芒果视频下载

文物遺存

下菰(gu)城遺址地處湖州市南(nan)郊(jiao)12．5公里云巢(chao)鄉窯頭村，為戰國時(shi)楚春中君黃(huang)歇封地。楚考烈工十五(wu)年(公元(yuan)前248)黃(huang)歇在此置菰(gu)城縣，距(ju)今已有2200余年。菰(gu)城得名于因“城西溪澤我草彌望(wang)”，是湖州早的古城址，為省級重點文物保護(hu)單位。

下菰城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址(zhi)坐落(luo)在(zai)一(yi)個自北(bei)(bei)向南(nan)傾斜(xie)的山(shan)坡上，背倚和尚(shang)山(shan)，東(dong)北(bei)(bei)靠近(jin)金蓋山(shan)。下菰城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)分內(nei)外(wai)兩(liang)重，其(qi)中(zhong)外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)略似圓角(jiao)等邊二角(jiao)形，現存城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)周(zhou)長約1800米。東(dong)北(bei)(bei)和西(xi)北(bei)(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)保存完(wan)好，無南(nan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)。內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)位于外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)南(nan)隅，現存城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)周(zhou)約1200米，除南(nan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)邁(mai)較殘外(wai)，其(qi)余部(bu)分保存都(dou)較完(wan)好。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)一(yi)般高度在(zai)9米左(zuo)右，上部(bu)寬5-6米，底(di)部(bu)寬30米。內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)有闕(que)口(kou)六，外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)有闕(que)口(kou)三。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)用黃(huang)土夯筑(zhu)而成，較實。

在下菰城(cheng)的(de)城(cheng)垣(yuan)中夾雜有印紋(wen)(wen)陶(tao)、原始(shi)青(qing)瓷和夾砂陶(tao)片等(deng)(deng)；印紋(wen)(wen)陶(tao)有云(yun)雷紋(wen)(wen)、回紋(wen)(wen)、折線紋(wen)(wen)、組合紋(wen)(wen)等(deng)(deng)。附近山頂(ding)上還分布有傳說的(de)“烽火墩(dun)”，據發掘為土墩(dun)墓、石室(shi)墓等(deng)(deng)。

下(xia)菰(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)(yi)址在(zai)(zai)云巢鄉(xiang)的(de)東(dong)(dong)南隅，西(xi)北倚和尚山(shan)(shan)，北面(mian)(mian)是金(jin)蓋山(shan)(shan)，東(dong)(dong)南臨東(dong)(dong)苕溪，背(bei)山(shan)(shan)面(mian)(mian)水。距今約2000年(nian)。當時(shi)(shi)這(zhe)里(li)“起青(qing)樓(lou)連延十里(li)”，十分繁華。現在(zai)(zai)除南城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)，其余各邊的(de)斷垣(yuan)(yuan)殘(can)壁依(yi)然(ran)存在(zai)(zai)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)分內(nei)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)兩圈(quan)，皆(jie)橢圓(yuan)略帶三角形。外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)圈(quan)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)約20萬平(ping)方米(mi)(mi)；內(nei)圈(quan)位于外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)兩圈(quan)的(de)東(dong)(dong)南隅，面(mian)(mian)積(ji)約8萬平(ping)方米(mi)(mi)。由(you)于當時(shi)(shi)燒(shao)磚(zhuan)技術尚未(wei)普及，內(nei)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)兩城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)均不(bu)用磚(zhuan)砌，而(er)是用黃土(tu)夯打筑實，高約9米(mi)(mi)。下(xia)菰(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)尚未(wei)經過正式(shi)考古發掘，但在(zai)(zai)遺(yi)(yi)址上仍(reng)可揀到鐮(lian)形刀和印陶罐殘(can)片等(deng)戰(zhan)國時(shi)(shi)代遺(yi)(yi)物。明代詩人張羽曾慕名來此游覽(lan)，并賦有《下(xia)菰(gu)長煙(yan)》詩：“坡(po)陀(tuo)廢壘青(qing)山(shan)(shan)側，至今傳是春申宅。三千劍履化為(wei)塵，蔓(man)草(cao)(cao)蒼煙(yan)淡草(cao)(cao)瑟”，形象地描繪了當時(shi)(shi)這(zhe)里(li)的(de)荒(huang)涼景色。

兩千多年過(guo)去了(le)，這座(zuo)當(dang)(dang)年繁華(hua)一(yi)時的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)邑(yi)廢圯已久。現在除南(nan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)一(yi)段(duan)外(wai)，其余各邊的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)殘壁依然存在。為中(zhong)(zhong)國東南(nan)名省古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址(zhi)年代(dai)早保存為完整的(de)(de)一(yi)座(zuo)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)浙江省重點文(wen)(wen)物保護單(dan)位。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)有(you)內外(wai)兩圈(quan)，其平面(mian)像兩個均呈(cheng)三(san)角形。外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)面(mian)積(ji)約(yue)二十平方(fang)米，應(ying)是(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)獻記載中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)“重城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”；內圈(quan)位于(yu)外(wai)圈(quan)的(de)(de)東南(nan)隅，面(mian)積(ji)約(yue)八萬平方(fang)米，應(ying)是(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)獻記載中(zhong)(zhong)“子城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”即內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)依山勢而建(jian)，當(dang)(dang)時燒磚技術尚未普及，內外(wai)兩城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)均不用磚砌，而用泥夯(hang)筑，斷(duan)面(mian)呈(cheng)梯形，上寬3—5米，底寬20—30米，高(gao)達(da)6—9米不等。這個周長(chang)四(si)余里的(de)(de)下菰城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)究竟筑于(yu)何時？有(you)的(de)(de)志書認為是(shi)(shi)(shi)“楚春(chun)申(shen)(shen)君(jun)黃歇所(suo)筑”；也有(you)說“今所(suo)謂下菰城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)者，蓋(gai)春(chun)申(shen)(shen)君(jun)伐吳時親壘屯(tun)駐之外(wai)，其四(si)壁間可證”，此均屬(shu)臆斷(duan)，不足為憑(ping)。下菰城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)夾(jia)雜有(you)印(yin)紋(wen)(wen)陶、原始(shi)春(chun)瓷和夾(jia)砂陶片等，印(yin)紋(wen)(wen)陶紋(wen)(wen)飾(shi)有(you)云(yun)雷紋(wen)(wen)、回紋(wen)(wen)、拆(chai)線紋(wen)(wen)、組合紋(wen)(wen)等。附(fu)近山頂上還(huan)分布著，當(dang)(dang)地群眾傳(chuan)說是(shi)(shi)(shi)古(gu)代(dai)“烽火墩”的(de)(de)建(jian)筑（近年考古(gu)界又稱為土墩墓、石室墓），可以說這個城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)邑(yi)的(de)(de)始(shi)建(jian)年代(dai)約(yue)在春(chun)秋(qiu)時期。

基本構造

位于(yu)(yu)浙江湖州市(shi)南(nan)郊金(jin)蓋山下(xia)，國(guo)家重點文物保護(hu)單位。下(xia)菰(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)臨東(dong)(dong)苕(tiao)溪(xi)，北依金(jin)蓋山，是戰國(guo)時楚國(guo)菰(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)縣和秦置烏程縣的(de)(de)(de)縣治，下(xia)菰(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)因(yin)“城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)面溪(xi)澤，菰(gu)草彌望”故名，建于(yu)(yu)戰國(guo)楚考(kao)烈王十五年（前248）。下(xia)菰(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址是中國(guo)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)各省古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址中年代(dai)早，保存完整的(de)(de)(de)一座，下(xia)菰(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)兩圈，外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)（重城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)）面積約(yue)20萬(wan)平方米(mi)；內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)（子(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)）位于(yu)(yu)外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)隅，面積約(yue)8萬(wan)平方米(mi)。下(xia)菰(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)均用(yong)黃土夯(hang)筑，下(xia)菰(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)高(gao)(gao)6-9米(mi)不等，上(shang)部寬3-5米(mi)，底部寬20-30米(mi)，斷面呈梯形。附近山頂上(shang)分布著百(bai)姓(xing)傳說中的(de)(de)(de)古代(dai)“烽(feng)火墩“的(de)(de)(de)建筑，近代(dai)考(kao)古界稱為土墩墓(mu)、石室墓(mu)。現(xian)下(xia)菰(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)筑有(you)下(xia)菰(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址紀念墻(qiang)，高(gao)(gao)3米(mi)，寬18米(mi)，用(yong)花崗巖砌成(cheng)，上(shang)面刻有(you)下(xia)菰(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)悠久歷史。

所含文物

在(zai)下菰(gu)(gu)城的城垣(yuan)中夾(jia)雜有(you)(you)印紋(wen)陶(tao)(tao)、原始青(qing)瓷(ci)和夾(jia)砂(sha)陶(tao)(tao)片等(deng)；印紋(wen)陶(tao)(tao)有(you)(you)云雷紋(wen)、回紋(wen)、折線(xian)紋(wen)、組合紋(wen)等(deng)。附近山(shan)頂(ding)上還(huan)分布(bu)有(you)(you)傳說的“烽火墩”，據發掘為土(tu)墩墓(mu)、石室墓(mu)等(deng)。“城面(mian)溪(xi)澤(ze)，菰(gu)(gu)草彌漫(man)”而(er)得名的下菰(gu)(gu)城，地處(chu)湖州城南二(er)十五里的云巢鄉窯(yao)頭(tou)村(cun)，北依金蓋山(shan)，南臨東苕溪(xi)，順(shun)流向北約四(si)十里可(ke)達太湖，有(you)(you)背山(shan)面(mian)水的地理(li)環境。

價值

下菰(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)遺址(zhi)位(wei)于浙江省湖州市(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)區道場鄉，建于春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)戰國(guo)時(shi)期，是楚國(guo)春(chun)(chun)申君黃歇(xie)的封地。 下菰(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)可分內(nei)外兩(liang)重(zhong)，平面(mian)均呈(cheng)圓角等邊(bian)三角形。現存外城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)長(chang)約(yue)2000米(mi)，城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)總面(mian)積(ji)(ji)達44萬平方米(mi)。內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)居于外城(cheng)(cheng)東南(nan)角，面(mian)積(ji)(ji)約(yue)16萬平方米(mi)。內(nei)、外城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)外側還(huan)有30米(mi)寬(kuan)的壕(hao)溝。城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)均為(wei)泥(ni)土夯(hang)筑而成，現存內(nei)、外城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)各有闕口多處，有的可能為(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)門址(zhi)。下菰(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)門口現新建了(le)一道紀念墻，上面(mian)銘刻下菰(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)主要歷(li)史.。

下菰(gu)城遺址是浙江省(sheng)現存規模大、保(bao)存好的先秦古城址，對其進行(xing)發掘和(he)研(yan)究，對研(yan)究先秦歷史提供珍貴(gui)的實物資料(liao)。

歷史文化

據文(wen)獻記載，下(xia)菰城(cheng)(cheng)是楚(chu)(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)春申君(jun)黃(huang)歇(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)封(feng)地(di)。黃(huang)歇(xie)是戰國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)末(mo)年楚(chu)(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一個貴族。當(dang)時(shi)秦(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)日益強大，開始征(zheng)服六國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)戰爭(zheng)。楚(chu)(chu)王十分害怕(pa)，派黃(huang)歇(xie)出(chu)使秦(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。他機智善辯，說服秦(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)把(ba)兵力引向北方的(de)(de)(de)(de)韓(han)、魏兩(liang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，尤(you)其是他幫助被扣(kou)押(ya)在秦(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)作人(ren)質的(de)(de)(de)(de)楚(chu)(chu)太子(zi)完(wan)(wan)逃(tao)出(chu)秦(qin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)楚(chu)(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)立了(le)大功。公元(yuan)前262年太子(zi)完(wan)(wan)登上楚(chu)(chu)王（即楚(chu)(chu)考烈(lie)王）寶座(zuo)，黃(huang)歇(xie)被任(ren)命為(wei)(wei)(wei)令(ling)尹（楚(chu)(chu)相），并(bing)封(feng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)春申君(jun)，賜(si)淮北地(di)十二縣(xian)。他和齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)孟嘗君(jun)田文(wen)、魏國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)信陵君(jun)魏無忌和趙國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)平原(yuan)君(jun)趙勝(sheng)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)戰國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)未(wei)年的(de)(de)(de)(de)四公子(zi)。但是，淮北地(di)區和齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)領土鄰近，容(rong)易受到齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)威(wei)脅。公元(yuan)前248年，黃(huang)歇(xie)就(jiu)在江東(dong)建立他的(de)(de)(de)(de)領地(di)統治(zhi)，并(bing)在今(jin)湖州的(de)(de)(de)(de)下(xia)菰城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內外(wai)，建筑(zhu)城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)，設置了(le)菰城(cheng)(cheng)縣(xian)，清同治(zhi)《湖州府志》記載：“青樓連延十里，城(cheng)(cheng)內又有小城(cheng)(cheng)……重城(cheng)(cheng)屹然，略(lve)不聵毀，則知當(dang)時(shi)工役之興不茍(gou)矣！”。

遺址研究

下菰城遺址尚(shang)未經(jing)過正式的(de)考(kao)古發掘(jue)，文物(wu)(wu)遺跡尚(shang)被(bei)掩(yan)埋在下面，但是(shi)在地表之上的(de)雜(za)草叢中(zhong)，偶爾仍可揀到鐮形(xing)的(de)石(shi)刀、石(shi)器和印紋陶罐殘(can)片等物(wu)(wu)，多有春秋及以前的(de)文化(hua)遺物(wu)(wu)，因此，關于下菰城的(de)真實面目，尚(shang)待正式考(kao)古發掘(jue)揭開。