樊敏闕及石刻位于蘆山縣(xian)城區3公里(li)的石馬壩。
樊(fan)敏(min),字升達(一作叔(shu)達),東(dong)漢(han)(han)蜀郡(jun)青衣縣(今蘆(lu)山縣)人(ren)。生(sheng)于(yu)東(dong)漢(han)(han)安帝元(yuan)初六(liu)年(公元(yuan)119年),卒(zu)于(yu)東(dong)漢(han)(han)建安八年(公元(yuan)203年)。樊(fan)敏(min)早年在青衣羌國任國丞(cheng)10年,曾(ceng)任巴蜀太守,后(hou)官(guan)至司徒。
樊敏(min)闕(que)(que)(que)為(wei)扶(fu)壁式雙闕(que)(que)(que),宋代前已倒塌。1957年左(zuo)闕(que)(que)(que)修(xiu)復,右(you)闕(que)(que)(que)尚存闕(que)(que)(que)檐、闕(que)(que)(que)頂等殘(can)件。左(zuo)闕(que)(que)(que)高(gao)4.99米(mi),寬2.25米(mi),厚0.92米(mi);闕(que)(que)(que)由座(zuo)、壁、斗拱、頂等組成,頂為(wei)重檐五脊式,斗拱層四角刻有(you)力士舉雙臂托負,顯示出力能擎天的氣概;正(zheng)脊中部(bu)雕(diao)有(you)一口含綬帶的雄鷹;主闕(que)(que)(que)檐下正(zheng)面(mian)有(you)淺(qian)浮雕(diao)“龍(long)生十子”神話(hua)故事圖像。“龍(long)生十子”為(wei)云南古哀(ai)牢(lao)夷族神話(hua),因樊敏(min)曾任永昌郡(古哀(ai)牢(lao)夷故地,今云南保山(shan)地區)長史,故取該地傳說故事為(wei)圖。兩面(mian)分別刻有(you)“西(xi)王母”、“玉(yu)兔”等神話(hua)題材圖像,雕(diao)刻嚴謹,技法(fa)簡練。
全闕氣勢磅礴,造型(xing)雄(xiong)渾,構(gou)圖(tu)協調,圖(tu)中(zhong)人物造型(xing)生動(dong),形態各異,展現(xian)出(chu)漢代高超(chao)的石刻技巧。
樊(fan)敏墓(mu)前(qian)(qian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)碑,建造于(yu)東漢建安九年(公元205年),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)內保存較完(wan)整的漢碑之(zhi)一。碑高2.93米(mi)(mi),寬1.2米(mi)(mi),厚0.26米(mi)(mi)。碑文(wen)涵(han)意深廣,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)隸書,558字。此(ci)碑為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)歷史學家、金石(shi)(shi)(shi)家所(suo)推崇,自(zi)北(bei)宋(song)趙明誠收錄于(yu)《金石(shi)(shi)(shi)錄》起,著錄者眾。如南宋(song)王象之(zhi)、洪適,明代(dai)楊升庵,清(qing)代(dai)顧炎武(wu)、李調元和近(jin)代(dai)康有(you)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)、郭沫若等。康有(you)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)贊譽其如“日月升天、荷花出(chu)水(shui)”,是(shi)“千祿(lu)無上品”。闕旁(pang)現有(you)石(shi)(shi)(shi)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)9具(ju)(ju),6具(ju)(ju)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)周邊地(di)帶移(yi)入。樊(fan)敏墓(mu)前(qian)(qian)二具(ju)(ju)石(shi)(shi)(shi)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)均(jun)有(you)雙翅(chi),通高1.45米(mi)(mi),長2米(mi)(mi),寬0.63米(mi)(mi);首(shou)似(si)虎,一具(ju)(ju)前(qian)(qian)爪(zhua)撫蟾蜍,一具(ju)(ju)前(qian)(qian)爪(zhua)抓蟹;形態矯健生(sheng)動,與高頤闕前(qian)(qian)二獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)同式。傳(chuan)說石(shi)(shi)(shi)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)造型取(qu)材于(yu)《山海經》,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)守護昆侖(lun)山之(zhi)神獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)。樊(fan)敏墓(mu)近(jin)側有(you)石(shi)(shi)(shi)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)胚一具(ju)(ju),高1.28米(mi)(mi),長2.05米(mi)(mi),寬0.47米(mi)(mi),軀(qu)體輪廓已打造出(chu)雛形,據(ju)考證為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)當時廢棄石(shi)(shi)(shi)胚料,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)研究漢代(dai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)刻工藝流程之(zhi)重要(yao)實物(wu),屬全國(guo)(guo)罕見(jian)。