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基本信息

天 齊(qi) 廟(第四(si)(si)批省保)。時代：元。地址(zhi)：孝(xiao)義市(shi)梧桐鎮中王(wang)屯村(cun)。始建年代不詳, 清康熙年間有過大的修葺。坐北朝南，占地面積(ji)15000平方米。主要建筑(zhu)有正殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、樂樓，兩側為東(dong)(dong)西(xi)偏殿(dian)(dian)(dian)。正殿(dian)(dian)(dian)為元代建筑(zhu)。面闊五間，進深四(si)(si)架椽，單檐(yan)懸山(shan)頂。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)頂琉璃(li)脊飾，斗(dou)栱四(si)(si)鋪作。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內四(si)(si)根柱子上泥塑盤龍，東(dong)(dong)、西(xi)、北三面墻(qiang)繪(hui)有16幅壁畫，面積(ji)60多平方米。

內容概述

整座寺(si)(si)廟坐(zuo)北(bei)向(xiang)南，北(bei)高南低，南北(bei)長88.8米(mi)(mi)，東(dong)西(xi)(xi)寬54米(mi)(mi)，總面積約4790平方(fang)米(mi)(mi)。整體建筑(zhu)嚴謹合(he)理，中軸線排(pai)列：正殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、樂樓、東(dong)西(xi)(xi)偏殿(dian)(dian)(dian)。大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)坐(zuo)北(bei)向(xiang)南，坐(zuo)于寺(si)(si)院(yuan)內(nei)北(bei)部的高臺(tai)之上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，是本寺(si)(si)院(yuan)主要的建筑(zhu)之一，面闊五間(jian)，進深六檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)前(qian)帶廊懸山頂。臺(tai)明的高度較小，只設一層階石。大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)墻體內(nei)、外(wai)(wai)(wai)墻為(wei)青磚跑砌(qi)，內(nei)墻墻身白灰抹面，在(zai)大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)的兩側砌(qi)支護(hu)矮墻一道。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)頂鋪(pu)石砌(qi)琉(liu)璃脊(ji)(ji)瓦，檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)下(xia)(xia)為(wei)單翹(qiao)垂昂斗(dou)拱(gong)。大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)門高3米(mi)(mi)，寬2.8米(mi)(mi)，殿(dian)(dian)(dian)外(wai)(wai)(wai)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)下(xia)(xia)6根(gen)撐(cheng)柱(zhu)，每(mei)柱(zhu)下(xia)(xia)都有柱(zhu)基，厚0.22米(mi)(mi)，上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)雕鎮獸(shou)。大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)有元代方(fang)形(xing)木柱(zhu)，殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)四(si)根(gen)撐(cheng)柱(zhu)，上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)盤(pan)四(si)條極富(fu)動態的泥塑(su)盤(pan)龍，每(mei)龍長3.1米(mi)(mi)，龍色分別為(wei)紅、黃、紫(zi)、藍。大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)梁(liang)(liang)架(jia)(jia)形(xing)制(zhi)分為(wei)兩種(zhong)：明間(jian)、次間(jian)四(si)架(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)后接雙步(bu)梁(liang)(liang)前(qian)接單步(bu)梁(liang)(liang)，通(tong)(tong)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)共(gong)用(yong)四(si)柱(zhu)。雙步(bu)梁(liang)(liang)與單步(bu)梁(liang)(liang)插入金(jin)(jin)柱(zhu)及(ji)前(qian)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)柱(zhu)，雙步(bu)梁(liang)(liang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)施隔(ge)架(jia)(jia)科(ke)(ke)斗(dou)拱(gong)及(ji)托腳承(cheng)托下(xia)(xia)金(jin)(jin)檁，前(qian)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)金(jin)(jin)檁由前(qian)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)金(jin)(jin)柱(zhu)通(tong)(tong)過隔(ge)架(jia)(jia)科(ke)(ke)斗(dou)拱(gong)支接承(cheng)托。四(si)架(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)施隔(ge)架(jia)(jia)科(ke)(ke)斗(dou)拱(gong)承(cheng)托上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)金(jin)(jin)檁、三架(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)。三架(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)施瓜柱(zhu)、角(jiao)背、叉手及(ji)隔(ge)架(jia)(jia)共(gong)同承(cheng)托脊(ji)(ji)檁。稍(shao)間(jian)梁(liang)(liang)架(jia)(jia)的五架(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)前(qian)后接單步(bu)梁(liang)(liang)，通(tong)(tong)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)共(gong)用(yong)四(si)柱(zhu)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)東(dong)、西(xi)(xi)、北(bei)三面共(gong)有16幅壁畫，總面積60多平方(fang)米(mi)(mi)，內(nei)容豐富(fu)，繪畫書法藝術皆佳(jia)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)塑(su)像20尊(zun)，身高皆在(zai)一丈外(wai)(wai)(wai)，在(zai)文化大革命(ming)時被毀壞。

院內東西各有偏殿三(san)(san)間。院南(nan)與(yu)大殿相(xiang)對有樂樓(lou)一座，坐南(nan)面(mian)北，面(mian)闊三(san)(san)間，進(jin)深五椽，磚木結構，單檐歇(xie)山頂(ding)，前(qian)檐出硬山抱廈(sha)。戲臺梁(liang)(liang)架為(wei)四架梁(liang)(liang)前(qian)接單步梁(liang)(liang)，四架梁(liang)(liang)上施角背、瓜柱(zhu)(zhu)承托三(san)(san)架梁(liang)(liang)及上金檁。三(san)(san)架梁(liang)(liang)上施角背、瓜柱(zhu)(zhu)、叉手承托脊檁。抱廈(sha)通(tong)過(guo)前(qian)檐柱(zhu)(zhu)與(yu)前(qian)檐金柱(zhu)(zhu)上施雙步梁(liang)(liang)承托。戲臺前(qian)檐無裝修，后(hou)檐墻(qiang)砌(qi)磚拱券，內設板門。金柱(zhu)(zhu)設內裝修為(wei)隔板將戲臺分為(wei)前(qian)后(hou)臺。樂樓(lou)前(qian)照(zhao)壁高3.2米，寬2.3米，東西門寬4米，深3.8米，通(tong)高4.2米，為(wei)磚木結構。

天齊廟具有(you)獨(du)特的元代(dai)建筑(zhu)風格，尤(you)其殿(dian)內(nei)裝飾的四(si)條泥塑盤龍栩栩如生，為(wei)歷(li)代(dai)建筑(zhu)所(suo)少見。