天 齊 廟(第四(si)批省保)。時(shi)代(dai):元。地址:孝(xiao)義市梧桐鎮中王屯村。始建年(nian)代(dai)不(bu)詳(xiang), 清康(kang)熙年(nian)間有(you)過大的修(xiu)葺(qi)。坐北朝南,占地面(mian)積(ji)15000平方米。主要建筑有(you)正(zheng)殿(dian)、樂(le)樓,兩側為(wei)東西偏(pian)殿(dian)。正(zheng)殿(dian)為(wei)元代(dai)建筑。面(mian)闊五間,進(jin)深(shen)四(si)架椽,單檐懸山頂。殿(dian)頂琉璃脊飾(shi),斗栱四(si)鋪作(zuo)。殿(dian)內四(si)根柱子上泥塑盤龍,東、西、北三(san)面(mian)墻繪有(you)16幅壁畫,面(mian)積(ji)60多平方米。
整(zheng)(zheng)座寺(si)廟坐北(bei)(bei)向南,北(bei)(bei)高南低,南北(bei)(bei)長88.8米(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)西(xi)寬54米(mi)(mi)(mi),總(zong)面積約4790平方米(mi)(mi)(mi)。整(zheng)(zheng)體建筑嚴謹合理,中(zhong)軸線排列:正(zheng)殿(dian)、樂(le)樓、東(dong)西(xi)偏殿(dian)。大(da)殿(dian)坐北(bei)(bei)向南,坐于寺(si)院(yuan)內(nei)(nei)北(bei)(bei)部的高臺(tai)之上(shang),是本(ben)寺(si)院(yuan)主要的建筑之一(yi),面闊五間(jian),進深六檐(yan)(yan)前(qian)帶廊(lang)懸山頂。臺(tai)明的高度較小(xiao),只設一(yi)層階石(shi)(shi)。大(da)殿(dian)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體內(nei)(nei)、外墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)為青磚(zhuan)跑砌,內(nei)(nei)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)身(shen)白灰抹面,在(zai)大(da)殿(dian)的兩側砌支(zhi)護(hu)矮墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)一(yi)道。殿(dian)頂鋪石(shi)(shi)砌琉璃脊(ji)(ji)瓦,檐(yan)(yan)下為單(dan)(dan)翹垂昂斗(dou)(dou)拱。大(da)殿(dian)門高3米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬2.8米(mi)(mi)(mi),殿(dian)外檐(yan)(yan)下6根撐(cheng)柱(zhu)(zhu),每(mei)柱(zhu)(zhu)下都有柱(zhu)(zhu)基,厚0.22米(mi)(mi)(mi),上(shang)雕鎮(zhen)獸。大(da)殿(dian)內(nei)(nei)有元代方形(xing)木柱(zhu)(zhu),殿(dian)內(nei)(nei)四根撐(cheng)柱(zhu)(zhu),上(shang)盤四條極(ji)富動態的泥塑盤龍,每(mei)龍長3.1米(mi)(mi)(mi),龍色(se)分別為紅、黃、紫、藍。大(da)殿(dian)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)架(jia)(jia)(jia)形(xing)制分為兩種:明間(jian)、次間(jian)四架(jia)(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)后(hou)接(jie)(jie)雙(shuang)步梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)前(qian)接(jie)(jie)單(dan)(dan)步梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),通檐(yan)(yan)共用四柱(zhu)(zhu)。雙(shuang)步梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)與(yu)單(dan)(dan)步梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)插入(ru)金(jin)(jin)柱(zhu)(zhu)及(ji)前(qian)檐(yan)(yan)柱(zhu)(zhu),雙(shuang)步梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)上(shang)施(shi)(shi)隔(ge)架(jia)(jia)(jia)科斗(dou)(dou)拱及(ji)托腳承(cheng)托下金(jin)(jin)檁,前(qian)檐(yan)(yan)金(jin)(jin)檁由前(qian)檐(yan)(yan)金(jin)(jin)柱(zhu)(zhu)通過隔(ge)架(jia)(jia)(jia)科斗(dou)(dou)拱支(zhi)接(jie)(jie)承(cheng)托。四架(jia)(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)上(shang)施(shi)(shi)隔(ge)架(jia)(jia)(jia)科斗(dou)(dou)拱承(cheng)托上(shang)金(jin)(jin)檁、三架(jia)(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。三架(jia)(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)上(shang)施(shi)(shi)瓜柱(zhu)(zhu)、角背、叉手(shou)及(ji)隔(ge)架(jia)(jia)(jia)共同承(cheng)托脊(ji)(ji)檁。稍間(jian)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)架(jia)(jia)(jia)的五架(jia)(jia)(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)前(qian)后(hou)接(jie)(jie)單(dan)(dan)步梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),通檐(yan)(yan)共用四柱(zhu)(zhu)。殿(dian)內(nei)(nei)東(dong)、西(xi)、北(bei)(bei)三面共有16幅壁畫(hua),總(zong)面積60多平方米(mi)(mi)(mi),內(nei)(nei)容豐富,繪(hui)畫(hua)書法藝術皆(jie)佳。殿(dian)內(nei)(nei)塑像20尊,身(shen)高皆(jie)在(zai)一(yi)丈外,在(zai)文化大(da)革命時被毀壞。
院(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)(nei)東(dong)西各有偏殿三間(jian)。院(yuan)(yuan)南(nan)與大殿相對(dui)有樂樓一座,坐南(nan)面(mian)北,面(mian)闊(kuo)三間(jian),進深(shen)(shen)五椽,磚(zhuan)木結構,單檐(yan)歇(xie)山(shan)頂,前(qian)(qian)(qian)檐(yan)出硬山(shan)抱廈。戲臺梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)架(jia)為(wei)(wei)四架(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)前(qian)(qian)(qian)接單步梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),四架(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)上(shang)(shang)施(shi)角背、瓜柱承托(tuo)三架(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)及上(shang)(shang)金檁(lin)。三架(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)上(shang)(shang)施(shi)角背、瓜柱、叉(cha)手承托(tuo)脊檁(lin)。抱廈通過(guo)前(qian)(qian)(qian)檐(yan)柱與前(qian)(qian)(qian)檐(yan)金柱上(shang)(shang)施(shi)雙步梁(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)承托(tuo)。戲臺前(qian)(qian)(qian)檐(yan)無(wu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)修,后檐(yan)墻砌磚(zhuan)拱券,內(nei)(nei)設板門。金柱設內(nei)(nei)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)修為(wei)(wei)隔板將(jiang)戲臺分為(wei)(wei)前(qian)(qian)(qian)后臺。樂樓前(qian)(qian)(qian)照壁(bi)高(gao)3.2米(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)2.3米(mi),東(dong)西門寬(kuan)(kuan)4米(mi),深(shen)(shen)3.8米(mi),通高(gao)4.2米(mi),為(wei)(wei)磚(zhuan)木結構。
天齊廟具有獨特的(de)元代建(jian)筑(zhu)風格,尤其殿內裝飾的(de)四(si)條(tiao)泥塑盤(pan)龍栩栩如生,為(wei)歷代建(jian)筑(zhu)所少見。