芒果视频下载

山西代縣(xian)阿育王(wang)塔，坐落在(zai)代縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)古城(cheng)(cheng)圓(yuan)果寺內(nei)，俗稱白塔。與邊靖樓遙相對(dui)峙，競相爭高。 始建于隋仁壽元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)（公元(yuan)601年(nian)(nian)(nian)），原為(wei)木結(jie)構，稱“龍(long)興”，唐會昌二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)（公元(yuan)842年(nian)(nian)(nian)）滅(mie)佛(fo)塔大中(zhong)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)（公元(yuan)847年(nian)(nian)(nian)）重建，改“龍(long)興”為(wei)“圓(yuan)果”。

發展歷史

北(bei)宋(song)元(yuan)(yuan)豐二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公元(yuan)(yuan)1079年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）被(bei)焚，崇寧元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公元(yuan)(yuan)1102年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）又建，南宋(song)嘉(jia)定十(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公元(yuan)(yuan)1079年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）元(yuan)(yuan)兵南下再(zai)毀，自建600多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)中(zhong)歷(li)遭三劫，于元(yuan)(yuan)至元(yuan)(yuan)十(shi)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公元(yuan)(yuan)1275年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）改建為(wei)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)。塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)為(wei)圓錐(zhui)體(ti)、佛教(jiao)藏(zang)式造(zao)型。塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)基平(ping)面(mian)為(wei)長(chang)(chang)方形(xing)(xing)，南北(bei)長(chang)(chang)50米(mi)(mi)(mi)，東西30米(mi)(mi)(mi)，高1．5米(mi)(mi)(mi)，塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)建于塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)基正中(zhong)央(yang)。塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)平(ping)面(mian)為(wei)圓形(xing)(xing)，磚(zhuan)(zhuan)砌，周(zhou)長(chang)(chang)60米(mi)(mi)(mi)，高40米(mi)(mi)(mi)。作覆仰蓮瓣及重澀(se)混肚與方澀(se)的須彌(mi)座(zuo)(zuo)式，雕(diao)刻著各種(zhong)花飾、荷(he)瓣和印度的“陀羅尼(ni)經”。塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)身上施曲尺形(xing)(xing)彌(mi)座(zuo)(zuo)，座(zuo)(zuo)上承(cheng)剎桿。原(yuan)有磚(zhuan)(zhuan)作相輪(lun)十(shi)三層，兩層已毀，上覆蓋(gai)盤，中(zhong)裝金頂寶(bao)珠。造(zao)型秀(xiu)美，雄健挺拔，雕(diao)藝高超(chao)，為(wei)我國藏(zang)式塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)中(zhong)之佳作。

元至(zhi)元十二年(nian)（公元1275年(nian)）改建(jian)為(wei)磚塔(ta)(ta)(ta)。塔(ta)(ta)(ta)為(wei)圓(yuan)錐(zhui)體、佛教藏式(shi)(shi)造型(xing)。塔(ta)(ta)(ta)基平面為(wei)長(chang)方形，南北長(chang)50米(mi)，東(dong)西30米(mi)，高1．5米(mi)，塔(ta)(ta)(ta)建(jian)于塔(ta)(ta)(ta)基正中(zhong)(zhong)央。塔(ta)(ta)(ta)平面為(wei)圓(yuan)形，磚砌，周長(chang)60米(mi)，高40米(mi)。作覆仰蓮瓣及重(zhong)澀混(hun)肚與方澀的須彌座(zuo)式(shi)(shi)，雕刻著各種花飾、荷瓣和(he)印度的“陀羅尼經”。塔(ta)(ta)(ta)身上(shang)施曲尺形彌座(zuo)，座(zuo)上(shang)承剎桿。原有磚作相輪十三層，兩層已毀，上(shang)覆蓋盤(pan)，中(zhong)(zhong)裝金(jin)頂(ding)寶(bao)珠(zhu)。造型(xing)秀(xiu)美(mei)，雄健挺拔，雕藝高超(chao)，為(wei)我國(guo)藏式(shi)(shi)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)中(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)佳作。

主要景點

阿育王(wang)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)由主(zhu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)和附(fu)(fu)屬小(xiao)(xiao)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)構(gou)成(cheng)，全用(yong)(yong)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)砌。主(zhu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)底(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)四(si)隅各(ge)(ge)附(fu)(fu)建一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)座(zuo)(zuo)扇六(liu)(liu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)亭(ting)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)小(xiao)(xiao)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)，小(xiao)(xiao)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)環(huan)抱主(zhu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)，高(gao)低(di)錯落(luo)，主(zhu)次相依，精巧華麗，壯觀秀(xiu)逸主(zhu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)是一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)座(zuo)(zuo)樓閣(ge)式建筑(zhu)，通高(gao)31．5米(mi)，共分四(si)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，各(ge)(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)檐(yan)(yan)下均(jun)(jun)配(pei)置華麗的(de)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)仿木構(gou)斗拱(gong)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)至(zhi)三(san)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)作八角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)，底(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)中(zhong)部(bu)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)制(zhi)斗拱(gong)，北(bei)側辟一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)券門(men)(men)。二三(san)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)均(jun)(jun)設平(ping)(ping)(ping)座(zuo)(zuo)。除各(ge)(ge)正(zheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)辟拱(gong)形(xing)(xing)(xing)券門(men)(men)外，還在各(ge)(ge)側面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)雕以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)斜(xie)(xie)欞(ling)假窗、方形(xing)(xing)(xing)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)龕。第(di)(di)(di)三(san)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)平(ping)(ping)(ping)座(zuo)(zuo)甚大，而塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)身(shen)顯著縮小(xiao)(xiao)，檐(yan)(yan)上拐角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)處均(jun)(jun)雕力士像，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)承托塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)身(shen)的(de)第(di)(di)(di)四(si)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。第(di)(di)(di)四(si)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)略(lve)呈(cheng)(cheng)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)，外觀如同一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)圓(yuan)(yuan)錐(zhui)體(ti)。這是塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)主(zhu)要部(bu)分，也(ye)是塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)精華所(suo)在，其(qi)(qi)高(gao)度約占(zhan)全塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)通高(gao)的(de)三(san)分之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。圓(yuan)(yuan)錐(zhui)體(ti)內檐(yan)(yan)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)室(shi)供奉兩尊石佛(fo)(fo)(fo)，外檐(yan)(yan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)八面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)八角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)垂線為(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)心(xin)，交(jiao)錯彩塑菩薩(sa)、力士禽獸(shou)、獅(shi)、象以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及樓臺亭(ting)閣(ge)等形(xing)(xing)(xing)象，題材廣泛(fan)、構(gou)圖新穎、排列有(you)(you)(you)序、做(zuo)工(gong)精巧。其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)，尤(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)動(dong)物造型最為(wei)(wei)(wei)逼真，兇猛的(de)獅(shi)子(zi)、僳悍的(de)大象、欲(yu)躍的(de)青蛙，無不(bu)生動(dong)傳神，活靈活現(xian)(xian)。第(di)(di)(di)四(si)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)周身(shen)如同一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)組(zu)雕塑藝術群，五(wu)(wu)光(guang)十色、光(guang)絕奪目。該(gai)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)上端以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)制(zhi)斗拱(gong)橡子(zi)、披子(zi)，上覆八角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)亭(ting)式塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)檐(yan)(yan)，再上則冠以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)八角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)攢尖形(xing)(xing)(xing)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)剎.塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)身(shen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)至(zhi)三(san)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)設置階(jie)梯，酷暑季節，游人登(deng)臨第(di)(di)(di)三(san)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)平(ping)(ping)(ping)座(zuo)(zuo)，頓覺(jue)涼風習(xi)習(xi)。塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)由主(zhu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)和附(fu)(fu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)組(zu)合而成(cheng),坐在同一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方形(xing)(xing)(xing)基臺上，總(zong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)呈(cheng)(cheng)八角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)，四(si)正(zheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)通寬(kuan)6.2米(mi)，四(si)斜(xie)(xie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)寬(kuan)3.5米(mi)，中(zhong)央(yang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta),四(si)斜(xie)(xie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)各(ge)(ge)建一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)附(fu)(fu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)，主(zhu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)與附(fu)(fu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)寬(kuan)1.36米(mi)的(de)內回廊。附(fu)(fu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)頂原飾(shi)有(you)(you)(you)小(xiao)(xiao)嘛塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)，現(xian)(xian)已(yi)不(bu)存(cun)。下面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)扁六(liu)(liu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)亭(ting)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)單(dan)(dan)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)套室(shi)，套室(shi)各(ge)(ge)斜(xie)(xie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)有(you)(you)(you)影刻(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)破子(zi)欞(ling)窗，各(ge)(ge)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)轉角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)處有(you)(you)(you)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)砌依柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)上配(pei)置闌(lan)額斗。四(si)個斜(xie)(xie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)附(fu)(fu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)聯墻(qiang)構(gou)成(cheng)主(zhu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)副(fu)階(jie)，中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)各(ge)(ge)辟圓(yuan)(yuan)拱(gong)門(men)(men)，單(dan)(dan)檐(yan)(yan)布瓦頂。主(zhu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)為(wei)(wei)(wei)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)雕砌的(de)仿木構(gou)建筑(zhu)，平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)呈(cheng)(cheng)八角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)，4層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)樓閣(ge)式，殘高(gao)33米(mi)。1層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)北(bei)壁(bi)開門(men)(men)，正(zheng)中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)條石踏垛登(deng)至(zhi)2層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)南門(men)(men)。檐(yan)(yan)下設斗，2層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)外為(wei)(wei)(wei)副(fu)階(jie)周匝(平(ping)(ping)(ping)座(zuo)(zuo))，每面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)三(san)開間(jian)(jian)(jian)，表(biao)(biao)現(xian)(xian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)式是當心(xin)間(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)方門(men)(men)，次間(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)方格(ge)或六(liu)(liu)棱格(ge)方欞(ling)窗，下有(you)(you)(you)地(di)，圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)礎(chu)，窗刻(ke)(ke)(ke)出障水版及柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)心(xin)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。檐(yan)(yan)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)承雙(shuang)杪五(wu)(wu)鋪(pu)(pu)作斗以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)托椽飛屋面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)心(xin)室(shi)頂部(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)十字形(xing)(xing)(xing)覆斗藻(zao)井。3層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)不(bu)設副(fu)階(jie)，由2層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)屋頂承托大瓣仰(yang)蓮八方形(xing)(xing)(xing)平(ping)(ping)(ping)座(zuo)(zuo)，塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)身(shen)驟小(xiao)(xiao)。八面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)八根角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，用(yong)(yong)地(di)及圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)礎(chu)，正(zheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)青石砌方門(men)(men)，余者皆設假門(men)(men)和斜(xie)(xie)方格(ge)欞(ling)條坎窗。柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)上亦為(wei)(wei)(wei)雙(shuang)杪五(wu)(wu)鋪(pu)(pu)作斗，各(ge)(ge)鋪(pu)(pu)作均(jun)(jun)出60°斜(xie)(xie)，1～3層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)只(zhi)用(yong)(yong)闌(lan)額一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)身(shen)上接八面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)八角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)錐(zhui)體(ti)，刻(ke)(ke)(ke)塑出虎、獅(shi)、象、龍(long)和佛(fo)(fo)(fo)、菩薩(sa)等形(xing)(xing)(xing)象。其(qi)(qi)做(zuo)法是先用(yong)(yong)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)砌出內胎，略(lve)加刻(ke)(ke)(ke)制(zhi)，然后在外面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)泥(ni)土精心(xin)塑制(zhi)。頂層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)陡(dou)峻(jun)的(de)八角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)攢尖，檐(yan)(yan)下在闌(lan)額之(zhi)(zhi)上用(yong)(yong)普柏(bo)枋，枋至(zhi)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)出頭相交(jiao)，所(suo)用(yong)(yong)斜(xie)(xie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)45°，頭做(zuo)成(cheng)順間(jian)(jian)(jian)斜(xie)(xie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。剎殘，現(xian)(xian)存(cun)八瓣仰(yang)蓮座(zuo)(zuo)。3層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)心(xin)室(shi)北(bei)壁(bi)前并列2尊石雕釋(shi)迦多(duo)寶佛(fo)(fo)(fo)像，佛(fo)(fo)(fo)座(zuo)(zuo)上枋刻(ke)(ke)(ke)有(you)(you)(you)貞觀二年為(wei)(wei)(wei)太宗(zong)皇(huang)帝壽(shou)誕造像的(de)題記。3層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)南門(men)(men)邊框上保存(cun)著唐代線刻(ke)(ke)(ke)云紋，表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)留有(you)(you)(you)宋代游人的(de)題刻(ke)(ke)(ke)等。