu)婦(fu)葬墓(mu)(mu),被(bei)-的(de)(de)為男室(shi),女(nv)室(shi)完(wan)好,發掘出文物45種近(jin)百件。其中(zhong)14號(hao)(hao)(hao)多(duo)室(shi)墓(mu)(mu),是(shi)目(mu)前(qian)貴州(zhou)所發掘的(de)(de)漢墓(mu)(mu)中(zhong)最大(da)的(de)(de)一座(zuo)。被(bei)有(you)(you)關人士稱之為“全國少見,貴州(zhou)僅有(you)(you)的(de)(de)漢墓(mu)(mu)葬”。
貴州省博物(wu)館對(dui)其(qi)中5座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)進行發掘,為(wei)(wei)(wei)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)室(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)、石室(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)及(ji)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)室(shi)(shi)和石室(shi)(shi)同冢三(san)類。2號(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)室(shi)(shi)“大(da)”字形(xing)室(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu),分(fen)甬道、正室(shi)(shi)、左(zuo)耳室(shi)(shi)、右耳室(shi)(shi)。1、4號(hao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)室(shi)(shi)“凸”字形(xing)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)。3號(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)方框形(xing)石室(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu),5號(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)室(shi)(shi)與石室(shi)(shi)同冢。被盜的5座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)墓(mu)(mu)(mu),發掘出土文(wen)物(wu)有(you):銅(tong)盤、銅(tong)碗、銅(tong)帶(dai)釣魚(yu)臺、環首銅(tong)刀、殘銅(tong)刀、銅(tong)雞及(ji)搖錢(qian)樹座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)等(deng)(deng)。另(ling)還有(you)五銖錢(qian)、貨泉、添盤、銀器、琥珀(po)、獅飾、燒(shao)料耳當、小骨銅(tong)串珠、玉牌等(deng)(deng)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬大(da)約在東(dong)漢和帝(89-105)前(qian)后,晚至桓帝(147-167)、靈帝(168-189)時期。
在(zai)10號墓(mu)出土“巨王千萬(wan)印(yin)”一(yi)枚,在(zai)第二批發掘的墓(mu)中,在(zai)位于交(jiao)樂村(cun)西南(nan)約(yue)1公里處,有直徑約(yue)20米的封土堆,墓(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)坐西向(xiang)東(dong),南(nan)北軸(zhou)線長12.8米,東(dong)西軸(zhou)線長8.75米,分(fen)南(nan)北兩個(ge)墓(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi),每室(shi)(shi)(shi)由墓(mu)道、室(shi)(shi)(shi)、耳室(shi)(shi)(shi)及兩個(ge)后室(shi)(shi)(shi)組成(cheng),并列對稱,除前室(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)穹隆(long)頂外(wai),余均(jun)為(wei)巷,磚(zhuan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)結構,地面以磚(zhuan)石鋪(pu)成(cheng)人字形花(hua)紋(wen),磚(zhuan)紋(wen)為(wei)棱形紋(wen)。墓(mu)穴發現盜洞,室(shi)(shi)(shi)內原陪葬器(qi)物基(ji)本盜空,在(zai)北室(shi)(shi)(shi)道內發現殘損銅(tong)(tong)車(che)馬一(yi)具,前室(shi)(shi)(shi)出土青銅(tong)(tong)陶器(qi)若(ruo)干件,耳室(shi)(shi)(shi)內發現“巴郡守丞”鎏金銅(tong)(tong)印(yin)一(yi)枚。
此(ci)次發掘,歷時一(yi)月,共清(qing)理東(dong)漢(han)中晚期墓12座。時至今日,交(jiao)樂(le)漢(han)墓群出土的主(zhu)要文物有:銅(tong)車馬、連枝燈、撫(fu)琴俑、巴郡守丞印、巨王千萬印、帶蓋刻(ke)花銅(tong)奩、銅(tong)俑、五銖錢(qian)紋銅(tong)碗、搖錢(qian)樹(shu)、刻(ke)花銅(tong)瓶、銅(tong)甑、陶灶、水池田(tian)園模型、陶搖錢(qian)樹(shu)座等。
交(jiao)樂漢墓0土的文(wen)(wen)物具(ju)有(you)較(jiao)高的研究價(jia)值(zhi)。2006年交(jiao)樂墓群(qun)作為漢代(dai)的古墓葬,被國(guo)務院列入第六批全(quan)國(guo)重(zhong)點(dian)文(wen)(wen)物保護單位。