寺廟簡介
惠 濟 寺 (第二批(pi)省(sheng)保)
時代:宋
地址:原平市(shi)東(dong)北15公里練家崗(gang)村
寺坐(zuo)北朝(chao)南,由山(shan)門、文殊殿(dian)、鐘(zhong)樓(lou)、伽藍殿(dian)、大佛殿(dian)及東(dong)西廊廡等(deng)建筑組成,占(zhan)地面積(ji)2135平方米。
文殊殿(dian)為康清熙五十三年(1714年)重建,面(mian)寬(kuan)、進深各(ge)三間(jian),平(ping)面(mian)近方形,單(dan)檐懸山頂。殿(dian)內佛壇上(shang)保存彩塑(su)18尊(zun),兩山墻(qiang)繪壁畫20余(yu)平(ping)方米。
大(da)(da)佛殿為宋代(dai)遺構,面寬五(wu)間(jian),進深(shen)八椽(chuan),單檐(yan)歇山頂,磚建月臺寬大(da)(da)。殿內(nei)(nei)(nei)使用減(jian)柱(zhu)造,金(jin)柱(zhu)上用大(da)(da)雀替承(cheng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)額,其上四椽(chuan)栿與前(qian)后(hou)乳栿搭交。柱(zhu)頭斗栱(gong)五(wu)鋪作雙下昂(ang),里轉六鋪作出三(san)抄,后(hou)尾置于順梁下,明(ming)間(jian)補(bu)間(jian)鋪作出45度斜(xie)昂(ang)。殿內(nei)(nei)(nei)佛壇上塑佛、菩薩、脅侍(shi)、童(tong)子、金(jin)剛等(deng),為宋塑佳作。兩壁千佛閣內(nei)(nei)(nei)存有157尊宋代(dai)木雕,雕工精(jing)細,刀法(fa)有力。殿內(nei)(nei)(nei)后(hou)壁奉曹氏姥塑像(xiang)一尊。
寺廟歷史
始建(jian)于(yu)唐(tang),宋(song)(song)重建(jian),金元明清(qing)屢(lv)有修葺(qi)(qi)。始建(jian)于(yu)唐(tang),宋(song)(song)重建(jian),金元明清(qing)屢(lv)有修葺(qi)(qi)。有山(shan)門(men),觀音(yin)殿(dian),鐘樓,伽藍殿(dian),東西廊廡,大(da)(da)佛(fo)殿(dian)等建(jian)筑,殿(dian)內(nei)(nei)塑(su)像俱(ju)存(cun)。其(qi)中(zhong)大(da)(da)佛(fo)殿(dian)歷史最古,建(jian)筑結構及其(qi)塑(su)像藝術尚保存(cun)宋(song)(song)代(dai)風格。殿(dian)身寬五(wu)間,深八櫞,單檐歇山(shan)式屋(wu)頂,柱頭施五(wu)鋪作(zuo)斗拱承托出檐及梁枋(fang)。殿(dian)內(nei)(nei)金柱四根(gen),分布兩側,平面(mian)小八角,猶存(cun)唐(tang)宋(song)(song)古制。金柱上(shang)用(yong)大(da)(da)雀替承內(nei)(nei)額, 上(shang)用(yong)四櫞狀與前(qian)后乳袱搭交,突破唐(tang)宋(song)(song)結構舊規(gui),向擴(kuo)大(da)(da)殿(dian)內(nei)(nei)方向變化(hua)。佛(fo)壇(tan)上(shang)泥塑(su)佛(fo),菩薩,脅待,童子,金剛等 比例適度(du),線條和(he)諧(xie),面(mian)形圓潤,衣飾流暢(chang),脅侍菩薩下肢紗羅透體,塑(su)工之(zhi)巧,當為宋(song)(song)金佳作(zuo)。
建筑分布
寺廟結構
惠濟寺面積(ji)為(wei)八間(jian)(jian)(jian),進(jin)(jin)深(shen)(shen)兩(liang)間(jian)(jian)(jian),分(fen)上下(xia)兩(liang)層。主(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)三(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)居于(yu)中(zhong)部,下(xia)層主(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)有壁畫,內(nei)(nei)容為(wei)釋、道、儒(ru)三(san)教(jiao)圣像,像前(qian)(qian)置有隔(ge)扇(shan),隔(ge)扇(shan)前(qian)(qian)為(wei)供奉活動之地,左右各為(wei)一間(jian)(jian)(jian)住屋(wu)。右住屋(wu)的(de)石壁上有一黑(hei)洞(dong),高約一米,可由此(ci)通向寺東(dong)絕壁上的(de)另(ling)一小廟(miao)。今小廟(miao)已毀,僅留支(zhi)撐(cheng)寺廟(miao)的(de)懸(xuan)柱一根(gen),稍有風吹動,即左右搖擺不(bu)定,當地人稱(cheng)之為(wei)“扒拉柱”。金安寺上層主(zhu)進(jin)(jin)深(shen)(shen)兩(liang)間(jian)(jian)(jian),均(jun)為(wei)通天(tian)柱(5.1米)。余(yu)(yu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)皆(jie)(jie)進(jin)(jin)深(shen)(shen)兩(liang)間(jian)(jian)(jian)。前(qian)(qian)有走(zou)廊(lang),走(zou)廊(lang)前(qian)(qian)又有木(mu)板(ban)伸出,為(wei)棧橋(qiao)式(shi)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)有閣,內(nei)(nei)畫玉皇像。線(xian)條流(liu)暢,比(bi)例適當,工藝相當精(jing)細。下(xia)層面闊(kuo)(kuo)八間(jian)(jian)(jian),其中(zhong)主(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)三(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)。主(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian),前(qian)(qian)置望柱七根(gen),裝有木(mu)欄(lan)板(ban)。整(zheng)個建(jian)筑(zhu)之前(qian)(qian)部均(jun)懸(xuan)于(yu)空(kong)中(zhong),下(xia)用十(shi)余(yu)(yu)根(gen)木(mu)柱支(zhi)撐(cheng),結構奇特,十(shi)分(fen)險(xian)峻。上層面闊(kuo)(kuo)五(wu)間(jian)(jian)(jian),主(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)三(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian),主(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)進(jin)(jin)深(shen)(shen)兩(liang)間(jian)(jian)(jian),余(yu)(yu)皆(jie)(jie)進(jin)(jin)深(shen)(shen)一間(jian)(jian)(jian)。前(qian)(qian)均(jun)置走(zou)廊(lang),供人登高望遠。
寺廟布局
中國古代寺(si)(si)廟的(de)(de)布局大(da)(da)多是(shi)正(zheng)面(mian)(mian)中路(lu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)山門,山門內左(zuo)右(you)(you)分別為(wei)(wei)(wei)鐘樓(lou)、鼓(gu)樓(lou),正(zheng)面(mian)(mian)是(shi)天王殿,殿內有四大(da)(da)金剛塑像,后(hou)面(mian)(mian)依次為(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)雄寶(bao)殿和(he)藏(zang)經樓(lou),僧房、齋堂(tang)則分列正(zheng)中路(lu)左(zuo)右(you)(you)兩側。大(da)(da)雄寶(bao)殿是(shi)佛(fo)寺(si)(si)中最重(zhong)要(yao)、最龐大(da)(da)的(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu),“大(da)(da)雄”即(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)佛(fo)祖釋加牟(mou)尼。因而中國佛(fo)寺(si)(si)不論規(gui)模地點,其(qi)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)布局是(shi)有一(yi)定規(gui)律的(de)(de):平面(mian)(mian)方形,以山門殿——天王殿——大(da)(da)雄寶(bao)殿——本(ben)寺(si)(si)主供(gong)菩薩殿——法堂(tang)——藏(zang)經樓(lou)這條南北縱深軸線來(lai)組織空(kong)間,對(dui)稱穩重(zhong)且整飭嚴謹。惠濟寺(si)(si)的(de)(de)全寺(si)(si)布局則不一(yi)樣,天王殿后(hou)面(mian)(mian),大(da)(da)雄寶(bao)殿、大(da)(da)悲(bei)殿、藏(zang)經樓(lou)、玉皇殿、方丈室等均(jun)在一(yi)條平行線上,屬于(yu)華北園林建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)風格。這也與它(ta)依山就(jiu)勢的(de)(de)地理位置(zhi)有關,無法縱向延(yan)伸,只能(neng)橫(heng)向發展。慧濟寺(si)(si)里有一(yi)處龍(long)泉,其(qi)意義頗似觀音凈瓶(ping)里的(de)(de)凈水(shui),很多人都希望能(neng)沾(zhan)上一(yi)點凈水(shui),與佛(fo)結緣(yuan)。
寺廟景觀
文殊殿(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)康清熙五十三年(1714年)重(zhong)建,面寬、進深各三間(jian),平面近方形,單檐(yan)懸(xuan)山頂(ding)(ding)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)(nei)佛(fo)(fo)壇上(shang)保存(cun)彩塑(su)18尊(zun),兩山墻繪壁畫(hua)20余平方米(mi)。 大(da)(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)宋(song)代(dai)遺構,面寬五間(jian),進深八椽,單檐(yan)歇(xie)山頂(ding)(ding),磚建月臺寬大(da)(da)(da)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)(nei)使用減柱造,金(jin)柱上(shang)用大(da)(da)(da)雀(que)替(ti)承內(nei)(nei)(nei)額,其(qi)上(shang)四椽栿(fa)與前后(hou)(hou)(hou)乳栿(fa)搭交。柱頭(tou)斗栱(gong)五鋪作(zuo)(zuo)雙下(xia)昂,里轉六鋪作(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)三抄,后(hou)(hou)(hou)尾置于順梁(liang)下(xia),明(ming)間(jian)補(bu)間(jian)鋪作(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)45度斜昂。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)(nei)佛(fo)(fo)壇上(shang)塑(su)佛(fo)(fo)、菩薩、脅(xie)侍、童子、金(jin)剛等,為(wei)宋(song)塑(su)佳作(zuo)(zuo)。兩壁千佛(fo)(fo)閣內(nei)(nei)(nei)存(cun)有157尊(zun)宋(song)代(dai)木(mu)雕(diao),雕(diao)工(gong)精細,刀法有力。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)(nei)后(hou)(hou)(hou)壁奉(feng)曹(cao)氏(shi)姥(lao)塑(su)像一(yi)尊(zun)。寺中(zhong)庵(an),奉(feng)曹(cao)氏(shi)姥(lao),相傳唐時建寺,曹(cao)氏(shi)布施汲水,每日一(yi)缸,供營建用,工(gong)竣而坐化(hua)。后(hou)(hou)(hou)人(ren)念其(qi)功德,建庵(an)祀(si)之。
寺廟佛殿
大(da)圓通(tong)殿(dian),是(shi)(shi)惠濟(ji)寺的(de)主殿(dian),建于(yu)清康熙年(nian)間,“圓通(tong)”是(shi)(shi)觀(guan)音(yin)(yin)的(de)代名(ming)詞,其意(yi)是(shi)(shi)“不偏(pian)倚,無(wu)阻礙”,圓滿通(tong)達。大(da)圓通(tong)殿(dian)即觀(guan)音(yin)(yin)菩(pu)薩(sa)正(zheng)殿(dian),在(zai)佛教經典中,觀(guan)音(yin)(yin)是(shi)(shi)耳根通(tong)(一(yi)根通(tong))即六(liu)根(眼(yan)、耳、鼻、舌、身(shen)(shen)、意(yi))通(tong)。觀(guan)音(yin)(yin)菩(pu)薩(sa)能聽到苦難的(de)呼救聲,便能眼(yan)觀(guan),故名(ming)觀(guan)音(yin)(yin)。大(da)圓通(tong)殿(dian)是(shi)(shi)單層重檐的(de)木結構建筑,頂(ding)蓋黃色琉璃瓦,飛檐翹角,莊重典雅,是(shi)(shi)典型(xing)的(de)清初建筑風格(ge)。大(da)圓通(tong)殿(dian)兩(liang)旁端坐(zuo)著32座(zuo)觀(guan)音(yin)(yin)應身(shen)(shen)像,展示(shi)了觀(guan)音(yin)(yin)在(zai)十(shi)方世界以(yi)不同身(shen)(shen)份(fen)出現的(de)各種形象。再加上(shang)中間供奉的(de)觀(guan)音(yin)(yin)佛身(shen)(shen),共33身(shen)(shen)。這里(li)還有一(yi)座(zuo)白(bai)玉的(de)觀(guan)音(yin)(yin),很多人拜完以(yi)后(hou),都會摸一(yi)摸玉觀(guan)音(yin)(yin)的(de)腳(jiao)。
相關資料
現(xian)存主殿是(shi)文殊殿,為宋(song)代重建,殿內(nei)(nei)仍保留有(you)(you)唐柱兩根(gen)。前(qian)柱四根(gen)呈八字形(xing),稍向內(nei)(nei)傾,且保留有(you)(you)唐代建筑風格。此(ci)殿面闊(kuo)五間,進深(shen)三間,前(qian)有(you)(you)廊子,并有(you)(you)磚(zhuan)鋪(pu)月臺,殿內(nei)(nei)兩柱上懸掛對聯(lian)一副(fu):福殿巍(wei)峨山接三清法界(jie),天(tian)香縹緲如游九(jiu)府神(shen)宮。 殿內(nei)(nei)彩塑,造型(xing)優美,姿(zi)態生動,衣紋流暢(chang),比例勻(yun)稱,為目(mu)前(qian)宋(song)塑中(zhong)罕(han)見珍(zhen)品。兩壁(bi)千(qian)佛閣內(nei)(nei)的宋(song)代木雕(diao),現(xian)存有(you)(you)157尊,其(qi)中(zhong)有(you)(you)十尊三頭六臂,雕(diao)工(gong)(gong)精細,刀法有(you)(you)力(li),真可謂藝(yi)術大作。殿內(nei)(nei)有(you)(you)壁(bi)畫,內(nei)(nei)容為菩薩救(jiu)難,色(se)彩以石綠(lv)和鐵青色(se)為主,筆工(gong)(gong)古樸(pu)。
在殿內(nei)壁角,有(you)一曹姑(gu)姑(gu)坐化(hua)像,其(qi)(qi)外部泥塑,其(qi)(qi)內(nei)確有(you)人(ren)體骨骼。據(ju)傳在建此廟時(shi),此地有(you)曹氏姥愿(yuan)以汲(ji)水為布施,每清晨(chen)汲(ji)水一缸,則足夠工人(ren)一日之用,竣工后(hou)而曹氏姥便(bian)坐化(hua)。于是(shi),在寺中(zhong)別(bie)修一庵塑像祀之,以其(qi)(qi)有(you)功于寺