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世德堂怎么樣

世德堂是蘭溪(xi)地區(qu)最具宋(song)元風格的(de)木構建(jian)(jian)筑，其正廳檐下的(de)單抄雙下昂六鋪作和內槽三(san)疊梁等都(dou)是當地古(gu)建(jian)(jian)的(de)罕(han)見孤例，1997年(nian)(nian)(nian)該建(jian)(jian)筑被(bei)公布(bu)為浙江(jiang)省文物保護單位。譜載世德堂是為祭祀三(san)泉(quan)人唐(tang)元章、唐(tang)良嗣兩(liang)位南(nan)宋(song)抗元名將(jiang)而(er)建(jian)(jian)，南(nan)宋(song)德祐二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1276年(nian)(nian)(nian))唐(tang)氏叔侄二人率兵大敗(bai)元軍于蘭溪(xi)黃湓灘，朝廷加元章朝請大夫，命知嚴州，加良嗣閣門宣贊武翼將(jiang)軍、江(jiang)淮閩浙都(dou)統兵馬使，兩(liang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)后分(fen)別(bie)戰(zhan)死在龍(long)游(you)白云(yun)寺和江(jiang)山仙(xian)霞(xia)嶺，宋(song)丞相文天祥為其題寫的(de)“正氣千(qian)秋”、勅封“武翼將(jiang)軍”兩(liang)古(gu)匾一直保留于世德堂，所以民間有世德堂為宋(song)元遺構之說。

2005年(nian)世德堂維修期(qi)間(jian)，“狀元及第(di)”（明嘉靖庚戌(xu)殿試第(di)一(yi)甲第(di)一(yi)名(ming)唐汝楫立）、“翰(han)林學(xue)士”（宋(song)天(tian)圣翰(han)林唐滿立）、勅(chi)封“溫國公”（宋(song)戶部(bu)侍(shi)郎(lang)唐恪(ke)立）、特賜“成忠(zhong)郎(lang)”（宋(song)鄧州都司唐堯(yao)卿(qing)立）等宋(song)明豎匾(bian)也(ye)得(de)到修整，另有幾十塊毀于“文(wen)革(ge)”的橫匾(bian)也(ye)因當年(nian)一(yi)位睿智(zhi)老人的偷偷摘抄(chao)而重見天(tian)日于盛世。那些標榜著宗族榮(rong)耀(yao)的文(wen)字多(duo)少會有炫耀(yao)和教化的動機，但無疑也(ye)是唐氏后(hou)裔的精神氣質(zhi)所(suo)在。

世德(de)堂(tang)俗稱(cheng)將士(shi)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)，坐(zuo)北朝南偏東45°左右，總體為(wei)(wei)(wei)三進兩(liang)天井合(he)院式(shi)，依次有(you)(you)(you)照壁、門(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)、門(men)(men)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、正(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、后(hou)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)、廂廊(lang)(lang)(lang)(lang)、夾弄(nong)等(deng)組成。現存(cun)磚雕(diao)門(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)明(ming)嘉靖年(nian)(nian)間(jian)(jian)(jian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)造，四(si)(si)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)五(wu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)牌坊式(shi)，樓(lou)(lou)(lou)脊(ji)有(you)(you)(you)寶瓶、三戟、獅子和(he)魚龍吻獸等(deng)吉祥飾物，正(zheng)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)下(xia)(xia)書“東魯”二字(zi)，意(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)不忘(wang)山東先祖(zu)，額(e)枋上有(you)(you)(you)高浮雕(diao)的雙獅戲球、麒(qi)麟、牡丹等(deng)，各(ge)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)跳仿(fang)木(mu)(mu)(mu)五(wu)踩計心斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)十(shi)二攢(zan)，部(bu)分施象(xiang)鼻昂(ang)，拱(gong)(gong)(gong)眼壁等(deng)處(chu)有(you)(you)(you)彩畫(hua)。樓(lou)(lou)(lou)下(xia)(xia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)石(shi)庫門(men)(men)，有(you)(you)(you)泡(pao)釘(ding)，兩(liang)旁(pang)設抱鼓(gu)石(shi)和(he)旗桿(gan)石(shi)。門(men)(men)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)面闊三間(jian)(jian)(jian)，進深九(jiu)檁(lin)，明(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)抬(tai)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)式(shi)五(wu)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)對(dui)前(qian)后(hou)雙步，次間(jian)(jian)(jian)抬(tai)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)穿(chuan)斗(dou)(dou)混(hun)合(he)式(shi)，磚制(zhi)仿(fang)木(mu)(mu)(mu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)，明(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)后(hou)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)在(zai)清道光二十(shi)年(nian)(nian)（1840年(nian)(nian)）拆改出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)單檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)歇(xie)山頂固定(ding)式(shi)戲臺，檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)下(xia)(xia)撐托(tuo)獅子牛腿(tui)，該(gai)進建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)在(zai)3年(nian)(nian)前(qian)的大修中更換了較多的大木(mu)(mu)(mu)構(gou)(gou)件。戲臺正(zheng)對(dui)正(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)，兩(liang)旁(pang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)廂廊(lang)(lang)(lang)(lang)各(ge)三間(jian)(jian)(jian)圍(wei)合(he)天井。正(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)面闊三間(jian)(jian)(jian)，進深三間(jian)(jian)(jian)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)才粗壯(zhuang)，結構(gou)(gou)奇巧，在(zai)當地(di)有(you)(you)(you)民間(jian)(jian)(jian)小皇宮之稱(cheng)。前(qian)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭和(he)補間(jian)(jian)(jian)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)單抄雙下(xia)(xia)昂(ang)六(liu)鋪作共(gong)十(shi)朵（其中補間(jian)(jian)(jian)各(ge)兩(liang)朵），單材重(zhong)(zhong)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)計心造，昂(ang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)琴面昂(ang)，整體與宋元(yuan)官式(shi)做法(fa)相似，但補間(jian)(jian)(jian)鋪作無后(hou)尾，顯然以裝飾為(wei)(wei)(wei)主、受力為(wei)(wei)(wei)輔。前(qian)廊(lang)(lang)(lang)(lang)五(wu)檁(lin)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)覆水椽，梁(liang)(liang)(liang)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)抬(tai)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)式(shi)結構(gou)(gou)，單步梁(liang)(liang)(liang)、三架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)五(wu)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)均(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)扁作月梁(liang)(liang)(liang)造，梁(liang)(liang)(liang)頭無雕(diao)飾，梁(liang)(liang)(liang)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)節(jie)點處(chu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)足(zu)材丁(ding)頭拱(gong)(gong)(gong)，騎(qi)栿(fa)(fa)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)順檁(lin)方向出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)三跳足(zu)材，坐(zuo)斗(dou)(dou)下(xia)(xia)用(yong)(yong)(yong)駝峰。內槽七(qi)檁(lin)，明(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)抬(tai)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)式(shi)結構(gou)(gou)，三架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)、五(wu)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)、七(qi)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)互相疊加成“三疊梁(liang)(liang)(liang)”，七(qi)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)插入前(qian)后(hou)金柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)櫨斗(dou)(dou)，櫨斗(dou)(dou)用(yong)(yong)(yong)圓形(xing)，出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)十(shi)字(zi)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)、蟬肚替木(mu)(mu)(mu)等(deng)承(cheng)托(tuo)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)栿(fa)(fa)。所有(you)(you)(you)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)栿(fa)(fa)間(jian)(jian)(jian)均(jun)(jun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)騎(qi)栿(fa)(fa)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)（十(shi)字(zi)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)）承(cheng)托(tuo)，次間(jian)(jian)(jian)山縫抬(tai)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)穿(chuan)斗(dou)(dou)混(hun)合(he)式(shi)，中柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)落地(di)，兩(liang)旁(pang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)單步梁(liang)(liang)(liang)、雙步梁(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)三步梁(liang)(liang)(liang)疊加，風格與明(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)取得統(tong)一(yi)(yi)。后(hou)廊(lang)(lang)(lang)(lang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)單步。后(hou)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)額(e)及內額(e)施一(yi)(yi)斗(dou)(dou)九(jiu)升的扶壁拱(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)襻間(jian)(jian)(jian)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)。除西(xi)次間(jian)(jian)(jian)前(qian)廊(lang)(lang)(lang)(lang)有(you)(you)(you)石(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)兩(liang)根(gen)(gen)外均(jun)(jun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)木(mu)(mu)(mu)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，梭柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)明(ming)顯，明(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、四(si)(si)金柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)鼓(gu)狀柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)礎，其余為(wei)(wei)(wei)礩形(xing)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)礎。根(gen)(gen)據正(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)大木(mu)(mu)(mu)分析，專家斷代為(wei)(wei)(wei)元(yuan)末明(ming)初建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)。后(hou)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)為(wei)(wei)(wei)清末添建(jian)(jian)(jian)，三間(jian)(jian)(jian)兩(liang)搭廂式(shi)，正(zheng)房為(wei)(wei)(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)屋，樓(lou)(lou)(lou)下(xia)(xia)明(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)抬(tai)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)結構(gou)(gou)，每間(jian)(jian)(jian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)四(si)(si)扇五(wu)抹(mo)隔扇門(men)(men)，前(qian)廊(lang)(lang)(lang)(lang)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)三檁(lin)，青石(shi)抹(mo)角方柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，四(si)(si)只人物動物牛腿(tui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)近年(nian)(nian)被盜后(hou)重(zhong)(zhong)新復制(zhi)，兩(liang)次間(jian)(jian)(jian)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)與山墻間(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)(you)木(mu)(mu)(mu)梯可(ke)登樓(lou)(lou)(lou)，樓(lou)(lou)(lou)上草架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)七(qi)檁(lin)，前(qian)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)有(you)(you)(you)樸素的壺嘴形(xing)撐拱(gong)(gong)(gong)。后(hou)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)存(cun)有(you)(you)(you)供(gong)奉祖(zu)先牌位的神櫥，小木(mu)(mu)(mu)作較為(wei)(wei)(wei)考究。