千像寺位于薊縣盤(pan)山東(dong)麓白水峪之(zhi)南(nan) ,是唐遼(liao)時期盤(pan)山著(zhu)名(ming)寺廟(miao)之(zhi)一(yi),今圯為遺址 。
現僅存遺址(zhi)、遼(liao)(liao)代統(tong)(tong)和(he)五(wu)年(nian)(公元987年(nian))創建千(qian)像(xiang)(xiang)寺(si)講堂碑和(he)相關的(de)石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)造(zao)像(xiang)(xiang)群(qun)。千(qian)像(xiang)(xiang)寺(si)石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)造(zao)像(xiang)(xiang)群(qun)分布在遺址(zhi)周圍(wei)0.4平(ping)方公里范圍(wei)內(nei),因千(qian)像(xiang)(xiang)寺(si)而(er)得名,目(mu)前已(yi)在124處巨(ju)石(shi)(shi)和(he)崖壁上(shang)發(fa)現線(xian)刻(ke)造(zao)像(xiang)(xiang)535尊,是迄今發(fa)現規模較大(da)的(de)遼(liao)(liao)代石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)造(zao)像(xiang)(xiang)群(qun)。初步判(pan)斷,造(zao)像(xiang)(xiang)群(qun)為遼(liao)(liao)代民間佛(fo)教信眾鐫(juan)刻(ke),反(fan)映了(le)佛(fo)教密宗(zong)的(de)精神(shen)內(nei)蘊。石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)造(zao)像(xiang)(xiang)群(qun)還(huan)包括與之相關的(de)遼(liao)(liao)統(tong)(tong)和(he)五(wu)年(nian)(987年(nian))盤山(shan)祐唐(tang)千(qian)像(xiang)(xiang)寺(si)創建講堂碑 、遼(liao)(liao)天(tian)慶八年(nian)(1118年(nian))經幢,以及寺(si)后洞(dong)窟內(nei)明代浮雕菩薩和(he)清高宗(zong)(乾隆(long)帝)題詩石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)等附屬文物。
根據寺(si)內現存(cun)的(de)(de)(de)遼(liao)(liao)統和(he)五(wu)(wu)年(nian)(987年(nian))《盤山佑唐寺(si)創(chuang)建(jian)講堂碑銘并(bing)序》記載:“自(zi)昔(xi)相(xiang)(xiang)傳,有(you)尊者挈杖遠(yuan)至(zhi),求植(zhi)足(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所。僧室東北隅,巖下有(you)澄泉,恍惚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian),見千(qian)僧澤(ze)缽,瞬息而泯,因茲構精舍宴坐矣(yi)。厥后于(yu)(yu)溪谷(gu)澗石之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面,刻(ke)(ke)千(qian)佛(fo)(fo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),而以顯其(qi)殊(shu)圣也。雖雨(yu)漬苔(tai)斑,睠儀相(xiang)(xiang)而猶在(zai)。”也就是(shi)(shi)說(shuo)在(zai)薊州軍事判(pan)官李(li)仲(zhong)宣撰寫(xie)此(ci)碑文的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou),千(qian)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)寺(si)造(zao)(zao)(zao)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)早(zao)已經存(cun)在(zai)了(le)。耶律德光于(yu)(yu)會同元(yuan)年(nian)(938年(nian))割取千(qian)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)寺(si)所在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)燕(yan)云(yun)十六州,同時(shi)改契丹(dan)國為(wei)大(da)遼(liao)(liao)。此(ci)時(shi)下距統和(he)五(wu)(wu)年(nian)也就四(si)十九(jiu)年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian),若千(qian)佛(fo)(fo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)真是(shi)(shi)在(zai)會同元(yuan)年(nian)以后開鑿的(de)(de)(de),那么(me)李(li)仲(zhong)宣以及燕(yan)京(jing)憫忠寺(si)前左街僧錄判(pan)官法信大(da)師(shi)(shi)(shi)德麟撰寫(xie)碑文時(shi)他(ta)們應該是(shi)(shi)知(zhi)道的(de)(de)(de),且碑文里卻只(zhi)提到“自(zi)昔(xi)相(xiang)(xiang)傳”,故(gu)千(qian)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)寺(si)造(zao)(zao)(zao)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)石刻(ke)(ke)于(yu)(yu)遼(liao)(liao)代的(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)法值(zhi)得商榷。從(cong)千(qian)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)寺(si)現存(cun)造(zao)(zao)(zao)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)格來(lai)看,這些(xie)佛(fo)(fo)造(zao)(zao)(zao)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)呈現高度的(de)(de)(de)寫(xie)實風(feng)格,五(wu)(wu)官端正,體(ti)型較豐滿,螺發(fa)跟肉髻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)髻珠(zhu),是(shi)(shi)比較典型的(de)(de)(de)五(wu)(wu)代、宋的(de)(de)(de)造(zao)(zao)(zao)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)風(feng)格。從(cong)朋(peng)友(you)那得知(zhi)千(qian)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)寺(si)造(zao)(zao)(zao)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)后,便(bian)約好時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)與朋(peng)友(you)還有(you)從(cong)安陽(yang)(yang)趕來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)楊師(shi)(shi)(shi)傅一(yi)(yi)起去實地(di)查看并(bing)做了(le)簡單的(de)(de)(de)傳拓,作為(wei)資(zi)料保存(cun)。由于(yu)(yu)千(qian)百(bai)年(nian)來(lai)雨(yu)水的(de)(de)(de)沖刷,加之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)石質(zhi)是(shi)(shi)砂石,這些(xie)線刻(ke)(ke)佛(fo)(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)風(feng)化剝落(luo)嚴重。由于(yu)(yu)那天刮風(feng),從(cong)日中到日暮,跟楊師(shi)(shi)(shi)傅全力配合才勉強拓了(le)兩張(zhang),甚是(shi)(shi)狼狽。晚上(shang)回京(jing),借(jie)著朋(peng)友(you)拿來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)金門高粱(liang)酒與楊師(shi)(shi)(shi)傅在(zai)湘(xiang)腸(chang)香痛飲(yin)了(le)一(yi)(yi)番,在(zai)安陽(yang)(yang)尋找(zhao)金石平日里多(duo)得楊師(shi)(shi)(shi)傅相(xiang)(xiang)助,提供了(le)諸多(duo)便(bian)利。
關于千(qian)像(xiang)(xiang)寺造(zao)(zao)像(xiang)(xiang),如此大范(fan)圍(wei)集中的(de)這么多的(de)摩崖(ya)線刻佛像(xiang)(xiang),在國內是少見(jian)的(de),其造(zao)(zao)像(xiang)(xiang)應該有很重要的(de)研(yan)究價值。只是到目前為止,這些造(zao)(zao)像(xiang)(xiang)仍舊還是曝露在野外。尋訪回來將拓(tuo)片拿于黃老師(shi)看,正巧敦煌研(yan)究院的(de)一位(wei)老師(shi)也在,他們提到用樹脂之類的(de)東西涂抹(mo)在石(shi)頭(tou)表面,將線刻佛像(xiang)(xiang)與空氣隔離,以(yi)起到保護作用,不(bu)知(zhi)道薊縣相(xiang)關的(de)文保部門(men)是否會(hui)采取很好的(de)保護措(cuo)施(shi),但愿(yuan)這些珍貴(gui)的(de)佛像(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)要再陷入被(bei)發現(xian),然后(hou)火一陣子(zi)最(zui)后(hou)再被(bei)忘卻的(de)境地。
附(fu):《盤山(shan)佑唐寺創建講堂碑(bei)銘并序(xu)》
薊州(zhou)軍(jun)事判官文林(lin)郎試秘(mi)書(shu)省校書(shu)郎李仲宣撰
燕京憫忠寺前左街僧錄判(pan)官法信大(da)師賜紫沙門德麟書
夫幽燕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分,列郡有(you)(you)(you)四,薊門為上(shang)。地方千(qian)(qian)里,籍(ji)冠百城。紅(hong)稻香(xiang)粳,實魚鹽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)沃(wo)壤;襟(jin)河控岳,當旌戟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奧區。于古堞(die)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外,西(xi)北一(yi)舍,有(you)(you)(you)盤山者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),乃箕尾(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)巨鎮也(ye)。深維地紉,高辟天(tian)門。暖碧凝霄,寒(han)青壓海。珠樓璇室(shi),抑窅窱于昆(kun)丘;寶洞(dong)瓊臺,耀磅礴于衡岳。崆峒左倚,泰(tai)行(xing)右(you)連,懷(huai)珠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水派其(qi)(qi)陽,削玉(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)峰峭其(qi)(qi)后(hou)(hou)。嶺上(shang)時(shi)興(xing)于瑞霧,谷中虛老于喬松(song)。奇樹珍(zhen)禽,異花(hua)靈草。絕頂有(you)(you)(you)龍池焉,向(xiang)旱(han)歲而(er)能興(xing)雷(lei)雨;巖(yan)下(xia)(xia)有(you)(you)(you)潮(chao)井焉,依旦(dan)暮而(er)不(bu)虧盈縮。于名(ming)山之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)內,最(zui)處其(qi)(qi)嘉。此境舊有(you)(you)(you)五寺,祐唐(tang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)乃備(bei)其(qi)(qi)一(yi)。自(zi)昔(xi)相傳(chuan),有(you)(you)(you)尊者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)挈杖(zhang)遠(yuan)至,求植足之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所。僧(seng)室(shi)東北隅,巖(yan)下(xia)(xia)有(you)(you)(you)澄泉(quan),恍惚(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian),見千(qian)(qian)僧(seng)澤缽,瞬息而(er)泯,因茲(zi)構精舍宴坐矣。厥后(hou)(hou)于溪谷澗(jian)石之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面,刻千(qian)(qian)佛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)像,而(er)以顯其(qi)(qi)殊(shu)圣也(ye)。雖雨漬(zi)苔(tai)斑(ban),睠儀相而(er)猶在;陽舒陰慘,流(liu)善譽而(er)不(bu)隳(hui)。向(xiang)此藍垣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)北,長松(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia),有(you)(you)(you)大(da)石焉,重萬(wan)余鈞,或遇(yu)信敬(jing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),微觸而(er)動。迄今游閱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi),冠蓋相望,四序不(bu)絕于阡陌(mo)也(ye)。當昔(xi)全(quan)盛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi),砌疊龍蟠,檐排鳳(feng)翅。晨鐘暮磬,上(shang)聞兜(dou)率(lv)。神宗(zong)律學,宛是祇陁。駢(pian)闐可(ke)類于清涼(liang),赫奕遙(yao)同于白馬,乃法(fa)侶輻(fu)湊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鄉(xiang)也(ye)。爰自(zi)大(da)兵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou),并已燼滅(mie)繇(zhou)謂(wei)物不(bu)可(ke)以久廢,故亨利于德人。
德(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)者即寺(si)(si)主(zhu)大(da)德(de)(de),乃(nai)當(dang)寺(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)景派(pai)也(ye)。厥本(ben)惟(wei)(wei)裔,其(qi)神不測,苦(ku)隨念盡(jin),樂與人(ren)(ren)同(tong)。化六趣(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)忙然,歸(gui)十(shi)方(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安(an)(an)隱。享年(nian)臘末晚,昌行(xing)業(ye)彌高(gao),既多(duo)有(you)緒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)聞(wen),宜示無(wu)窮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)績(ji)。寺(si)(si)主(zhu)大(da)德(de)(de),俗姓瑯琊(ya)氏,釋諱希悟,鎮陽夏(xia)博人(ren)(ren)也(ye)。爰自(zi)聚沙(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歲(sui),禮當(dang)寺(si)(si)寺(si)(si)主(zhu)在楚禪師,授法焉。剿除(chu)五蓋,慕別四(si)生(sheng)。舍欲棹而(er)(er)(er)誓泛慈(ci)舟,棄毒藥(yao)而(er)(er)(er)愿食甘(gan)(gan)果。年(nian)二(er)十(shi),詣(yi)東(dong)五臺山長興寺(si)(si),具(ju)尸羅,由啟弘愿,筵(yan)僧(seng)一(yi)(yi)十(shi)萬,次(ci)第竟矣。于(yu)(yu)(yu)是謂其(qi)己(ji)友曰:“聞(wen)二(er)儀舒慘(can),四(si)序推(tui)遷(qian),人(ren)(ren)生(sheng)幾何,歲(sui)不我與。覽斯基(ji)址,孰忍凄涼。野鹿群(qun)麋,晝夜而(er)(er)(er)草眠(mian)香徑,壞(huai)碑毀塔,高(gao)低而(er)(er)(er)蔓掛(gua)藤蘿。玉毫消盡(jin)于(yu)(yu)(yu)華鬘,金(jin)磬罷聞(wen)于(yu)(yu)(yu)齋懺。上漏下濕,日(ri)就(jiu)月將。徐興再(zai)造(zao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心,爰起從(cong)新(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)務。”于(yu)(yu)(yu)是乎,手披榛棘,力(li)用(yong)經(jing)菅,移怪石而(er)(er)(er)截斷(duan)云(yun)根(gen),伐灌木(mu)而(er)(er)(er)墔折(zhe)煙色。應歷十(shi)二(er)年(nian),化求財贐,蓋佛(fo)殿一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)。櫟櫨娟妙(miao),丹艧新(xin)鮮(xian)。塑(su)佛(fo)中央,圖像四(si)壁。保寧四(si)年(nian),又建櫥庫僧(seng)堂二(er)座(zuo),俾爨羞(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)所(suo)作也(ye),賓旅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)所(suo)歸(gui)也(ye)。乾亨二(er)年(nian),加授紫(zi)衣載議(yi),門迎廣陌(mo),地處幽(you)涼,虞生(sheng)肇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒(tu)見臨,顧講贊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)交闕,乃(nai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)僧(seng)室之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陰,疊磷(lin)磷(lin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)石,澮瑟(se)瑟(se)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)泉。高(gao)廣數尋,駢羅萬樹(shu),薙除(chu)沙(sha)礫(li),俯(fu)就(jiu)基(ji)坰。而(er)(er)(er)又請邑人(ren)(ren)醵緡賂,四(si)遠(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)最樂施者,如介甲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歸(gui)巨浸(jin)也(ye)。即乃(nai)市木(mu)靈嶠,采石煙巖,窮巾(jin)斧(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功,極磨礱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妙(miao),初心才啟,大(da)廈攸(you)成。式(shi)導(dao)昏(hun)衢,彌光(guang)世德(de)(de)。其(qi)堂也(ye),保寧十(shi)年(nian)創建,帶云(yun)川之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)渺(miao)渺(miao),總遠(yuan)岫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)峩峩。東(dong)觀種玉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田(tian),西掞筑金(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)闕。蘭楹鏤彩(cai),桂柱凝(ning)丹,月入秋(qiu)窗,風(feng)含夏(xia)戶。檐外之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)杉松郁郁,檻(jian)前之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)煙水潺湲、所(suo)貴(gui)安(an)(an)苾蒭僧(seng),置狻猊座(zuo),高(gao)談玉偈(jie),然慧炬(ju)而(er)(er)(er)絕煩惱(nao)薪(xin);妙(miao)演(yan)金(jin)文(wen),揮智刃而(er)(er)(er)剖無(wu)明殼。長依(yi)佛(fo)住,永壓山門。對延(yan)靈鷲(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)峰,闡說瑜伽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旨。此皆邑人(ren)(ren)等心猶(you)慕善(shan),志乃(nai)忘筌。知浮生(sheng)石火以難停(ting),覺幻質(zhi)風(feng)煙而(er)(er)(er)易滅(mie)。各抽(chou)浄施,共構良因,即寺(si)(si)主(zhu)希悟大(da)德(de)(de)激(ji)勸(quan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)致也(ye),緣惠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)被(bei)也(ye)。厥外,井有(you)甘(gan)(gan)泉,地多(duo)腴壤,閑栽(zai)珍果,棋(qi)布(bu)蔬畦(qi)。清(qing)風(feng)起兮綠(lv)干香,細(xi)雨(yu)霽兮紅葵茂(mao)。載諒(liang)鴻基(ji)必葺,白足咸來,其(qi)供給之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)費,恒不闕于(yu)(yu)(yu)祇贍者,大(da)德(de)(de)寺(si)(si)主(zhu)力(li)辦(ban)也(ye)。蓋惟(wei)(wei)寺(si)(si)主(zhu)大(da)德(de)(de),道洽(qia)空有(you),識(shi)洞幽(you)明。全資化導(dao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)多(duo)方(fang),以至圓成於能事。所(suo)冀皇朝永安(an)(an)神器矣,相國之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長調鼎鼐(nai)矣,京尹(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仁無(wu)秕稗矣,郡牧(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)信(xin)及竹童矣。一(yi)(yi)切含靈,同(tong)沾利(li)樂;一(yi)(yi)切惑(huo)溺,并向真(zhen)如。則寺(si)(si)主(zhu)希悟慈(ci)悲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)善(shan)口(kou)口(kou)也(ye),修持之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)根(gen)本(ben)也(ye)。拒藏舟不永,深谷翻(fan)高(gao);爰述(shu)懿(yi)徽,俾雕翠琰。其(qi)邑人(ren)(ren)姓號,具(ju)列碑陰。
仲(zhong)宣靡(mi)職之(zhi)(zhi)歲(sui),華(hua)構(gou)方成,命修辭(ci)以敘(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)。敘(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)伊(yi)何(he)?即(ji)為(wei)銘而記之(zhi)(zhi)曰:峭壯靈峰,創興華(hua)宇。式開講肆,用陳法侶。物置多人(ren),利圓三寶。庶(shu)幾乎!作善之(zhi)(zhi)祥,傳名曠古。
統和五年歲(sui)次丁亥(hai)四(si)月(yue)癸巳(si)朔八日丙時建(jian)。 攝始平(ping)軍節(jie)度(du)推官潘延(yan)素刻(ke)字(zi),同刻(ke)字(zi)人李緒。