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地理位置

普(pu)定穿(chuan)洞遺址位于貴(gui)州(zhou)省普(pu)定縣(xian)城西 5公里處的一(yi)座孤山上。

歷史沿革

普定穿(chuan)洞遺址是舊石器(qi)時代(dai)晚期(qi)遺址。

1979 年(nian)5月(yue)試掘，獲得大量石(shi)器、骨器。

1981年(nian)5月，中國科學院(yuan)和貴州省博物(wu)(wu)館聯(lian)合(he)發掘，出土(tu)石(shi)器、骨(gu)器、動物(wu)(wu)化(hua)石(shi)和人類化(hua)石(shi)2000多件(jian)，為(wei)研究中國西(xi)南(nan)原(yuan)始社會提供了(le)豐富的實物(wu)(wu)資料。

迄今為止已發(fa)現(xian)的(de)早、中(zhong)、晚三個時(shi)期的(de)舊(jiu)石(shi)器(qi)時(shi)代遺(yi)址有50處(chu)，已正式(shi)發(fa)掘(jue)(jue)20多(duo)處(chu)，主要有黔(qian)西(xi)觀(guan)音洞(dong)(dong)遺(yi)址、桐梓(zi)巖灰洞(dong)(dong)遺(yi)址、水城硝(xiao)灰洞(dong)(dong)遺(yi)址、興(xing)(xing)(xing)義貓(mao)貓(mao)洞(dong)(dong)遺(yi)址、普定穿(chuan)洞(dong)(dong)遺(yi)址、六枝桃花(hua)洞(dong)(dong)遺(yi)址。在(zai)發(fa)掘(jue)(jue)的(de)遺(yi)址中(zhong)，不僅出(chu)土(tu)了(le)打(da)制石(shi)器(qi)、骨(gu)(gu)器(qi)、哺(bu)乳動物化石(shi)，而且還(huan)(huan)發(fa)現(xian)了(le)一(yi)批人(ren)類牙齒(chi)、頜骨(gu)(gu)、股骨(gu)(gu)、頭骨(gu)(gu)等化石(shi)，分別被命(ming)名為“桐梓(zi)猿人(ren)”、“水城人(ren)”、“興(xing)(xing)(xing)義人(ren)”、“穿(chuan)洞(dong)(dong)人(ren)”。1982年(nian)至(zhi)1992年(nian)考古(gu)工作(zuo)者(zhe)在(zai)桐梓(zi)盤縣大洞(dong)(dong)舊(jiu)石(shi)器(qi)文化遺(yi)址是(shi)在(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)南(nan)方新發(fa)現(xian)的(de)古(gu)人(ren)類遺(yi)址，被列為1993 年(nian)全國(guo)(guo)十(shi)大考古(gu)成果(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)首。其次是(shi)商周至(zhi)秦(qin)(qin)漢時(shi)期的(de)考古(gu)。主要發(fa)掘(jue)(jue)的(de)有普定銅(tong)鼓山遺(yi)址、赫(he)章可樂(le)墓(mu)群、安順寧谷墓(mu)群、興(xing)(xing)(xing)義萬屯漢墓(mu)群、興(xing)(xing)(xing)義交樂(le)漢墓(mu)群、仁懷合(he)馬東漢墓(mu)群。普定銅(tong)鼓山遺(yi)址出(chu)土(tu)的(de)冶(ye)銅(tong)坩鍋和一(yi)批石(shi)范(fan)石(shi)模(mo)，為研究貴州冶(ye)鑄發(fa)展史提供(gong)了(le)戰國(guo)(guo)至(zhi)秦(qin)(qin)漢之(zhi)(zhi)際的(de)實物依據。此外，在(zai)貴州還(huan)(huan)發(fa)現(xian)了(le)許(xu)多(duo)墓(mu)葬方式(shi)不同(tong)的(de)少數民(min)族墓(mu)葬。

穿洞(dong)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)類遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)國家(jia)考(kao)(kao)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)隊(dui)兩次發(fa)掘，出土人(ren)(ren)類完整頭(tou)(tou)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)兩件，哺乳動(dong)物(wu)(wu)碎骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)18,000件，單個(ge)牙(ya)齒500多枚(mei)，動(dong)物(wu)(wu)化(hua)石13個(ge)屬或(huo)種；出土石制器物(wu)(wu)20,000余件，骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)器1,000余件，以骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)錐多，另有(you)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)鏟、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)針、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)棒(bang)等(deng)。此外，發(fa)現(xian)用火遺(yi)跡多處(chu)。穿洞(dong)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)類遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)處(chu)發(fa)現(xian)兩具頭(tou)(tou)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)至今(jin)國內無(wu)先例，出土的(de)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)器，超過全(quan)國發(fa)現(xian)總(zong)和30倍，一(yi)舉摘(zhai)掉我國舊石器文(wen)化(hua)中貧(pin)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)器的(de)帽子，世界(jie)罕見。穿洞(dong)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)類遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)具有(you)極其重要的(de)考(kao)(kao)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)研究價值(zhi)，被(bei)中科院專(zhuan)家(jia)們譽為“亞洲文(wen)明之燈”，現(xian)擬建“穿洞(dong)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)類遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)博物(wu)(wu)館”。1988年(nian)1月，經(jing)國務院批準，公(gong)布為全(quan)國重點文(wen)物(wu)(wu)保護單位。

文物價值

長江三(san)峽地(di)(di)區(qu)目20世(shi)紀50年代發(fa)現長陽(yang)人化(hua)石后(hou)，相(xiang)繼(ji)又發(fa)現有(you)(you)建始人、巫(wu)山人、奉(feng)節人等8處古人類化(hua)石地(di)(di)點，這使三(san)峽地(di)(di)區(qu)成為世(shi)界(jie)上人類化(hua)石分(fen)布(bu)密集的(de)地(di)(di)區(qu)之一(yi)。但是，由于三(san)峽人類化(hua)石完(wan)整程度不太好(以前沒有(you)(you)出(chu)土較完(wan)整的(de)顱骨化(hua)石)，導(dao)致(zhi)人類化(hua)石地(di)(di)點的(de)整體研(yan)究水平不夠深入，學術界(jie)一(yi)直期待更完(wan)整的(de)人類化(hua)石和(he)更有(you)(you)學術意義的(de)研(yan)究成果。

2008年(nian)7月，重(zhong)慶師(shi)范大(da)學歷史與(yu)(yu)文博學院師(shi)生(sheng)在三峽古人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)資源考(kao)(kao)察中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，于(yu)奉節縣云霧鄉穿(chuan)(chuan)洞(dong)(dong)新(xin)發現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)一處古人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)化石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地點(dian)。初(chu)次考(kao)(kao)察和(he)試掘中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)l枚人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)門齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)化石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，以(yi)及3件石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)品和(he)其(qi)(qi)他一些(xie)伴生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)化石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。2009年(nian)8月，在穿(chuan)(chuan)洞(dong)(dong)試掘中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)又(you)發現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)一具完整的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，并有(you)多件石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)品和(he)其(qi)(qi)+他動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)化石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)土的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)形態完好(hao)，顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)形呈卵圓(yuan)形：顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)底、枕(zhen)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)等部位(wei)膠結有(you)一層很(hen)薄的(de)(de)(de)鈣(gai)質礦物(wu)(wu)質：顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)上的(de)(de)(de)冠狀(zhuang)(zhuang)縫、矢(shi)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)縫、入字縫愈合(he)程度(du)微弱；顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)寬處位(wei)于(yu)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)頂(ding)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后部；顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)額(e)結節和(he)項結節較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)顯(xian)著(zhu)，矢(shi)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)脊略為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)凸起：枕(zhen)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)后上部有(you)發髻狀(zhuang)(zhuang)結構，上項線不大(da)明(ming)顯(xian)；眉骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)粗壯(zhuang)，眉弓(gong)(gong)內側端(duan)與(yu)(yu)眶(kuang)上緣合(he)并：眼(yan)眶(kuang)呈長方(fang)形，眼(yan)眶(kuang)外下緣較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)圓(yuan)鈍；鼻根點(dian)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)淺(qian)，鼻前棘高度(du)適中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；顴弓(gong)(gong)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)細(xi)弱，乳突較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)粗大(da)，穿(chuan)(chuan)洞(dong)(dong)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)土的(de)(de)(de)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，，有(you)些(xie)形態表現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)原始的(de)(de)(de)一面，如(ru)眉弓(gong)(gong)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)粗壯(zhuang)，有(you)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)明(ming)顯(xian)晶矢(shi)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)脊，粗壯(zhuang)豹(bao)乳突，以(yi)及顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)頂(ding)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)平(ping)坦等。但(dan)該顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)有(you)些(xie)特(te)(te)(te)征(zheng)(zheng)又(you)顯(xian)示(shi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)步的(de)(de)(de)～面，如(ru)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)壁較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)薄，顴弓(gong)(gong)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)細(xi)弱，顳骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)和(he)鱗骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)高度(du)與(yu)(yu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代人(ren)(ren)(ren)比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)接近等。該顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)這種原始特(te)(te)(te)征(zheng)(zheng)與(yu)(yu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)步特(te)(te)(te)征(zheng)(zheng)鑲嵌的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)，反映(ying)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)其(qi)(qi)具有(you)晚(wan)(wan)期智人(ren)(ren)(ren)化石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)(te)征(zheng)(zheng)。并且，該件顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上的(de)(de)(de)一些(xie)特(te)(te)(te)征(zheng)(zheng)，與(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國其(qi)(qi)他晚(wan)(wan)期智人(ren)(ren)(ren)化石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)具有(you)明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)相似現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(如(ru)頂(ding)部前囟點(dian)位(wei)置(zhi)與(yu)(yu)柳江人(ren)(ren)(ren)、資陽人(ren)(ren)(ren)化石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一樣比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)靠(kao)后)。顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)性(xing)別(bie)(bie)特(te)(te)(te)征(zheng)(zheng)方(fang)面，其(qi)(qi)額(e)結節和(he)頂(ding)結節較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)顯(xian)著(zhu)、顴弓(gong)(gong)細(xi)而平(ping)直(zhi)等現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)，顯(xian)示(shi)該顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)可能(neng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)女性(xing)。在年(nian)齡(ling)鑒定方(fang)面，顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)上保存有(you)4枚完整的(de)(de)(de)頰齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，分別(bie)(bie)是左(zuo)Ml，右Pl、Ml、M2。顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)左(zuo)、右Ml齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)尖(jian)磨耗(hao)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)重(zhong)，齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)質點(dian)連(lian)接成片(pian)；右M2齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)尖(jian)大(da)部分磨去，齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)質點(dian)暴露。考(kao)(kao)慮到_占(zhan)代人(ren)(ren)(ren)咀嚼食物(wu)(wu)對(dui)牙齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)磨損較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)重(zhong)，推(tui)測(ce)該顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)個體年(nian)齡(ling)可能(neng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、青(qing)年(nian)階段。與(yu)(yu)穿(chuan)(chuan)洞(dong)(dong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)伴生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)他動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)化石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)種類(lei)有(you)魚、鱉、蝙蝠、豪豬、赤腹松鼠、大(da)熊貓、東方(fang)劍(jian)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)象(xiang)、華南(nan)巨貘、水(shui)鹿、青(qing)羊、蘇(su)門羚等，屬于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國南(nan)方(fang)大(da)熊貓一劍(jian)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)象(xiang)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)群(qun)，其(qi)(qi)地質時(shi)代可能(neng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)更新(xin)世晚(wan)(wan)期。從穿(chuan)(chuan)洞(dong)(dong)遺(yi)址(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)土的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)品觀察，該遺(yi)址(zhi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)以(yi)尖(jian)刃器(qi)、刮削器(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主，器(qi)體形態主要為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)和(he)小型(xing)。器(qi)物(wu)(wu)加工以(yi)使(shi)用石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)錘進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)復向、正(zheng)向加工為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)文化風格反映(ying)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國南(nan)方(fang)礫石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)文化為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主的(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)(te)點(dian)，但(dan)同(tong)時(shi)也表現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)與(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國北方(fang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)片(pian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)文化有(you)很(hen)強的(de)(de)(de)文化交(jiao)流(liu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)。

重(zhong)慶(qing)穿(chuan)(chuan)洞晚(wan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)智(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)顱骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)和(he)相(xiang)關文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)遺(yi)(yi)跡(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發現(xian)，對促(cu)進(jin)(jin)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)古(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)研(yan)究(jiu)有(you)(you)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)意義。古(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)學研(yan)究(jiu)中(zhong)(zhong)，現(xian)代人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)演化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)關系、不(bu)同(tong)區(qu)域人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)群的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)遷徙和(he)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)因(yin)(yin)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)等(deng)(deng)是(shi)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)課題。中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)已(yi)發現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晚(wan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)智(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)，雖(sui)(sui)然已(yi)有(you)(you)柳江人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、山(shan)頂(ding)洞人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、資陽人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)等(deng)(deng)顱骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，但(dan)(dan)相(xiang)對于該(gai)(gai)時期(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)數量激增、分(fen)布(bu)區(qu)域擴大(da)(da)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)群交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)增加(jia)等(deng)(deng)事(shi)實(shi)，僅靠目前有(you)(you)限的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)研(yan)究(jiu)還很不(bu)夠。重(zhong)慶(qing)穿(chuan)(chuan)洞古(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)顱骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，其基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)本特(te)(te)征顯(xian)示(shi)具有(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)古(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)連(lian)續(xu)(xu)演化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)點，如該(gai)(gai)顱骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)與中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)大(da)(da)部(bu)分(fen)智(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)～樣眼(yan)眶(kuang)為長(chang)方(fang)(fang)形(xing)、眼(yan)眶(kuang)外下緣較為圓鈍、上(shang)面部(bu)(眉骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)上(shang)部(bu)分(fen))較低等(deng)(deng)。但(dan)(dan)同(tong)時，穿(chuan)(chuan)洞人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)顱骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)與歐(ou)洲(zhou)(zhou)同(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)似的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)些現(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)，有(you)(you)些現(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)暗示(shi)該(gai)(gai)顱骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)與歐(ou)洲(zhou)(zhou)晚(wan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)智(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)因(yin)(yin)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(如沒(mei)有(you)(you)印加(jia)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)，枕骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)上(shang)有(you)(you)發髻(ji)狀結(jie)(jie)構(gou)等(deng)(deng))。穿(chuan)(chuan)洞智(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)顱骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)甚至還反映出與非洲(zhou)(zhou)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)因(yin)(yin)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況：中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)發現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，顱骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)寬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)位(wei)均在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)顱頂(ding)中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)，而穿(chuan)(chuan)洞標本該(gai)(gai)特(te)(te)征卻(que)與非洲(zhou)(zhou)發現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)樣，是(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)偏后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)等(deng)(deng)。綜合考察(cha)，穿(chuan)(chuan)洞人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)顱骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)這(zhe)種復雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體質形(xing)態鑲(xiang)嵌現(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)，是(shi)更新世期(qi)(qi)(qi)間(jian)地球(qiu)上(shang)晚(wan)期(qi)(qi)(qi)智(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)廣泛擴散、基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)因(yin)(yin)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)果。這(zhe)種現(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)符合中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)古(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)學界提出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)古(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)“連(lian)續(xu)(xu)進(jin)(jin)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)附(fu)帶雜交(jiao)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀點。中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)和(he)西方(fang)(fang)古(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)因(yin)(yin)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)更新世時期(qi)(qi)(qi)已(yi)經出現(xian)。晚(wan)更新世時期(qi)(qi)(qi)，由于人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)生產能(neng)力進(jin)(jin)步(bu)和(he)控制性(xing)用火的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)普及等(deng)(deng)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)已(yi)經擴散到地球(qiu)表(biao)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)部(bu)分(fen)陸地，并且在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)遙遠(yuan)陸地之間(jian)也存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)著自(zi)身生物基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)因(yin)(yin)和(he)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)以(yi)前發現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藍田人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、大(da)(da)荔人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、馬壩人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)等(deng)(deng)，都在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)不(bu)同(tong)程度上(shang)保存有(you)(you)歐(ou)洲(zhou)(zhou)某些人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)點。但(dan)(dan)是(shi)、因(yin)(yin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)遺(yi)(yi)物有(you)(you)限，雖(sui)(sui)然我(wo)們(men)已(yi)從中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)發現(xian)有(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)、西方(fang)(fang)古(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)因(yin)(yin)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)少(shao)許(xu)證據(ju)，但(dan)(dan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)舊石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)上(shang)，卻(que)沒(mei)有(you)(you)發現(xian)明顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)、西方(fang)(fang)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)融合現(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)。迄今為止，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)還沒(mei)有(you)(you)發現(xian)一(yi)個(ge)兼具中(zhong)(zhong)、西方(fang)(fang)二元文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)舊石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器時代典(dian)型遺(yi)(yi)址。

中華人(ren)(ren)(ren)民共和國成立后，特別是近20年來，貴州考古(gu)(gu)發(fa)掘成效顯著。首(shou)先是舊(jiu)石(shi)(shi)器(qi)考古(gu)(gu)。迄今為(wei)止已發(fa)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)早、中、晚三個(ge)時(shi)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)舊(jiu)石(shi)(shi)器(qi)時(shi)代遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)50處，已正(zheng)式發(fa)掘20多處，主要(yao)有(you)黔西觀(guan)音洞遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、桐梓巖灰洞遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、水(shui)城硝灰洞遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、興(xing)(xing)(xing)義貓(mao)貓(mao)洞遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、普定(ding)穿洞遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、六枝桃花洞遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。在(zai)發(fa)掘的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中，不僅(jin)出土了(le)(le)打制石(shi)(shi)器(qi)、骨器(qi)、哺乳(ru)動物(wu)化石(shi)(shi)，而(er)且還發(fa)現(xian)了(le)(le)一批(pi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類牙齒、頜骨、股骨、頭骨等化石(shi)(shi)，分別被命名(ming)為(wei)“桐梓猿(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)”、“水(shui)城人(ren)(ren)(ren)”、“興(xing)(xing)(xing)義人(ren)(ren)(ren)”、“穿洞人(ren)(ren)(ren)”。1982年至1992年考古(gu)(gu)工作者在(zai)桐梓縣九壩鄉(xiang)巖灰洞發(fa)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)猿(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)化石(shi)(shi)，是繼云南元謀猿(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)后西南地區再次(ci)發(fa)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)猿(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)化石(shi)(shi)。盤縣大(da)洞舊(jiu)石(shi)(shi)器(qi)文(wen)化遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是在(zai)中國南方(fang)新發(fa)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，被列為(wei)1993年全國十大(da)考古(gu)(gu)成果之(zhi)首(shou)。其(qi)次(ci)是商周至秦漢時(shi)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)考古(gu)(gu)。主要(yao)發(fa)掘的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)普定(ding)銅(tong)鼓山遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、赫章(zhang)可樂(le)墓(mu)群(qun)、安順寧谷墓(mu)群(qun)、興(xing)(xing)(xing)義萬(wan)屯(tun)漢墓(mu)群(qun)、興(xing)(xing)(xing)義交樂(le)漢墓(mu)群(qun)、仁懷合馬(ma)東漢墓(mu)群(qun)。普定(ding)銅(tong)鼓山遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出土的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冶銅(tong)坩(gan)鍋和一批(pi)石(shi)(shi)范石(shi)(shi)模(mo)，為(wei)研究貴州冶鑄發(fa)展史提供了(le)(le)戰國至秦漢之(zhi)際的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實物(wu)依據。此外，在(zai)貴州還發(fa)現(xian)了(le)(le)許多墓(mu)葬(zang)方(fang)式不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)少數民族墓(mu)葬(zang)。

人類化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)上出(chu)現有(you)中兩方基因交流現象，石(shi)(shi)器(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)上卻缺少(shao)中西方文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)碰撞(zhuang)和(he)兼(jian)容，這種復雜的(de)人類演化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)傳(chuan)(chuan)播(bo)過程顯(xian)然需(xu)要不(bu)斷補(bu)充新證據并加強研究。重慶穿(chuan)洞古人類化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)和(he)石(shi)(shi)器(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)發現，是揭示(shi)三(san)峽(xia)地區人類和(he)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)演進(jin)的(de)珍貴材料，而(er)且對研究中國(guo)乃至世(shi)界范圍內的(de)人類基因交流和(he)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)傳(chuan)(chuan)播(bo)將產生(sheng)積(ji)極影響。