顧(gu)(gu)渚貢(gong)(gong)茶院(yuan)位于浙江省長興縣(xian)顧(gu)(gu)渚山側的虎頭巖。它是督造唐代貢(gong)(gong)茶顧(gu)(gu)渚紫(zi)筍茶的場所,也可以說(shuo)是有(you)史(shi)可稽的中(zhong)國歷(li)史(shi)上(shang)首座茶葉加工工場。
產于(yu)長興顧渚山(shan)(shan)的紫筍茶(cha),是唐(tang)代貢(gong)(gong)(gong)茶(cha)。唐(tang)大歷五年(nian),始貢(gong)(gong)(gong)五百串;至會昌中(841-846年(nian)),歲貢(gong)(gong)(gong)增至一萬八千(qian)四(si)百斤。制作貢(gong)(gong)(gong)茶(cha)時(shi),由“刺(ci)史主之(zhi),觀察使(shi)總之(zhi)”。據宋嘉(jia)泰(tai)《吳興志》引《統記》載:“長興有(you)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)茶(cha)院,在虎頭巖后,曰顧渚。石斫射而左懸(xuan)臼,或(huo)耕為(wei)園,或(huo)伐為(wei)炭,惟官(guan)山(shan)(shan)獨(du)深秀。歸(gui)于(yu)顧渚源建(jian)草舍三(san)十(shi)余(yu)間(jian),自大歷五年(nian)至貞元十(shi)六年(nian)于(yu)此造(zao)茶(cha),急程遞(di)進,取清(qing)明到京”。又說:“袁高、于(yu)、李吉(ji)甫各有(you)述。至貞元十(shi)七年(nian)(801年(nian)),刺(ci)吏李詞以院宇(yu)隘陋,造(zao)寺(si)一所,移武(wu)康吉(ji)禪額置焉,以東(dong)廊三(san)十(shi)間(jian)為(wei)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)茶(cha)院,兩行(xing)置茶(cha)碓,又焙百余(yu)所,工(gong)匠千(qian)余(yu)人,引顧渚泉亙其間(jian),烹蒸滌濯皆用之(zhi),非(fei)此水不能制也(ye)”。
到了元代,貢茶院改為磨(mo)茶院,院址移至水口。如(ru)今(jin),顧渚(zhu)貢茶院雖廢(fei)圮,但院址遺(yi)跡依然(ran)可辨。現(xian)其旁(pang)立碑,以(yi)告后人。
2006年05月25日,顧渚貢茶院遺址及摩崖(ya)被國務院批準列入第六批全國重點文物保(bao)護(hu)單位名單。