物質文化遺產
全國重點(dian)文物保護單位
地址(zhi):萬(wan)榮(rong)縣城西南(nan)40公里(li)的寶鼎鄉廟前村
俗(su)稱后(hou)土祠(ci)。西、北兩面緊臨(lin)黃河、汾河,依山傍水,地勢(shi)開(kai)闊。
據(ju)碑刻(ke)(ke)記載,這里歷(li)史上(shang)曾(ceng)屬(shu)于著名的“汾陰脽地”,自漢(han)武帝時,汾陰后(hou)土(tu)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)已(yi)成為(wei)歷(li)代帝王祭祀(si)地神,祈福育民(min)的勝地。漢(han)文帝后(hou)元(yuan)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)163年(nian)(nian)(nian))建(jian)(jian)汾陰廟(miao)(miao)(miao),武帝元(yuan)狩二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)126年(nian)(nian)(nian))建(jian)(jian)后(hou)土(tu)祠(ci)(ci),此后(hou),東漢(han)、唐、宋(song)各代屢事興建(jian)(jian),至北宋(song)大(da)中祥符(fu)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1012年(nian)(nian)(nian)) 祠(ci)(ci)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)規模宏闊,祀(si)勢極盛。后(hou)來(lai)屢遭(zao)黃河水(shui)患,后(hou)土(tu)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)被淹沒(mei)。清同治九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1874年(nian)(nian)(nian)) 易地重建(jian)(jian)于今址。現存(cun)建(jian)(jian)筑以晚清所建(jian)(jian)居多,但山門仍為(wei)元(yuan)建(jian)(jian),秋風(feng)樓(lou)為(wei)明代遺構,上(shang)存(cun)有漢(han)武帝《秋風(feng)辭(ci)》元(yuan)代碑刻(ke)(ke)。
廟址坐北(bei)(bei)朝南,總平面呈南北(bei)(bei)長的(de)矩形,占(zhan)地(di)面積約(yue)17600平方米。沿中軸線(xian)有山(shan)(shan)門(men)、戲(xi)臺(tai)、獻殿(dian)、享亭、圣母(mu)殿(dian)、秋風樓,獻殿(dian)兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)(ce)為東西五(wu)虎殿(dian),圣母(mu)殿(dian)東側(ce)(ce)為碑亭。山(shan)(shan)門(men)是以(yi)三開(kai)間歇山(shan)(shan)頂(ding)為主,兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)(ce)歇山(shan)(shan)式(shi)便門(men)與山(shan)(shan)門(men)聯構(gou)一體。后檐插廊(lang)制(zhi)成(cheng)獻神樂樓,廟內并列(lie)戲(xi)臺(tai)兩(liang)(liang)座,與山(shan)(shan)門(men)內倒座戲(xi)臺(tai)連(lian)系在一起,平面上呈“品”字(zi)形,故俗稱“品”字(zi)戲(xi)臺(tai)。
秋風樓(lou)位(wei)居最后,建于高(gao)(gao)臺(tai)之上,樓(lou)身三(san)層,高(gao)(gao)33米余,面(mian)寬(kuan)、進深各五間,樓(lou)頂(ding)為(wei)十字(zi)歇山頂(ding)。樓(lou)內設有金柱12根,直通樓(lou)頂(ding)。秋風樓(lou)輝宏典(dian)雅,挺(ting)拔(ba)秀美,為(wei)中(zhong)國樓(lou)閣建筑(zhu)中(zhong)的(de)佳作(zuo)。
后土廟內存鐵鐘(zhong)、鐵缸、石香爐(lu)、抱鼓石,以及宋刻(ke)(ke)“蕭檣碑(bei)”、金刻(ke)(ke)“廟貌(mao)碑(bei)”、元刻(ke)(ke)“秋風辭”碑(bei)等珍貴文(wen)物。
門票:50元
萬榮(rong)后(hou)(hou)土(tu)廟(miao)位(wei)于山(shan)西省萬榮(rong)縣城西南40公里黃河東(dong)畔,漢武(wu)帝時廟(miao)在汾陰,清(qing)同(tong)治九年(nian)(1870年(nian))為黃河水所淹,移今址重建。占地面積約1.8萬平方(fang)米(mi),現存山(shan)門重樓(lou)、戲(xi)臺、獻殿、后(hou)(hou)土(tu)大殿及鐘鼓樓(lou)、配殿、廊屋等,雕刻(ke)富麗,琉璃鮮亮,布局完整。后(hou)(hou)院廊下(xia)鑲有(you)北宋真(zhen)宗御書的蕭墻(qiang)壁。祠后(hou)(hou)秋風樓(lou)以(yi)存有(you)元刻(ke)漢武(wu)帝《秋風辭》碑而著(zhu)名。
萬(wan)榮縣(xian)西南40公(gong)里處廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)前村的(de)汾陰后(hou)土祠(ci)(ci),是神州大(da)地(di)上(shang)古(gu)老的(de)后(hou)土娘娘廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。據祠(ci)(ci)中(zhong)(zhong)保存完好的(de)《歷(li)朝立(li)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)致祠(ci)(ci)實跡》碑記和《蒲州府(fu)記》記載,“軒轅(yuan)氏祀(si)(si)地(di)祇(zhi)掃地(di)為(wei)(wei)壇于(yu)脽上(shang),二帝(di)八員(yuan)有(you)司,三(san)王澤歲舉”。到(dao)漢代,進而形成制度,每三(san)年(nian)(nian)皇(huang)帝(di)都要來(lai)(lai)這里舉行一(yi)次(ci)(ci)大(da)祀(si)(si)。漢武帝(di)劉徹時更是東岳封禪,汾陰祀(si)(si)土,于(yu)元(yuan)(yuan)鼎四年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)前113年(nian)(nian))擴建(jian)汾陰后(hou)土祠(ci)(ci),定為(wei)(wei)國(guo)家祠(ci)(ci)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),作為(wei)(wei)巡行之地(di)。他一(yi)生曾六(liu)次(ci)(ci)祭(ji)祀(si)(si)后(hou)土,儀式隆重(zhong)無比。漢宣帝(di)、元(yuan)(yuan)帝(di)、成帝(di)、哀帝(di)和東漢光(guang)武帝(di)等先后(hou)來(lai)(lai)此祭(ji)祀(si)(si)達11次(ci)(ci)之多。唐時,玄宗(zong)李隆基于(yu)開元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)間(jian)三(san)次(ci)(ci)來(lai)(lai)此祭(ji)祀(si)(si),并擴建(jian)祠(ci)(ci)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。宋真宗(zong)趙桓大(da)中(zhong)(zhong)祥符四年(nian)(nian)也(ye)來(lai)(lai)此祭(ji)祀(si)(si),為(wei)(wei)這次(ci)(ci)祭(ji)祀(si)(si)活動,撥款對后(hou)土祠(ci)(ci)進行了修葺。明萬(wan)歷(li)年(nian)(nian)間(jian),因黃河沖(chong)刷(shua),后(hou)土祠(ci)(ci)陷入黃河,經(jing)先后(hou)兩次(ci)(ci)遷(qian)建(jian),又(you)均被黃河吞沒,現(xian)存建(jian)筑是清同(tong)治九年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1870年(nian)(nian))新(xin)選廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)址重(zhong)建(jian)。
祠內現存建筑有山(shan)門、品字臺、獻殿、香廳、正殿,東(dong)西五虎殿,宋真宗(zong)碑(bei)等。藏有漢武帝秋風辭碑(bei)的秋風樓,就是在正殿后面中軸線北端(duan)。后土(tu)娘(niang)娘(niang)塑像,靈踞正殿之中,歷(li)來為人們崇拜敬仰。每年(nian)農(nong)歷(li)三月十八和十月初五為后土(tu)娘(niang)娘(niang)廟會,也是后土(tu)大祀之日(ri)。
近年(nian)來,海外華人尋根,除到陜西(xi)黃陵祭祖外,把汾陰后(hou)土娘(niang)娘(niang)則視(shi)為先(xian)于黃帝(di)的祖先(xian),是中華民(min)族(zu)的源頭和總根,所以紛(fen)紛(fen)前來朝(chao)圣祭祖。
始建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)漢文(wen)帝(di)公元前163年(nian)間,廟(miao)內(nei)(nei)現存(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)有山(shan)門、摒(bing)臺、香亭、正殿(dian)、秋(qiu)風(feng)樓、東(dong)(dong)西(xi)龍虎配殿(dian)等, 結構精巧、建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)宏偉(wei),山(shan)門與摒(bing)臺組成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)“品”字(zi)戲臺獨(du)具一格,有極高的(de)(de)藝術價值(zhi),建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)上的(de)(de)懸雕玲(ling)瓏剔透、栩栩如生,琉璃飾(shi)件光彩奪目,木雕、磚雕結構的(de)(de)秋(qiu)風(feng)樓平和而(er)立、崇峻(jun)壯觀,樓內(nei)(nei)藏有元治元八年(nian)捐刻(ke)漢武(wu)帝(di)秋(qiu)風(feng)字(zi)碑(bei)而(er)聞(wen)名全國(guo),整(zheng)個后(hou)(hou)(hou)土(tu)廟(miao)布局嚴謹(jin)、完(wan)整(zheng),有著豐富的(de)(de)文(wen)化內(nei)(nei)涵和歷史(shi)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)價值(zhi),為保護(hu)這(zhe)一國(guo)寶,在國(guo)家(jia)文(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)局、省(sheng)文(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)局的(de)(de)高度重(zhong)視下,省(sheng)古建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)所組織專家(jia)本著“修(xiu)舊如舊”的(de)(de)原(yuan)則科(ke)學地(di)(di)(di)對后(hou)(hou)(hou)土(tu)廟(miao)部分古建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)進行(xing)搶救性修(xiu)繕,并于(yu)近日完(wan)工,為山(shan)西(xi)又增添了一處重(zhong)要的(de)(de)文(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)旅游景點。 這(zhe)里(li)歷史(shi)上曾(ceng)屬(shu)于(yu)著名的(de)(de)“汾(fen)陰(yin)脽地(di)(di)(di)”,自漢武(wu)帝(di)時,汾(fen)陰(yin)后(hou)(hou)(hou)土(tu)廟(miao)已成(cheng)(cheng)為歷代帝(di)王祭地(di)(di)(di)神,祈福育(yu)民的(de)(de)勝(sheng)地(di)(di)(di)。漢文(wen)帝(di)后(hou)(hou)(hou)元七年(nian)(公元前163年(nian))建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)汾(fen)陰(yin)廟(miao),武(wu)帝(di)元狩二年(nian)(公元前126年(nian))建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)土(tu)祠(ci)”,此(ci)后(hou)(hou)(hou),東(dong)(dong)漢、唐、宋各代屢(lv)事興(xing)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),至北宋大中祥符四年(nian)(1012年(nian))修(xiu)葺(qi)規模(mo)達到(dao)極盛,后(hou)(hou)(hou)因黃河水患,后(hou)(hou)(hou)土(tu)廟(miao)被淹(yan)沒。清同治九年(nian)(1874年(nian)) 易(yi)地(di)(di)(di)重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)今址。現存(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)以晚清所建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)居多。
后土廟(miao)坐北向南,總(zong)平(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)呈南北長的矩(ju)形(xing),占地面(mian)(mian)積約17600平(ping)(ping)方米(mi)。沿(yan)中軸線有山門、戲(xi)(xi)臺(tai)、獻(xian)殿(dian)、享亭(ting)(ting)、圣母殿(dian)、秋風樓(lou),獻(xian)殿(dian)兩側(ce)為(wei)(wei)東西五(wu)虎殿(dian),圣母殿(dian)東側(ce)為(wei)(wei)碑亭(ting)(ting)。山門是(shi)以三開間(jian)歇(xie)山頂(ding)(ding)為(wei)(wei)主,兩側(ce)建歇(xie)山頂(ding)(ding)便門的三門組合(he),后加插廊成(cheng)戲(xi)(xi)臺(tai),并(bing)列(lie)戲(xi)(xi)臺(tai)與山門后倒座戲(xi)(xi)臺(tai)上呈“品(pin)”字形(xing),故稱“品(pin)”字戲(xi)(xi)臺(tai)。并(bing)列(lie)戲(xi)(xi)臺(tai)實為(wei)(wei)面(mian)(mian)寬(kuan)(kuan)三間(jian),進(jin)(jin)深四椽,單(dan)檐(yan)硬山頂(ding)(ding)的兩座建筑的連接。獻(xian)殿(dian)面(mian)(mian)寬(kuan)(kuan)五(wu)間(jian),進(jin)(jin)深四椽,單(dan)檐(yan)硬山頂(ding)(ding),脊部墊板上“大清同(tong)治十三歲次--立柱”的題記。圣母殿(dian)面(mian)(mian)寬(kuan)(kuan)五(wu)間(jian),進(jin)(jin)深六椽,單(dan)檐(yan)懸山頂(ding)(ding),舉折平(ping)(ping)緩(huan),構造(zao)簡潔。
秋風樓(lou)位居最(zui)后,建(jian)于高(gao)臺(tai)之上,樓(lou)身三層(ceng),高(gao)33米余,面寬(kuan)、進深各五間,樓(lou)頂(ding)(ding)為十字歇山頂(ding)(ding)。四周圍廊(lang),正(zheng)南當心辟(pi)板門(men)一道,一、二層(ceng)四面各出抱(bao)廈一間,二、三層(ceng)檐下密布形(xing)制(zhi)(zhi)各異(yi)的斗?承托平(ping)座(zuo)。樓(lou)內檐置12根金柱,直通樓(lou)頂(ding)(ding),柱間設額枋、平(ping)板枋聯結成(cheng)(cheng)井筒(tong)式(shi)構(gou)架,與(yu)各層(ceng)抱(bao)廈、圍廊(lang)的梁枋彼此(ci)相聯,形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)穩固的整體結構(gou),制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)手(shou)法頗具明(ming)代風格(ge)。秋風樓(lou)輝宏典雅,挺拔秀美,為中國樓(lou)閣(ge)建(jian)筑(zhu)中的佳作(zuo)。
后土廟內(nei)存碑(bei)刻、鐵鐘、鐵缸、石(shi)香爐、抱鼓石(shi)等附(fu)屬文(wen)物,尤其是金刻“廟貌碑(bei)”、元刻“秋風辭”碑(bei),在(zai)書法與文(wen)學藝術方面具有獨特的(de)價值。