七個(ge)洞崖墓(mu)群漢代崖墓(mu)葬位于(yu)長寧縣古河鎮保民村,岷(min)溪(xi)河北岸的紅砂巖峭壁上(shang),共28座(zuo)。因有(you)7座(zuo);集中建于(yu)高約3~8米的絕壁,遠望7個(ge)墓(mu)門若(ruo)洞,故名(ming)“七個(ge)洞”。各墓(mu)早被(bei)破壞(huai),無隨葬物,唯墓(mu)室結構(gou)和石刻畫像、題記保存完好。
“七個洞”的(de)(de)(de)7座崖墓從(cong)上至下(xia)排作四列,單室(shi)(shi),拱頂(ding)(ding)或弧形(xing)(xing)(xing)頂(ding)(ding),墓室(shi)(shi)平面呈長方形(xing)(xing)(xing),長2.4~4.2米,寬1.7~2.6米,高1.3~2米,室(shi)(shi)內(nei)鑿(zao)雙石(shi)(shi)棺(guan)的(de)(de)(de)3座,鑿(zao)1具石(shi)(shi)棺(guan)的(de)(de)(de)2座;棺(guan)具與室(shi)(shi)壁(bi)相連。墓門(men)呈方形(xing)(xing)(xing),三層門(men)楣(mei)由外到內(nei)逐(zhu)層縮小(xiao)。墓群的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)刻圖像(xiang),分布在墓門(men)周圍(wei)石(shi)(shi)壁(bi)上的(de)(de)(de)多陰刻;分布在室(shi)(shi)壁(bi)及石(shi)(shi)棺(guan)上的(de)(de)(de)均為(wei)浮雕。其內(nei)容有(you)伏羲、女媧、衛士、舞女、侍女、車馬出行、宴飲(yin)、伎戲(xi)、闕、青龍、白虎、朱雀(que)、錢范紋等(deng)(deng)。題(ti)記計有(you)7處(chu),分二類:一為(wei)紀年(nian),有(you)“熹(xi)平元(yuan)年(nian)”、“延光元(yuan)年(nian)”等(deng)(deng);二為(wei)姓氏,有(you)“李(li)”、“黃”、“趙之門(men)”等(deng)(deng)。
遺址規模
七個(ge)(ge)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)崖墓(mu)(mu)(mu)群鑿(zao)于(yu)岷溪河(he)岸的(de)紅砂(sha)巖峭壁(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang),洞(dong)(dong)(dong)口從上(shang)(shang)至(zhi)下排座四列(lie),大大小(xiao)(xiao)小(xiao)(xiao)的(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)群共(gong)28座,錯落分(fen)布(bu)(bu)在好幾公里山崖上(shang)(shang),分(fen)布(bu)(bu)面積約4000平方米(mi),其(qi)中7墓(mu)(mu)(mu)較集(ji)中,其(qi)余(yu)21墓(mu)(mu)(mu)分(fen)散錯落分(fen)布(bu)(bu)。集(ji)中的(de)7個(ge)(ge)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)均(jun)為長方形弧形頂(ding)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi),遠望7個(ge)(ge)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)門若洞(dong)(dong)(dong),故名“七個(ge)(ge)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)”。七個(ge)(ge)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)崖墓(mu)(mu)(mu)群的(de)壁(bi)(bi)頂(ding)上(shang)(shang)有天然巖廈,7墓(mu)(mu)(mu)均(jun)為單室(shi),無墓(mu)(mu)(mu)道。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)門呈方形,由外(wai)到內逐(zhu)層縮(suo)小(xiao)(xiao),門額及兩側都(dou)鑿(zao)有整齊平行斜(xie)(xie)線(xian)或錯向三(san)角斜(xie)(xie)線(xian),墓(mu)(mu)(mu)門和峭壁(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)有浮(fu)雕,如飛龍(long)、舞女、花卉、雜(za)技、燈籠(long)等(deng)圖案189幅、29種類型和文字題記(ji),順(shun)著七個(ge)(ge)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)延伸的(de)巖石(shi)再往前探尋,類似的(de)古墓(mu)(mu)(mu)還有二(er)三(san)十(shi)個(ge)(ge)。
文物遺存
七個洞崖墓(mu)保存了內(nei)容豐(feng)富的石(shi)刻畫(hua)像和題記,可分為(wei)兩大部分:一為(wei)墓(mu)室(包括石(shi)棺(guan)外壁和墓(mu)門)石(shi)刻畫(hua)像;二為(wei)墓(mu)外壁石(shi)刻畫(hua)像(包括紀年題記)。內(nei)容主要是神話傳(chuan)說、祥禽瑞(rui)獸(shou)、傳(chuan)統禮儀(yi)、舞樂百戲(xi)等。