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八角城城址
0 票數:0 #古城址#
八角城城址,位于甘肅省夏河縣駐地拉卜楞鎮東北24公里白石崖南麓、央曲北岸。海拔2100米。漢代曾在此設白石縣,古為軍事交通要地。古八角城為一空心十字形城。在十字城各角上設城墩八個,形成八角,故名。古城占地20萬平方米,城墻周長2193米,墻高達10米。東西甕城有s形通道。城外有護城河。北城依山、無門,從西城經南門至東城筑有外廓,南門外筑有外城。城墻以沙土、蘆葦、紅柳等層層夯筑而成。2006年5月25日 中華人民共和國國務院公布為第六批全國重點文物保護單位。
  • 所在地/隸屬: 甘(gan)肅(su)省(sheng)甘(gan)南藏族(zu)自(zi)治州夏河縣(xian)拉(la)卜楞鎮(zhen)
  • 文物保護單位: 國家級第(di)六(liu)批(唐至明(ming))
附近有 2 個景點: 夏河縣熊貓溝景區(0km)    桑科草原景區(8km)   
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八角城城址

城(cheng)(cheng)址位于(yu)甘(gan)肅省夏河縣駐地(di)拉(la)卜楞鎮東北(bei)24公里(li)白(bai)(bai)石崖(ya)南(nan)麓、央曲北(bei)岸。漢代(dai)曾(ceng)在(zai)此(ci)設白(bai)(bai)石縣,古為(wei)軍事交通要(yao)地(di)。古八(ba)(ba)角城(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)一空心十(shi)字(zi)形(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)。在(zai)十(shi)字(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)各角上設城(cheng)(cheng)墩八(ba)(ba)個(ge),形(xing)(xing)成八(ba)(ba)角,故名(ming)。古城(cheng)(cheng)占地(di)20萬平(ping)方米(mi),城(cheng)(cheng)墻周長2193米(mi),墻高達(da)10米(mi)。東西(xi)甕城(cheng)(cheng)有s形(xing)(xing)通道。城(cheng)(cheng)外有護城(cheng)(cheng)河。北(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)依山、無門(men),從西(xi)城(cheng)(cheng)經南(nan)門(men)至東城(cheng)(cheng)筑有外廓(kuo),南(nan)門(men)外筑有外城(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)墻以沙土、蘆葦、紅(hong)柳等層層夯筑而成。至今保存完(wan)好。由于(yu)墻面(mian)多,對城(cheng)(cheng)下弩(nu)射無死角,故易守(shou)難攻。八(ba)(ba)角城(cheng)(cheng)壁(bi)壘(lei)建筑突破方形(xing)(xing)、矩形(xing)(xing)格(ge)局,式樣奇特,不同于(yu)一般古城(cheng)(cheng)。據考證,它可能(neng)就是唐代(dai)雕窩城(cheng)(cheng),宋(song)代(dai)的一公城(cheng)(cheng)。

八角城故址(zhi)的(de)建(jian)(jian)筑形(xing)式,是(shi)我(wo)國古代城堡傳統的(de)建(jian)(jian)筑形(xing)式,外(wai)(wai)掘城壕(hao),內建(jian)(jian)城堡,引水護城。城墻為夯(hang)層夾棍(gun)做法,夾棍(gun)粗細(xi)較均勻,且(qie)排列有(you)(you)序。城墻下(xia)部夯(hang)層較厚(22厘米),夯(hang)土層間(jian)有(you)(you)砂(sha)石伴有(you)(you)樹(shu)枝(zhi)。緊連內角的(de)外(wai)(wai)角處(chu)有(you)(you)馬(ma)面(mian)。

城中發現了大量的(de)(de)(de)文物,有(you)(you)唐宋時(shi)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)金屬 貨幣、方磚(zhuan)、條磚(zhuan)、筒(tong)瓦、板瓦、碓舀(yao)、礎石、城門樞舀(yao)、碾盤等。在八(ba)角(jiao)城周圍的(de)(de)(de)平地、丘陵、臺地上,還保留 有(you)(you)不少古代棄耕的(de)(de)(de)梯(ti)田(tian),有(you)(you)些梯(ti)田(tian)一直修到山頂。八(ba)角(jiao) 城在宋代為黨項、西(xi)夏、唃廝(si)啰活動和爭戰(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)中心。

古遺址

八角城(cheng)(cheng)故(gu)址(zhi)位于(yu)夏河縣城(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)(bei)35公里(li)大(da)(da)夏河(古(gu)稱漓(li)水)支(zhi)(zhi)流央曲(qu)河上游(you)(you)且(qie)隆(long)溝(gou)內臺地上,海(hai)拔2100米。出且(qie)隆(long)溝(gou)經過(guo)懷(huai)羌城(cheng)(cheng)(即(ji)麻當(dang)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng))、土(tu)門(men)關,直通(tong)臨(lin)夏。西(xi)邊(bian)是廣闊(kuo)的大(da)(da)草原(yuan),其西(xi)北(bei)(bei)通(tong) 道八角城(cheng)(cheng)故(gu)址(zhi)位于(yu)夏河縣城(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)(bei)35公里(li)大(da)(da)夏河(古(gu)稱漓(li)水)支(zhi)(zhi)流央曲(qu)河上游(you)(you)且(qie)隆(long)溝(gou)內臺地上,海(hai)拔2100米。出且(qie)隆(long)溝(gou)經過(guo)懷(huai)羌城(cheng)(cheng)(即(ji)麻當(dang)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng))、土(tu)門(men)關,直通(tong)臨(lin)夏。西(xi)邊(bian)是廣闊(kuo)的大(da)(da)草原(yuan),其西(xi)北(bei)(bei)通(tong)過(guo)達里(li)加山隘口,可直通(tong)青海(hai)。1981年,甘肅省(sheng)人(ren)民政府(fu)公布(bu)八角城(cheng)(cheng)故(gu)址(zhi)為省(sheng)級文物(wu)保護單位。

八角城(cheng)所在地四周山巒環抱,地層屬于巴顏(yan)喀喇一一秦嶺地層區(qu)北(bei)秦嶺地層下白(bai)(bai)堊紀,城(cheng)北(bei)是著名的白(bai)(bai)石崖。甘加(jia)鄉盆地中草(cao)灘廣(guang)闊,谷(gu)溝寬敞,溪流(liu)縱橫,自(zi)古以來是天然的優質(zhi)牧場,盛產甘加(jia)羊(yang)、牦(mao)牛、蕨麻豬等優質(zhi)品種。草(cao)甸(dian)邊緣,巖石裸露(lu)、斷崖百丈(zhang),形成了橫亙10余(yu)里的白(bai)(bai)石崖矗壁,其主峰達(da)里加(jia)山海拔4636米,為夏河縣第一高峰。

特點

八角(jiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)憑山依水(shui),居高(gao)臨下,內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外(wai)廓,引水(shui)護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),層(ceng)層(ceng)設防(fang),首(shou)尾相顧(gu)。而總體布局又和(he)一(yi)(yi)般城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)堡(bao)又不(bu)相同,特別(bie)是內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)20個(ge)面、16個(ge)外(wai)角(jiao)(8個(ge)外(wai)直角(jiao)抹平(ping)后變為16個(ge)外(wai)角(jiao))和(he)4個(ge)內直角(jiao)相互照應,克服(fu)了一(yi)(yi)般城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)堡(bao)在防(fang)御(yu)上(shang)不(bu)可避免(mian)死角(jiao)的(de)弊病。是一(yi)(yi)座防(fang)御(yu)性甚強的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)堡(bao)。北京故(gu)宮外(wai)圍城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻的(de)建筑(zhu)形制(zhi)與八角(jiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)建筑(zhu)極為相似。因此,八角(jiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)故(gu)址為研究中國(guo)古代(dai)建城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)史具(ju)有極高(gao)的(de)藝術和(he)科研價(jia)值(zhi)。

八(ba)角(jiao)城(cheng)(cheng)因(yin)其有(you)八(ba)個(ge)城(cheng)(cheng)角(jiao)而得名,城(cheng)(cheng)廓是一(yi)個(ge)空(kong)心(xin)的十字形。八(ba)角(jiao)城(cheng)(cheng)全長(chang)2193.4米(mi),合2.2公里,城(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)占地300畝。城(cheng)(cheng)外(wai)(wai)有(you)護城(cheng)(cheng)河、護城(cheng)(cheng)壕,還有(you)外(wai)(wai)廓,南門外(wai)(wai)另有(you)外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)。

從(cong)建筑(zhu)工藝(yi)上看(kan),該城(cheng)(cheng)系唐以前所(suo)建,建筑(zhu)形式上突破了方形格局,十(shi)分獨特。城(cheng)(cheng)雖不小,但城(cheng)(cheng)角之間距離(li)均在弓弩的(de)有效射程(cheng)之內(nei),可互為照(zhao)應,因(yin)而(er)易守難攻。

歷史沿革

八角城(cheng)(cheng),藏(zang)(zang)語(yu)稱“卡爾昂(ang)”,藏(zang)(zang)文史稱為(wei)“雍仲卡爾”,意(yi)為(wei)“萬字(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)”,實際是一個(ge)(ge)空(kong)心的(de)“十”字(zi)形城(cheng)(cheng)。它打(da)破了傳(chuan)統的(de)方城(cheng)(cheng)構筑慣例,內城(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)空(kong)心十字(zi)型,但截(jie)去城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)四面(mian)凸出(chu)部分的(de)8個(ge)(ge)角,形成為(wei)20個(ge)(ge)面(mian),在“十”字(zi)的(de)各角上(shang)有馬面(mian),計(ji)8個(ge)(ge)。早(zao)在漢代(dai),這里(li)就設(she)有白石縣(xian),《漢書(shu)》卷二十八下:金城(cheng)(cheng)郡轄縣(xian)十三,其中有白石縣(xian),并有離水(shui)出(chu)西塞外,東(dong)至(zhi)袍(pao)罕入河(he)。王莽時(shi)期稱之(zhi)為(wei)頃礫(li)。是絲綢之(zhi)路河(he)南道(dao)上(shang)的(de)重要軍事(shi)建筑遺址。

絲綢(chou)之路河(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)(nan)道(dao)開創于(yu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)朝時(shi)期(qi),是(shi)由(you)(you)(you)西(xi)域(yu)、漠北(bei)、涼州出(chu)發(fa),經(jing)(jing)吐(tu)谷(gu)渾河(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)(nan)國,而(er)往古代(dai)(dai)益州、建康去的(de)國際通道(dao)。它(ta)由(you)(you)(you)許(xu)多路線組成,但主要路線是(shi):由(you)(you)(you)若羌(qiang)、敦煌或武威(涼州)出(chu)發(fa),經(jing)(jing)過青海湖(hu)至(zhi)(zhi)黃河(he)(he)以南(nan)(nan)(nan)的(de)吐(tu)谷(gu)渾地區,而(er)抵(di)達長江(jiang)上游的(de)松(song)潘(pan)(pan)地區,再由(you)(you)(you)松(song)潘(pan)(pan)地區沿岷(min)江(jiang)而(er)下至(zhi)(zhi)成都(dou)。這條路線在(zai)甘肅省境(jing)內有三段:由(you)(you)(you)松(song)潘(pan)(pan)出(chu)發(fa),沿東岷(min)江(jiang)而(er)上,經(jing)(jing)南(nan)(nan)(nan)坪至(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)縣(xian),這是(shi)陰平南(nan)(nan)(nan)支(zhi)(zhi)道(dao);第二(er)段是(shi)陰平中(zhong)(zhong)支(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)西(xi)段,由(you)(you)(you)文(wen)(wen)縣(xian)出(chu)發(fa),經(jing)(jing)峰迭(die)、華嚴(yan)諸古城(cheng),至(zhi)(zhi)迭(die)部(bu);第三段是(shi)河(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)(nan)中(zhong)(zhong)支(zhi)(zhi)道(dao),由(you)(you)(you)迭(die)部(bu)出(chu)發(fa),經(jing)(jing)碌(liu)曲、夏河(he)(he)、臨夏,至(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)寧。這條路線的(de)沿線多保留(liu)大(da)量的(de)古代(dai)(dai)城(cheng)址,分(fen)布(bu)線路比較分(fen)明,由(you)(you)(you)松(song)潘(pan)(pan)向東北(bei)方向延(yan)伸,多半都(dou)是(shi)吐(tu)谷(gu)渾時(shi)期(qi)與唐代(dai)(dai)的(de)。此(ci)(ci)次勘察時(shi),我們在(zai)八(ba)(ba)角城(cheng)內發(fa)現一些魏晉時(shi)期(qi)的(de)殘磚斷瓦。據當(dang)地文(wen)(wen)物部(bu)門的(de)同志講,他(ta)們曾經(jing)(jing)在(zai)—八(ba)(ba)角城(cheng)故址征集到(dao)大(da)量唐、宋時(shi)期(qi)的(de)金(jin)屬貨幣,發(fa)現了新莽貨幣及其他(ta)文(wen)(wen)物。因此(ci)(ci),可初步推測:八(ba)(ba)角城(cheng)即漢代(dai)(dai)的(de)白石(shi)城(cheng)、唐代(dai)(dai)的(de)雕窩城(cheng)、宋代(dai)(dai)的(de)移公城(cheng)。

由(you)于絲綢(chou)之路河南(nan)道的逐漸廢棄,又成為(wei)唐蕃古道上的重要軍(jun)事(shi)設(she)施,因此,八角城在唐、宋時(shi)期,具有雙重身份:

其(qi)一,是延續絲綢之(zhi)路(lu)河南(nan)道(dao)的交通要(yao)道(dao)作用,并(bing)成為(wei)吐蕃地(di)方(fang)政權(quan)響廝噦(hui)“聯宋(song)抗夏”、溝通漢藏商路(lu)和在(zai)西夏截斷河西走廊絲綢之(zhi)路(lu)中(zhong)線后南(nan)線上(shang)的重要(yao)通道(dao)。該城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)唐代稱“一公城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”、“雕窩城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”、“葉公城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”。宋(song)崇寧二(er)年(nian)(nian)改(gai)名為(wei)循化(hua)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。《宋(song)史(shi)·地(di)理志》稱:“循化(hua)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng), 舊(jiu)一公城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),崇寧二(er)年(nian)(nian)收(shou)復,改(gai)今名”。“樂州(zhou)。舊(jiu)邈川城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),元(yuan)符二(er)年(nian)(nian)收(shou)復,建(jian)為(wei)湟州(zhou),建(jian)中(zhong)靖國元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)棄之(zhi)。崇寧二(er)年(nian)(nian)又復。三年(nian)(nian),置倚郭縣,五年(nian)(nian)罷。大觀三年(nian)(nian),加向德軍(jun)節度。宣和元(yuan)年(nian)(nian),改(gai)為(wei)樂州(zhou)”。

其二(er),是(shi)(shi)唐蕃古(gu)(gu)道(dao)(dao)上(shang)的重要軍事設置,是(shi)(shi)中央王朝(chao)保(bao)護絲綢之(zhi)路南線暢通和(he)保(bao)障郵驛安(an)全的重要設施。唐蕃古(gu)(gu)道(dao)(dao)在甘肅省境內(nei)(nei)越(yue)過陜(shan)甘兩省界山(shan)——隴山(shan)到達秦州(今甘肅天水),溯渭(wei)水繼續西(xi)上(shang)越(yue)鳥(niao)鼠(shu)山(shan)到臨州(甘肅臨洮)。從臨洮西(xi)北行,經河州(甘肅臨夏)渡黃河進入(ru)青海境內(nei)(nei),再經龍支(zhi)城(青海民和(he)柴(chai)溝北古(gu)(gu)城)西(xi)北行到鄯州(青海樂都),可以(yi)稱古(gu)(gu)道(dao)(dao)東段,全在唐王朝(chao)境內(nei)(nei),這是(shi)(shi)漢(han)代以(yi)來從中原進入(ru)河湟地區的傳統路線。城內(nei)(nei)出土(tu)有大量唐、宋時期(qi)的建(jian)筑構(gou)件和(he)文物。

元、明(ming)時期(qi),八角(jiao)城開始廢棄,但只(zhi)是一座重要(yao)的(de)驛(yi)站(zhan)。宋(song)代(dai)所稱的(de)“移(yi)公城”在明(ming)代(dai)即(ji)青海(hai)蒙古(gu)火(huo)落(luo)赤(chi)的(de)駐(zhu)牧地捏(nie)貢川。清代(dai)以來稱甘加川,即(ji)今(jin)大夏河的(de)支流鐵龍溝,《中國歷史地圖集(ji)·北宋(song)秦(qin)鳳路圖》亦將移(yi)公城位置標示于此(ci)一帶。

清代初年準(zhun)備在(zai)(zai)這里開墾(ken)(ken)屯田(tian),但由于自然條件較差而未能實施。乾隆(long)年間始有“八(ba)角(jiao)城”的名稱,乾隆(long)七年《大(da)學士(shi)鄂爾泰(tai)為遵旨議復捏(nie)貢(gong)川地(di)方屯田(tian)事奏折》:“查從前鄂彌達奏請將河州八(ba)角(jiao)城之(zhi)捏(nie)貢(gong)川地(di)方挑浚河渠,開墾(ken)(ken)荒地(di)。臣等議令(ling)該督撫委員查勘(kan),于奏到之(zhi)日(ri)再(zai)議。捏(nie)貢(gong)川遠(yuan)在(zai)(zai)番夷,泉水既不足以灌田(tian),而地(di)土(tu)又難(nan)于開墾(ken)(ken),兼之(zhi)地(di)寒霜(shuang)早,不能必其成熟,徒勞(lao)民力,虛糜帑(tang)項,均屬(shu)無益。”清政府(fu)放棄(qi)在(zai)(zai)此地(di)開墾(ken)(ken)土(tu)地(di)的計劃,說明在(zai)(zai)清代時八(ba)角(jiao)城已廢棄(qi)。

據當地(di)一位(wei)88歲的(de)藏(zang)民(min)回憶,清代末年(nian),八(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)城(cheng)內(nei)尚無(wu)居(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)居(ju)(ju)(ju)住(zhu),城(cheng)內(nei)居(ju)(ju)(ju)住(zhu)少量的(de)清兵(bing)。民(min)國時期,當地(di)漢(han)、藏(zang)居(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)開始大(da)量入住(zhu)八(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)城(cheng)。八(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)城(cheng)故址(zhi)內(nei)現有(you)七十(shi)余(yu)戶人家,五百多人,藏(zang)、漢(han)雜(za)居(ju)(ju)(ju)。藏(zang)族居(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)有(you)三(san)分之二,八(ba)(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)城(cheng)村是(shi)附近地(di)區(qu)大(da)的(de)自然村。全村以放牧(mu)為主(zhu),略做些(xie)農業。村中小學(xue)學(xue)習藏(zang)、漢(han)兩種語言。

八角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)故址方位正北(bei),總體上呈北(bei)高(gao)(gao)南(nan)低,南(nan)北(bei)高(gao)(gao)差6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右(you)(you);西(xi)高(gao)(gao)東(dong)低,東(dong)西(xi)高(gao)(gao)差3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右(you)(you)。整(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)(ge)(ge)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)保存(cun)(cun)較好。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻是由一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)層(ceng)土(tu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)層(ceng)砂石夯筑而成。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般土(tu)層(ceng)厚8一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)12厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),砂石層(ceng)厚3厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右(you)(you),南(nan)甕(weng)(weng)(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)及其他局部(bu)(bu)地方底部(bu)(bu)夯層(ceng)厚22厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),夾(jia)棍(gun)垂直(zhi)距離42—110厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),水平(ping)相距不(bu)均,夾(jia)棍(gun)眼(yan)直(zhi)徑為(wei)(wei)10厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右(you)(you)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻外(wai)(wai)(wai)圍周(zhou)長為(wei)(wei)2540米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。現存(cun)(cun)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻殘(can)高(gao)(gao)6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)13米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi):城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻底寬(kuan)(kuan)1l米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)13米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),上寬(kuan)(kuan)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)18米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)四面(mian)(mian)(mian)正中(zhong)有(you)(you)甕(weng)(weng)(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。東(dong)、西(xi)兩面(mian)(mian)(mian)緊(jin)鄰(lin)甕(weng)(weng)(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)南(nan)側各有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)夾(jia)道(dao),形(xing)似“S”,東(dong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)夾(jia)道(dao)寬(kuan)(kuan)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(殘(can));西(xi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)夾(jia)道(dao)寬(kuan)(kuan)3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。整(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)(ge)(ge)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)8個(ge)(ge)(ge)外(wai)(wai)(wai)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)均被抹平(ping),形(xing)成了16個(ge)(ge)(ge)外(wai)(wai)(wai)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),內角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)直(zhi)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),緊(jin)鄰(lin)直(zhi)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)外(wai)(wai)(wai)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)處均有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)馬(ma)面(mian)(mian)(mian),現存(cun)(cun)馬(ma)面(mian)(mian)(mian)6個(ge)(ge)(ge)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻外(wai)(wai)(wai)圍有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)護(hu)(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕,護(hu)(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕不(bu)完整(zheng)(zheng),殘(can)存(cun)(cun)部(bu)(bu)分寬(kuan)(kuan)4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),深2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),護(hu)(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕外(wai)(wai)(wai)有(you)(you)護(hu)(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河(he)(he)(he),寬(kuan)(kuan)6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)14米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),深2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)13米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),護(hu)(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河(he)(he)(he)水引自言江(央拉(la)河(he)(he)(he))水,河(he)(he)(he)水從城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)分兩支流(liu)繞城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)向南(nan)流(liu),后匯入央曲河(he)(he)(he)。護(hu)(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河(he)(he)(he)外(wai)(wai)(wai)有(you)(you)外(wai)(wai)(wai)廓,外(wai)(wai)(wai)廓輪(lun)廓西(xi)、北(bei)兩面(mian)(mian)(mian)較明顯(xian)。

八(ba)角城(cheng)南面(mian)甕城(cheng)外東南角有(you)一(yi)外城(cheng),城(cheng)廓明顯,根據地形(xing)而建(jian),呈現(xian)出不規(gui)則的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)方(fang)形(xing),長(chang)寬為130~66米。從位置分析,似是經(jing)過此(ci)地的(de)(de)(de)商人(ren)居(ju)住之(zhi)地,相當(dang)于今天的(de)(de)(de)旅館。但有(you)人(ren)認為是練兵場。

在城(cheng)內居(ju)民(min)家中發現的(de)(de)(de)少量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)金屬貨幣,基本(ben)上屬于宋、明、清(qing)時(shi)期。同時(shi)還(huan)有(you)元代少數民(min)族銅(tong)(tong)飾牌(pai)和刻有(you)“吳(wu)興”銘文(wen)的(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)牌(pai),明代的(de)(de)(de)宣(xuan)德(de)爐和清(qing)代的(de)(de)(de)酥油燈(deng)等。據當(dang)地(di)居(ju)民(min)講,文(wen)物販子經常出(chu)現在八角城(cheng)村(cun),居(ju)民(min)們家中的(de)(de)(de)許多文(wen)物已(yi)經出(chu)售給文(wen)物販子。當(dang)地(di)居(ju)民(min)家中還(huan)保存大量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)灰布紋瓦、勾頭滴水、吻獸(shou)及(ji)門(men)枕石等建筑構件。

根據歷年來征集(ji)到的(de)(de)文物以及史料的(de)(de)記載,八角城(cheng)(cheng)應初建于南北朝時期,宋(song)代進行了完整的(de)(de)修(xiu)筑過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng),從筑城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)技(ji)法上看,元代也(ye)進行了較大規模的(de)(de)修(xiu)繕工程(cheng)(cheng)。清代時,八角城(cheng)(cheng)已被放棄。

價值

秦(qin)漢時期,甘南(nan)屬于(yu)西(xi)(xi)羌,甘加地(di)區因地(di)利位(wei)置的特殊,在(zai)此(ci)(ci)設置白石(shi)縣(xian)。甘加草原是古代隴右通(tong)往青海東(dong)南(nan)部(bu)的門戶,八(ba)角城位(wei)居此(ci)(ci)道的必經之(zhi)(zhi)處,而此(ci)(ci)處又(you)成為(wei)東(dong)連袍罕(今(jin)臨夏),西(xi)(xi)通(tong)西(xi)(xi)平 (今(jin)樂都(dou))之(zhi)(zhi)咽喉(hou)要(yao)津(jin)。北宋時期,西(xi)(xi)夏東(dong)侵北宋疆土,并切斷(duan)河(he)西(xi)(xi)走(zou)廊(lang)。確廝噦“聯宋抗夏”,開(kai)辟了(le)(le)南(nan)絲(si)綢之(zhi)(zhi)路(lu)(lu),并保證了(le)(le)絲(si)綢之(zhi)(zhi)路(lu)(lu)南(nan)線暢通(tong)無阻(zu)。絲(si)綢之(zhi)(zhi)路(lu)(lu)南(nan)線是宋代通(tong)往西(xi)(xi)域的通(tong)道。此(ci)(ci)地(di)地(di)名雖經多次變(bian)更,而各朝(chao)歷(li)(li)代的高統治(zhi)者(zhe)對此(ci)(ci)道也極為(wei)重視(shi)。因此(ci)(ci),八(ba)角城在(zai)歷(li)(li)史上(shang)溝通(tong)漢人與其(qi)他民族關系(xi)、疏通(tong)貿易渠(qu)道及(ji)和平友好往來起到了(le)(le)積極的作用。

八(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)故(gu)(gu)址的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑形式(shi),是我國(guo)古代城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)堡(bao)傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑形式(shi),外(wai)掘城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕,內(nei)建(jian)(jian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)堡(bao),引水護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻為夯層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)夾棍做法,夾棍粗細(xi)較(jiao)均(jun)勻,且排列有(you)序。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻下部夯層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)較(jiao)厚(22厘米(mi)),夯土(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)間有(you)砂(sha)石伴有(you)樹枝。緊連內(nei)角(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)角(jiao)(jiao)處(chu)有(you)馬面(mian)。八(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)憑山(shan)依水,居高(gao)臨下,內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外(wai)廓(kuo),引水護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)設(she)防(fang)(fang),首(shou)尾相顧。而總體布局又(you)和一(yi)般城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)堡(bao)又(you)不相同,特(te)別是內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)20個面(mian)、16個外(wai)角(jiao)(jiao)(8個外(wai)直角(jiao)(jiao)抹(mo)平(ping)后(hou)變為16個外(wai)角(jiao)(jiao))和4個內(nei)直角(jiao)(jiao)相互(hu)照(zhao)應(ying),克服了一(yi)般城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)堡(bao)在防(fang)(fang)御上不可避免死角(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)弊病。是一(yi)座(zuo)防(fang)(fang)御性甚強的(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)堡(bao)。北京故(gu)(gu)宮外(wai)圍城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑形制與(yu)八(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑極為相似。因此,八(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)故(gu)(gu)址為研究中(zhong)國(guo)古代建(jian)(jian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)史具有(you)極高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)術和科研價值。

經考(kao)古專家調查(cha)、勘測,所(suo)得出的(de)初(chu)步結(jie)論為(wei),八角(jiao)(jiao)城(cheng)在(zai)0.5平方公里的(de)范(fan)圍內設城(cheng)建制,以其城(cheng)為(wei)正(zheng)南北(bei)方位的(de)中軸線來看,已屬我(wo)國古代社會典型的(de)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)風貌。城(cheng)墻下層(ceng)整土層(ceng)常夾有新石(shi)器時代碎陶片(pian),其上(shang)層(ceng)也(ye)有唐、宋以來的(de)陶片(pian)出現,再加上(shang)城(cheng)外西北(bei)高地漢墓群(qun)和(he)出土王莽(mang)時代貨幣,推出八角(jiao)(jiao)城(cheng)建于漢代。八角(jiao)(jiao)城(cheng)以它(ta)特有的(de)城(cheng)垣結(jie)構,為(wei)我(wo)們展現了古代屯田點上(shang)設計(ji)守防城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)的(de)風貌,在(zai)城(cheng)堡(bao)的(de)設計(ji)上(shang)突(tu)破(po)過(guo)(guo)去方形(xing)、矩(ju)形(xing)的(de)整框框而自(zi)然體系,在(zai)我(wo)國現存在(zai)中突(tu)破(po)過(guo)(guo)去方形(xing)、矩(ju)形(xing)的(de)整框框而自(zi)成體系。

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