修筑歷史
松(song)潘古(gu)城(cheng)位于(yu)己于(yu)人松(song)潘縣(xian)縣(xian)政(zheng)府所(suo)在地進安鎮,為川(chuan)西北地區的門戶之一,自古(gu)以(yi)來就(jiu)是(shi)一處(chu)重(zhong)要(yao)的軍(jun)事要(yao)塞,深得廳朝重(zhong)視。1379年(明洪武十二年)平羌將(jiang)軍(jun)丁(ding)玉揮師(shi)占據松(song)州后(hou),兩(liang)度上書(shu)朝廷請求(qiu)設(she)衛(wei)(wei)建城(cheng)派(pai)兵駐扎,次年朝庭批準設(she)“松(song)州衛(wei)(wei)”,后(hou)將(jiang)“潘州衛(wei)(wei)”(今若爾蓋縣(xian)求(qiu)吉鄉境內)并(bing)入(ru)稱“松(song)潘衛(wei)(wei)”。保存至今的古(gu)城(cheng)墻即為此時始(shi)筑。
據民(min)國《松(song)潘縣志(zhi)》載,松(song)潘始設衛時,丁玉即調寧(ning)州(個甘肅寧(ning)縣)指(zhi)揮高顯(xian)來松(song)潘負(fu)責筑(zhu)城事宜。高顯(xian)在唐宋柔遠(yuan)土城基礎上,西緣(yuan)山麓,東濱江岸筑(zhu)城,歷(li)時五(wu)(wu)年(nian)之外。明英宗上統年(nian)間,御使(shi)寇琛又將(jiang)西部城墻(qiang)內山麓順(shun)山脊(ji)筑(zhu)至山頂。嘉靖五(wu)(wu)年(nian)1520年(nian)松(song)潘兵何卿又增(zeng)修外城二(er)里七分四百(bai)零五(wu)(wu)丈。松(song)潘城制大體完成(cheng)。
城墻構造
松潘(pan)古城(cheng)(cheng)分內(nei)(nei)、外(wai)兩城(cheng)(cheng),內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)平面(mian)跨崇(chong)山(shan),依山(shan)順勢(shi)略呈三角(jiao)形(xing),東部崇(chong)山(shan)之下河(he)谷部份為(wei)長(chang)(chang)方形(xing),外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)毗鄰內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)南面(mian)的(de)(de)河(he)谷下壩,有(you)城(cheng)(cheng)門與(yu)內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)相(xiang)通(tong),平面(mian)為(wei)長(chang)(chang)方形(xing)。城(cheng)(cheng)墻總長(chang)(chang)6.2公里,用本地燒制的(de)(de)青磚砌(qi)成(cheng)墻身,內(nei)(nei)土石(其中外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)墻長(chang)(chang)1.37公里,用條石砌(qi)成(cheng)墻身,內(nei)(nei)填土石)而成(cheng),高12.5米,厚12余米,以糯(nuo)米、石灰、桐油熬制的(de)(de)灰漿粕(po)連(lian)勾縫,堅固如銅(tong)墻鐵(tie)壁。古城(cheng)(cheng)有(you)城(cheng)(cheng)門七道,其中內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)五道:東曰(yue)“覲陽(yang)”,南稱(cheng)“延(yan)薰(xun)”,兩號“威(wei)遠(yuan)”,北名“鎮羌”,西(xi)南山(shan)麓者冠(guan)之“小西(xi)門”,外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)有(you)門兩道,東西(xi)向者雅各“臨江”,內(nei)(nei)北向者稱(cheng)謂“安阜”。
各城門(men)(men)僅以大塊規則(ze)的長方條石券(quan)拱而成。各城門(men)(men)外原皆有翁(weng)城(今僅存南門(men)(men)翁(weng)城),城門(men)(men)上建(jian)有重(zhong)檐歇山式城樓,惜已毀(hui)。從實際(ji)調查情況采石,每道門(men)(men)(包括(kuo)翁(weng)城)外壁門(men)(men)沿(yan)兩側(ce)上方有仿(fang)木結構建(jian)筑(zhu),高浮雕(diao)須彌(mi)座蓮(lian)花(hua)柱(zhu)礎,闌(lan)額,柱(zhu)頂枋上施七鋪作(zuo)圓柱(zhu),省替(ti)、鐠柏枋、梁、獅首(shou)椽子等,圓柱(zhu)頂部(bu)陰(yin)刻密集形紋(wen)飾(shi),闌(lan)額中心浮雕(diao)一(yi)朵雙蓮(lian)菱形花(hua)紋(wen),雀替(ti)下方鏟地淺(qian)浮雕(diao)“雙鹿吃葉”圖案,門(men)(men)洞上方門(men)(men)楣上雕(diao)菱形窗(chuang)格(ge)間以云彩紋(wen)飾(shi)。