九成宮,“九成”者(zhe)“九重”或“九層”之(zhi)意,言其高大(da),在麟(lin)(lin)游縣城內。原是隋(sui)文帝時(shi)建的(de),名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)仁壽宮。唐(tang)太(tai)宗貞觀(guan)五年(nian)(公元631年(nian))修復(fu),更名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)九成宮。唐(tang)高宗時(shi)一度(du)改名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)萬(wan)年(nian)宮,后又恢復(fu)原名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。周(zhou)垣(yuan)1800步,并置禁苑武庫存及宮寺(si)。規模宏偉(wei),景(jing)色壯麗,為隋(sui)唐(tang)離宮之(zhi)冠。麟(lin)(lin)游縣山環(huan)水(shui)繞,夏日(ri)清(qing)涼(liang),是避暑的(de)好地方。今(jin)縣城的(de)山腳下,杜水(shui)潺(chan)潺(chan)東(dong)流,被(bei)一個由北(bei)向南(nan)伸入河中的(de)小(xiao)山嘴(zui)攔(lan)住,名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)石嘴(zui)灣。山背舊(jiu)有凌虛閣,閣雖毀而基址依(yi)稀可辨。經東(dong)北(bei)溝(gou)(gou)、梳妝(zhuang)臺、水(shui)漫嶺、天(tian)(tian)臺寺(si)到西北(bei)溝(gou)(gou),即(ji)九成宮的(de)遺址。在東(dong)西兩溝(gou)(gou)之(zhi)間有山叫天(tian)(tian)臺山。天(tian)(tian)臺山上面的(de)主峰(feng)叫九龍殿,也(ye)叫水(shui)漫嶺。
嶺上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)九(jiu)龍殿就是(shi)九(jiu)成(cheng)官的(de)(de)(de)排云殿。周圍(wei)平坦約(yue)九(jiu)畝。在荊棘從(cong)中,遺有(you)(you)(you)柱礎、古(gu)塊(kuai)(kuai)、殘磚、破(po)瓦,兩(liang)旁并有(you)(you)(you)土(tu)(tu)闕遺址各(ge)一(yi)。正南面(mian)臨懸崖(ya),深(shen)約(yue)百丈(zhang)。北(bei)面(mian)連接一(yi)條(tiao)北(bei)來(lai)南去的(de)(de)(de)山(shan)脊,再北(bei)端(duan)有(you)(you)(you)圓丘陵式的(de)(de)(de)山(shan)峰(feng)。九(jiu)龍殿下東面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)平地上(shang),遺有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)個夯筑長寬18米的(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)臺(tai)(tai),當地群(qun)眾叫(jiao)(jiao)梳妝臺(tai)(tai)。西面(mian)是(shi)連續(xu)的(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)山(shan),山(shan)頭西南兩(liang)面(mian)是(shi)崢嶸的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)崖(ya),上(shang)有(you)(you)(you)唐(tang)(tang)代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)福昌院(yuan),亦名天臺(tai)(tai)寺。天臺(tai)(tai)寺西北(bei)山(shan)坡上(shang),有(you)(you)(you)貞觀(guan)六年立的(de)(de)(de)“九(jiu)成(cheng)宮醴泉銘”碑(bei)(bei),魏征撰文,歐(ou)陽詢書(shu)。書(shu)法秀勁,圓潤,一(yi)絲不茍,為(wei)(wei)歐(ou)書(shu)中的(de)(de)(de)上(shang)品。現建碑(bei)(bei)亭,附(fu)唐(tang)(tang)高宗撰“萬(wan)年宮銘并序”碑(bei)(bei),供群(qun)眾參(can)觀(guan)。從(cong)九(jiu)成(cheng)宮遺址正南跨(kua)過杜水,便(bian)是(shi)鳳(feng)臺(tai)(tai),相傳(chuan)因隋(sui)文帝時落過鳳(feng)凰,故(gu)名。鳳(feng)臺(tai)(tai)西南面(mian)還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)處土(tu)(tu)臺(tai)(tai),傳(chuan)說(shuo)是(shi)唐(tang)(tang)王點(dian)過兵將的(de)(de)(de)點(dian)將臺(tai)(tai)。再南下到栗(li)川村,有(you)(you)(you)冬日不結冰的(de)(de)(de)“御泉”。“御泉”對面(mian)東南方有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)所叫(jiao)(jiao)宮坪(ping)的(de)(de)(de)村莊,傳(chuan)說(shuo)是(shi)唐(tang)(tang)宮官府所在地。1980年5月,在遺址內發現一(yi)座(zuo)唐(tang)(tang)代(dai)(dai)石(shi)砌水井。井臺(tai)(tai)呈方形(xing),每邊(bian)(bian)長6.52米,井臺(tai)(tai)上(shang)部用邊(bian)(bian)長0.25米的(de)(de)(de)方塊(kuai)(kuai)素面(mian)石(shi)板和(he)長方形(xing)石(shi)條(tiao)砌成(cheng)。井口(kou)為(wei)(wei)圓形(xing),直(zhi)徑1.06米,周圍(wei)雕有(you)(you)(you)八瓣葵花(hua)形(xing)圖案。井口(kou)外邊(bian)(bian)有(you)(you)(you)四個相距為(wei)(wei)3米的(de)(de)(de)柱礎石(shi),直(zhi)徑為(wei)(wei)0.28米,中間有(you)(you)(you)圓形(xing)小孔,孔直(zhi)徑為(wei)(wei)0.14米,孔深(shen)0.3米。井臺(tai)(tai)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)砌石(shi)、柱礎石(shi)和(he)井口(kou)的(de)(de)(de)圖案都磨(mo)研(yan)、雕刻得異常精致,為(wei)(wei)研(yan)究隋(sui)唐(tang)(tang)建筑史(shi),提(ti)供了寶貴的(de)(de)(de)資料。
隋(sui)仁(ren)壽宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)·唐(tang)九(jiu)成(cheng)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)位(wei)(wei)于陜西省麟游縣,是隋(sui)、唐(tang)時(shi)期營造的(de)(de)皇家避暑(shu)離宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),由著名建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)家宇文(wen)愷為(wei)(wei)(wei)檢校將作(zuo)(zuo)大匠設計(ji)建(jian)(jian)造。始建(jian)(jian)于隋(sui)開皇十三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(593年(nian)(nian)(nian)),初名“仁(ren)壽宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”,唐(tang)貞觀(guan)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(631年(nian)(nian)(nian))經修復擴建(jian)(jian)后改稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)“九(jiu)成(cheng)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”。現(xian)存(cun)遺(yi)址分布面積約42.4萬(wan)(wan)平方米,遺(yi)址內(nei)現(xian)存(cun)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)城、城墻、夯筑(zhu)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)殿臺基、闕(que)門基址、石砌水井(jing)、唐(tang)“九(jiu)成(cheng)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)醴泉銘”碑及“萬(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)銘”碑等(deng)遺(yi)跡。其中由魏征撰(zhuan)文(wen),歐陽(yang)詢手書的(de)(de)“九(jiu)成(cheng)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)醴泉銘”,唐(tang)高(gao)宗李治撰(zhuan)文(wen)并親自書寫的(de)(de)“萬(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)銘”碑不僅具有重要的(de)(de)文(wen)物和歷(li)史(shi)價值(zhi),也是我國(guo)書法史(shi)上里程碑式的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)品。隋(sui)仁(ren)壽宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)·唐(tang)九(jiu)成(cheng)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)被稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)“離宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之冠”,堪稱“陪(pei)都”,一度成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)隋(sui)、唐(tang)政治、文(wen)化、軍事、外交中心。隋(sui)仁(ren)壽宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)?唐(tang)九(jiu)成(cheng)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)遺(yi)址的(de)(de)發(fa)現(xian),為(wei)(wei)(wei)研究隋(sui)唐(tang)時(shi)期皇家宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)苑的(de)(de)形制、規(gui)劃、建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)方式等(deng)提供(gong)了(le)重要的(de)(de)實物資料。1957年(nian)(nian)(nian)隋(sui)仁(ren)壽宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)·唐(tang)九(jiu)成(cheng)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)遺(yi)址被公布為(wei)(wei)(wei)第二批省級(ji)重點文(wen)物保護單位(wei)(wei),1996年(nian)(nian)(nian)被國(guo)務院(yuan)公布為(wei)(wei)(wei)第四(si)批全國(guo)重點文(wen)物保護單位(wei)(wei)。
“九五”以來主要保護內(nei)容:
修(xiu)建保護碑亭(ting)兩座、宮廷水井井亭(ting)及(ji)門樓,37 號大(da)殿遺址(zhi)回填,保護圍墻(qiang)、大(da)門修(xiu)建。
保護規劃制訂。
“十一五”期間(jian)主要保護內容:
制(zhi)定隋仁壽宮唐九(jiu)成宮遺址保護(hu)(hu)規劃,對主(zhu)要重點的文物及變化區實施保護(hu)(hu)措施。
加(jia)固37 號宮殿(dian)遺址的四周(zhou)土(tu)體,防止(zhi)其塌落,造成遺址的破壞。同時對遺址進(jin)行回(hui)填,加(jia)固并部分(fen)進(jin)行復原展示。
目前隋仁壽(shou)宮唐九成(cheng)宮遺(yi)址(zhi)遍(bian)布于麟游縣城(cheng)內,范圍面(mian)積(ji)很大,城(cheng)市建(jian)設和(he)(he)發展對文物遺(yi)址(zhi)的破壞和(he)(he)威脅極大。但由于目前沒有整個隋仁壽(shou)宮唐九成(cheng)宮遺(yi)址(zhi)保護規劃,建(jian)設性破壞日趨嚴(yan)重(zhong)。
九(jiu)成宮37號(hao)宮殿遺址(zhi)夯土臺基東(dong)、南斷面高8米處,隨時有(you)倒塌的危(wei)險。目前遺址(zhi)裸露,風(feng)雨侵蝕(shi),風(feng)化已脫落。