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基本介紹

重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)安(an)江(jiang)水(shui)碾群位于(yu)黃平(ping)縣重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)安(an)鎮東南400米處的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)安(an)江(jiang)江(jiang)心沙洲上。水(shui)碾群始(shi)(shi)建于(yu)明(ming)代，據《明(ming)史·卷(juan)三百一十二·四川(chuan)土(tu)司二》記載：“洪武四年平(ping)蜀，遣使諭(yu)之。五(wu)年，領安(an)撫司二，曰(yue)(yue)草塘，曰(yue)(yue)黃平(ping)；長官(guan)司六，曰(yue)(yue)真州(zhou)，曰(yue)(yue)播州(zhou)，曰(yue)(yue)余慶，曰(yue)(yue)白泥，曰(yue)(yue)容山，曰(yue)(yue)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)安(an)”。永(yong)樂四年（1406）設(she)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)安(an)長官(guan)司，弘治元(yuan)年（1488）設(she)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)安(an)守(shou)御千(qian)戶所，并屯(tun)(tun)兵于(yu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)安(an)江(jiang)堡(bao)上。大量(liang)屯(tun)(tun)軍(jun)的(de)涌(yong)入，帶(dai)來中(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)各地先進的(de)文化和生產方(fang)式，他(ta)們利用重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)安(an)江(jiang)上隆(long)起的(de)沙洲大規模建造水(shui)碾，取替土(tu)著居民仍(reng)用石碓舂米的(de)原(yuan)(yuan)始(shi)(shi)勞作。

建造重(zhong)安江水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)碾群(qun)選址考究。此段江水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)被沙(sha)洲(zhou)從(cong)中剖(pou)開(kai)，形成南(nan)高(gao)(gao)北低兩(liang)支河道(dao)，高(gao)(gao)差為1.12米。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)碾水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)輪深藏沙(sha)洲(zhou)腹部，每個碾房從(cong)開(kai)入(ru)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)孔兩(liang)眼(yan)引江水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)沖擊水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)輪，南(nan)北江面高(gao)(gao)差產生的水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)力足以(yi)使水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)輪旋(xuan)轉并帶動滾輪工作。余水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)匯入(ru)北支河道(dao)。

重安江(jiang)水碾群規(gui)模宏大，明末為其鼎盛時期(qi)，共有40余座(zuo)。水碾群現存碾房19座(zuo)，沿沙洲“一”字順江(jiang)排(pai)列。雨季，碾房草(cao)棚常被洪峰卷走，但沉重的(de)(de)石(shi)滾輪和藏于沙洲腹部的(de)(de)水輪卻安然無恙。

水碾(nian)(nian)(nian)的原始功(gong)能是用于(yu)谷物脫殼(ke)去麩，隨著打米機普及(ji)，重安(an)江水碾(nian)(nian)(nian)群的原始功(gong)能逐漸減弱。土改時水碾(nian)(nian)(nian)劃歸(gui)集體，上(shang)世(shi)紀80年代后由(you)生產隊(dui)陸續賣給周、潘、楊、沈等(deng)姓農民，目前(qian)仍有(you)13座正常使用，主要用于(yu)碾(nian)(nian)(nian)桐(tong)籽榨油、碾(nian)(nian)(nian)竹材造紙、碾(nian)(nian)(nian)做香的原料粉末等(deng)。

重安江(jiang)水碾保留了古(gu)老的歷史信息，是重安江(jiang)上一道亮麗的文(wen)化景(jing)觀。