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臨淄齊國故城
0 票數:0 #古城址#
臨淄齊國故城是中國西周至戰國齊國都城遺址。在山東省淄博市臨淄區齊都鎮(舊臨淄縣城)的西、北面,東臨淄河,西依古系水。總面積達20余平方公里。是國務院1961年公布的全國文物保護單位。臨淄齊國古城是春秋戰國時期齊國的都城,是列國中較為繁華的都城之一,也是當時候東方重要的政治、經濟、文化中心。
  • 所在地/隸屬: 山東省淄博市(shi)臨(lin)淄區齊都(dou)鎮(zhen)
  • 文物保護單位: 國家第一批(周)
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臨(lin)淄(zi)(zi)(zi)齊國(guo)故城是中國(guo)西周至戰國(guo)齊國(guo)都城遺址(zhi)。在山東(dong)(dong)省淄(zi)(zi)(zi)博市臨(lin)淄(zi)(zi)(zi)區(qu)齊都鎮(舊臨(lin)淄(zi)(zi)(zi)縣城)的(de)西、北面(mian),東(dong)(dong)臨(lin)淄(zi)(zi)(zi)河(he),西依(yi)古系(xi)水。總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)達20余平(ping)方公里。

臨淄齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)古城(cheng)是春秋戰國(guo)(guo)時期齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)的(de)都城(cheng),是列(lie)國(guo)(guo)中(zhong)最為(wei)繁華(hua)的(de)都城(cheng)之一,也(ye)是當時候東(dong)方(fang)重要的(de)政治、經濟、文(wen)化中(zhong)心。根據《史(shi)記(ji)(ji).齊(qi)(qi)(qi)太公世(shi)家(jia)》的(de)記(ji)(ji)載,周夷王十一年(nian)(nian)(公元前(qian)859年(nian)(nian))齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)第七世(shi)國(guo)(guo)君(jun)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)獻公開始(shi)以(yi)臨淄為(wei)都城(cheng),到秦(qin)始(shi)皇二十六年(nian)(nian)(公元前(qian)221年(nian)(nian))秦(qin)滅(mie)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)止,先(xian)后作為(wei)姜齊(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)田齊(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)國(guo)(guo)都長達630余年(nian)(nian)。

歷史沿革

周武王滅商(shang)后,封(feng)姜尚(shang)長子丁公(gong)(gong)(gong)于齊(qi)(qi)(qi),建都(dou)營(ying)丘(qiu)(qiu)(一說營(ying)丘(qiu)(qiu)即臨(lin)淄(zi)),后六(liu)世胡公(gong)(gong)(gong)遷都(dou)于薄(bo)姑(今山(shan)(shan)東(dong)博興)。獻(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元前(qian)859年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))遷都(dou)臨(lin)淄(zi),至秦始皇二十六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元前(qian)221年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)亡(wang)。秦代為齊(qi)(qi)(qi)郡治所。西漢(han)前(qian)期和(he)(he)東(dong)漢(han)為諸侯國(guo)(guo)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)都(dou)城。臨(lin)淄(zi)作為齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)都(dou)城達(da)600多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),是(shi)戰國(guo)(guo)時期規模較大(da)的城市之(zhi)一。民(min)(min)國(guo)(guo)十四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1926年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))日本人曾作調查。中華(hua)人民(min)(min)共和(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)建立后,山(shan)(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)文物(wu)管(guan)理處(chu)多次進行(xing)調查,1958年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)山(shan)(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)文物(wu)干部訓練班對(dui)遺(yi)址(zhi)進行(xing)鉆探和(he)(he)發掘(jue)(jue),1964年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)~1966年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)山(shan)(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)文物(wu)管(guan)理處(chu)與北京大(da)學等單位,對(dui)遺(yi)址(zhi)進行(xing)全面的鉆探和(he)(he)試(shi)掘(jue)(jue),1971年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)和(he)(he)1976年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)山(shan)(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)文物(wu)管(guan)理處(chu)再次進行(xing)發掘(jue)(jue)。1961年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)中華(hua)人民(min)(min)共和(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)布(bu)為全國(guo)(guo)文物(wu)保護單位。

遺址遺存

遺址布局

齊國故城(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)括(kuo)大(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)和小城(cheng)(cheng)兩(liang)部分,小城(cheng)(cheng)在大(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)西(xi)南(nan)(nan)方,兩(liang)城(cheng)(cheng)相連接(jie)。大(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)(nan)北4.5公(gong)里(li)(li),東(dong)西(xi)3.5公(gong)里(li)(li)余,是(shi)官吏、平(ping)民及商人居住的(de)郭城(cheng)(cheng);小城(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)(nan)北2公(gong)里(li)(li),東(dong)西(xi)1.5公(gong)里(li)(li),是(shi)國君居住的(de)宮(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)。兩(liang)城(cheng)(cheng)面積15.5平(ping)方公(gong)里(li)(li)。

故城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻殘垣(yuan)尚存,夯(hang)筑痕跡(ji)依稀可辨(bian),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門十三座。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內道(dao)路縱橫(heng),多與(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門相通。現已(yi)探明主要(yao)交通干道(dao)十條,小城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內三條,大城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內七條。道(dao)旁居(ju)住、作坊(fang)遺址遍(bian)布。東周墓殉馬坑、齊故城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)排水(shui)道(dao)口、孔子聞韶處(chu)(chu)、桓公(gong)臺等十幾處(chu)(chu)文物景點已(yi)向(xiang)游人開放。

齊城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)由(you)大(da)(da)、小(xiao)(xiao)兩(liang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)組成。大(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為郭(guo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),平面(mian)呈長(chang)方(fang)形,南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)最(zui)(zui)長(chang)處4.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),東(dong)西(xi)最(zui)(zui)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)處近4公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),周長(chang)14公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)余(yu)。東(dong)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)因臨(lin)河修筑(zhu),多(duo)曲折。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)用(yong)夾板夯筑(zhu),從東(dong)周至漢(han)代經多(duo)次增筑(zhu)和修補,基(ji)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)20~30米(mi)(mi)(mi),最(zui)(zui)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)達43米(mi)(mi)(mi)。地(di)面(mian)保(bao)存最(zui)(zui)高(gao)處達 5米(mi)(mi)(mi)以上(shang)。早期(qi)夯層(ceng)較薄,多(duo)小(xiao)(xiao)杵夯 ,晚期(qi)夯層(ceng)厚,多(duo)平夯。已探(tan)出城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men) 6座(zuo)(zuo),東(dong)西(xi)面(mian)各1座(zuo)(zuo),南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)面(mian)各2座(zuo)(zuo),門(men)(men)(men)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)10米(mi)(mi)(mi)左右(you)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內已探(tan)出 7條(tiao)主(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu),大(da)(da)多(duo)與(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)連(lian)接(jie),有(you)的(de)(de)貫穿全城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),路(lu)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan) 6米(mi)(mi)(mi)以上(shang),其(qi)中兩(liang)條(tiao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)主(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)達20米(mi)(mi)(mi)。這(zhe)些道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu)多(duo)十字交叉,把城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內劃(hua)分(fen)為若干(gan)街區。小(xiao)(xiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為宮城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),在(zai)大(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)西(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)方(fang),東(dong)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)嵌入大(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)長(chang) 2.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),東(dong)西(xi)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan) 1.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),周長(chang)7公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)余(yu)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)基(ji)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)20~30米(mi)(mi)(mi),最(zui)(zui)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)處達60余(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。有(you)5座(zuo)(zuo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men),東(dong)、西(xi)、北(bei)(bei)面(mian)各1座(zuo)(zuo),南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)面(mian)2 座(zuo)(zuo)。東(dong)、北(bei)(bei)門(men)(men)(men)通向(xiang)大(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),門(men)(men)(men)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)外(wai)口(kou)兩(liang)側(ce)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)皆向(xiang)外(wai)凸出。探(tan)出的(de)(de) 3條(tiao)主(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu)分(fen)別(bie)與(yu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)門(men)(men)(men)、西(xi)門(men)(men)(men)和北(bei)(bei)門(men)(men)(men)連(lian)接(jie),路(lu)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan) 8~17米(mi)(mi)(mi)。沿(yan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)內側(ce)還有(you)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan) 6米(mi)(mi)(mi)左右(you)的(de)(de)“環(huan)涂(tu)”。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內有(you)排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)明渠。大(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)部(bu)有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)條(tiao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)干(gan)渠,南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)與(yu)小(xiao)(xiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)角(jiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕相(xiang)接(jie),北(bei)(bei)部(bu)分(fen)為 2支(zhi),一(yi)(yi)(yi)支(zhi)出北(bei)(bei)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)注入北(bei)(bei)護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河,一(yi)(yi)(yi)支(zhi)向(xiang)西(xi)北(bei)(bei)出西(xi)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)注入系(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。東(dong)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)也有(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)渠分(fen)別(bie)注入北(bei)(bei)護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河和淄河。小(xiao)(xiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)有(you)曲尺形水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)渠,經宮殿區穿西(xi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)注入系(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。在(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)處均有(you)自然(ran)石疊砌(qi)的(de)(de)排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)口(kou),已發掘的(de)(de)西(xi)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)口(kou)東(dong)西(xi)長(chang)16.7米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)約7~8米(mi)(mi)(mi),高(gao)約 3米(mi)(mi)(mi)。有(you)3層(ceng)流水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)孔(kong),每層(ceng)5孔(kong),各層(ceng)孔(kong)互相(xiang)錯列。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)孔(kong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)高(gao)50厘米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)40厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)左右(you)。排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)口(kou)及(ji)東(dong)西(xi)進出水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)兩(liang)壁均用(yong)石塊壘砌(qi),底鋪(pu)石塊。

墓葬特點

大(da)(da)城內發(fa)現兩處(chu)(chu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)地(di),一(yi)(yi)處(chu)(chu)在城東北(bei)部河崖頭、東古城一(yi)(yi)帶,已(yi) 探出大(da)(da)中型墓(mu)(mu)(mu)20余座,有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)口(kou)面積40米(mi)見方,有(you)(you)南(nan)北(bei)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)道。在其中 1座甲字(zi)型大(da)(da)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)東、西、北(bei)三面發(fa)現有(you)(you)殉馬坑(keng),據已(yi)發(fa)掘(jue)部分推(tui)算(suan),共殉馬 600余匹(pi)。這一(yi)(yi)帶墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)中出土的(de)(de)(de)(de)隨葬(zang)(zang)(zang)品中有(you)(you)不(bu)少精美的(de)(de)(de)(de)青銅器,均屬西周和春秋時期,當(dang)是(shi)姜(jiang)齊(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)公墓(mu)(mu)(mu)地(di)。另一(yi)(yi)處(chu)(chu)在大(da)(da)城南(nan)部劉家寨、邰院一(yi)(yi)帶,這里(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)都是(shi)積石、積蛤殼的(de)(de)(de)(de)中型墓(mu)(mu)(mu)。城南(nan)一(yi)(yi)帶有(you)(you)多(duo)處(chu)(chu)東周墓(mu)(mu)(mu)地(di)。在南(nan)城外約0.5公里(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)郎(lang)家莊發(fa)掘(jue)一(yi)(yi)座戰(zhan)國早(zao)期人(ren)殉墓(mu)(mu)(mu),槨室(shi)周圍埋有(you)(you)17個(ge)女性殉葬(zang)(zang)(zang)人(ren),年齡最小的(de)(de)(de)(de)15歲(sui),皆有(you)(you)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)坑(keng)和棺槨,陪葬(zang)(zang)(zang)者均有(you)(you)豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)(de)隨葬(zang)(zang)(zang)品。臨(lin)淄故城南(nan)10公里(li)(li)左右的(de)(de)(de)(de)牛山一(yi)(yi)帶,今猶存高大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)封土堆(dui)10余座,有(you)(you)稱“四王(wang)(wang)冢”、“二王(wang)(wang)冢”,當(dang)為田齊(qi)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)王(wang)(wang)陵。

遺跡分布

宮(gong)殿區在小(xiao)城西(xi)北部(bu),地(di)下分布有大(da)面積的(de)夯土(tu)基址。其中(zhong)(zhong)心建筑為(wei)(wei)一(yi)高(gao)14米(mi)、南北長(chang)86米(mi)、東西(xi)寬70米(mi)的(de)夯土(tu)臺(tai)(tai)基,俗稱桓(huan)公臺(tai)(tai),頂部(bu)分為(wei)(wei) 3層(ceng)。臺(tai)(tai)東北發掘了1處(chu)宮(gong)室建筑遺址。建筑分為(wei)(wei)2層(ceng),上層(ceng)屬西(xi)漢時期(qi)(qi),下層(ceng)為(wei)(wei)東周(zhou)時期(qi)(qi)。小(xiao)城東北部(bu)有一(yi)較(jiao)小(xiao)夯筑臺(tai)(tai)基,四(si)周(zhou)以自然石甃砌,與桓(huan)公臺(tai)(tai)遙相呼應,周(zhou)圍地(di)勢(shi)低洼,當是臺(tai)(tai)榭別館遺跡(ji)。小(xiao)城西(xi)門(men)外有泉,古有中(zhong)(zhong)池,是齊國的(de)苑囿(you)。現存高(gao)臺(tai)(tai)基址“歇馬(ma)臺(tai)(tai)”可能是《左傳》中(zhong)(zhong)提到的(de)“遄(chuan)臺(tai)(tai)”遺跡(ji)。西(xi)北約10公里有“梧臺(tai)(tai)”,高(gao)28米(mi),上部(bu)有花紋鋪地(di)磚、陶排(pai)水管(guan)等遺跡(ji),當是齊的(de)別館離(li)宮(gong)遺跡(ji)。

大城中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)偏西和南部(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)大片戰國、漢(han)代(dai)冶鐵遺址,東(dong)北(bei)部(bu)(bu)和北(bei)部(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)東(dong)周(zhou)與漢(han)代(dai)制骨遺址,中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)闞(kan)家莊東(dong)南有(you)(you)漢(han)代(dai)冶銅、鑄(zhu)錢遺址,中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)偏南劉家寨周(zhou)圍(wei)有(you)(you)大型(xing)夯土建筑基址。小城南部(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)煉鐵、冶銅和鑄(zhu)錢遺址。

大(da)量的手工業作坊遺(yi)址(zhi),就分(fen)(fen)布在(zai)這些文化堆(dui)積之(zhi)中。今已發現冶鐵遺(yi)址(zhi)六處、煉銅遺(yi)址(zhi)兩處、鑄錢遺(yi)址(zhi)兩處,制骨(gu)遺(yi)址(zhi)四處。分(fen)(fen)述于(yu)下:

冶鐵遺址

臨(lin)淄(zi)(zi)是(shi)冶鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)中心之(zhi)一(yi),冶鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)遺址數量(liang)多(duo),面積(ji)(ji)大;出(chu)土(tu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)器(qi)數量(liang)多(duo),種類齊全(quan),足可(ke)以證明(ming)當(dang)時(shi)臨(lin)淄(zi)(zi)冶鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)業(ye)的(de)繁盛(sheng)。目前臨(lin)淄(zi)(zi)齊故城勘探發現六處冶鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)遺址,其中兩處面積(ji)(ji)達40萬(wan)平方米(mi),這在全(quan)國是(shi)罕見的(de);另外臨(lin)淄(zi)(zi)商王(wang)墓地三(san)座墓中出(chu)土(tu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)器(qi)103件(jian),臨(lin)淄(zi)(zi)窩托齊王(wang)墓五個陪葬坑,出(chu)土(tu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)器(qi)約401件(jian),均是(shi)周至漢墓葬中早期(qi)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)器(qi)出(chu)土(tu)量(liang)較大的(de)。

小城西(xi)部冶(ye)鐵(tie)遺址:在小城西(xi)門東(dong)(dong)北(bei)200米(mi)(mi)處。范圍(wei)南北(bei)約150米(mi)(mi)、東(dong)(dong)西(xi)約100米(mi)(mi),屬(shu)下層堆積(這一帶有兩層堆積,厚二(er)米(mi)(mi)左右)。周圍(wei)有許多(duo)夯(hang)土遺存,其間并有10米(mi)(mi)寬的道路通(tong)向西(xi)門。

小(xiao)城東(dong)(dong)部(bu)冶(ye)鐵(tie)遺址:位于今臨淄(zi)城關(guan)面粉廠(chang)北400米處,西(xi)距(ju)辛(辛店(dian))、東(dong)(dong)(東(dong)(dong)營)公路約(yue)100米。范圍南北約(yue)70米、東(dong)(dong)西(xi)約(yue)60米。經鉆探(tan)(tan)得(de)知,屬第二層堆積(這里(li)一般有三(san)層堆積,厚(hou)二米左右),曾有探(tan)(tan)孔在鐵(tie)渣之(zhi)下的路土中(zhong)瓷(ci)片,可能是一晚期的冶(ye)鐵(tie)遺址。

大(da)城西部冶(ye)鐵遺址:在大(da)城南(nan)北河道以(yi)西,石佛堂(tang)村及(ji)村南(nan)一帶,范圍約四至五萬平方(fang)米(mi)(mi),屬第三層(ceng)堆積(ji)(這一帶有三層(ceng)堆積(ji),厚二米(mi)(mi)下下),應是一東周晚(wan)期的煉鐵遺址。

大城中部偏西(xi)的冶鐵遺址:在南北(bei)河道(dao)以(yi)東,位(wei)于付家廟(miao)村(cun)西(xi)和西(xi)南一帶,面積(ji)(ji)約四(si)十(shi)萬平方米,屬下(xia)層(ceng)堆積(ji)(ji)(這一帶一般有兩(liang)層(ceng)堆積(ji)(ji),厚一米至二米)。

大城南(nan)(nan)(nan)部冶(ye)鐵(tie)(tie)遺(yi)址:位于小城東門以(yi)東,韶(shao)院村西(xi),劉(liu)家寨村南(nan)(nan)(nan)的(de)大片地區都有冶(ye)鐵(tie)(tie)遺(yi)跡(ji)存在(zai)(zai),但中心地區似在(zai)(zai)大城南(nan)(nan)(nan)墻西(xi)門以(yi)內(nei),大道的(de)兩側,面(mian)積(ji)約四(si)十萬平方米(mi),屬于二(er)、三層堆(dui)積(ji)(這一帶一般(ban)有三個地層堆(dui)積(ji),厚(hou)二(er)至三米(mi)以(yi)上(shang))。這是(shi)(shi)六處(chu)(chu)冶(ye)鐵(tie)(tie)遺(yi)跡(ji)中規模大,遺(yi)跡(ji)最(zui)豐富的(de)一處(chu)(chu)。在(zai)(zai)遺(yi)址內(nei),特別是(shi)(shi)它的(de)北部一喧有許多(duo)夯土(tu)基址,曾在(zai)(zai)此發現過漢“齊鐵(tie)(tie)官丞”,“齊采(cai)鐵(tie)(tie)印”等封(feng)泥,當是(shi)(shi)漢代的(de)“鐵(tie)(tie)官”所(suo)在(zai)(zai)。

大城東(dong)(dong)北部冶(ye)(ye)鐵遺址:在闞家(jia)(jia)寨(zhai)村(cun)的東(dong)(dong)南和村(cun)北,崔家(jia)(jia)莊的東(dong)(dong)北和村(cun)北,河(he)崖頭村(cun)西等大片地(di)(di)區都有冶(ye)(ye)鐵遺跡(ji)存在,分布較(jiao)廣(guang),但不(bu)集中。遺跡(ji)較(jiao)豐富處在崔家(jia)(jia)莊東(dong)(dong)北至村(cun)西北一帶,面(mian)積約30,000—40,000平方米(mi),這一帶地(di)(di)層堆(dui)積厚,離地(di)(di)一般都在三(san)以上,有三(san)層堆(dui)積,冶(ye)(ye)鐵遺跡(ji)屬(shu)第二層,當屬(shu)東(dong)(dong)周(zhou)時期。

煉銅遺址

小(xiao)城南部(bu)煉(lian)銅遺址:分兩片(pian),一片(pian)是在(zai)小(xiao)徐村北(bei),其(qi)范圍東西約(yue)80米(mi),南北(bei)100余米(mi),屬(shu)下層(ceng)(ceng)文化(hua)堆積(這(zhe)一帶地層(ceng)(ceng)堆積三米(mi)左右,共兩層(ceng)(ceng));另一片(pian)位于西關石(shi)羊村北(bei)頭,其(qi)范圍東西約(yue)150米(mi),南北(bei)100米(mi),層(ceng)(ceng)位與前者相同。皆(jie)屬(shu)東周(zhou)時期。

大(da)城東(dong)北(bei)部(bu)煉銅(tong)遺址:位于闞家寨東(dong)南及東(dong)北(bei)方向的“韓信嶺(ling)”一(yi)帶,探知(zhi)這一(yi)帶地(di)層(ceng)(ceng)堆積有四(si)層(ceng)(ceng),銅(tong)渣、爐(lu)渣、燒土等發(fa)現于二至三層(ceng)(ceng)之間,第三層(ceng)(ceng)是灰(hui)綠(lv)土,質堅實,從試掘中知(zhi)是春秋(qiu)前期(qi)的地(di)層(ceng)(ceng)。

鑄錢遺址

臨(lin)(lin)淄(zi)作為(wei)(wei)周代(dai)(dai)齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)都(dou)(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)和(he)漢代(dai)(dai)齊(qi)郡(jun)郡(jun)治及齊(qi)王國(guo)(guo)(guo)都(dou)(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)所在地,不僅是(shi)春秋戰國(guo)(guo)(guo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)東(dong)方(fang)工(gong)商業大都(dou)(dou)市,而且在漢代(dai)(dai)工(gong)商業依然高(gao)度發達,直到新(xin)莽(mang)(mang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)仍是(shi)全國(guo)(guo)(guo)五大工(gong)商業都(dou)(dou)市之一,因此,臨(lin)(lin)淄(zi)齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)故(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi)遺(yi)留有豐富的(de)東(dong)周秦漢時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)的(de)手(shou)工(gong)業遺(yi)存。20世紀50年代(dai)(dai)以來,臨(lin)(lin)淄(zi)齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)故(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi)中(zhong)東(dong)周秦漢時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)的(de)錢(qian)范多有發現,為(wei)(wei)研(yan)(yan)究當時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)錢(qian)幣(bi)鑄造業提供(gong)了(le)實物證據,而新(xin)莽(mang)(mang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)大布黃千銅錢(qian)范的(de)發現,更(geng)為(wei)(wei)研(yan)(yan)究新(xin)莽(mang)(mang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)臨(lin)(lin)淄(zi)(新(xin)莽(mang)(mang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)臨(lin)(lin)淄(zi)曾(ceng)更(geng)名(ming)曰“齊(qi)陵(ling)”)的(de)錢(qian)幣(bi)鑄造業提供(gong)了(le)珍貴的(de)實物資料。

大(da)布黃千銅錢范,1984年出土于臨(lin)淄齊國(guo)(guo)故城的大(da)城北部,現收(shou)藏于齊國(guo)(guo)故城遺(yi)址博物館。錢范共(gong)2件,館藏編號(hao)分別為P30018和(he)P30019,均為銅質錢范模。

錢(qian)范(fan)(fan)P30018,整器呈圓角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)方形(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)淺盤狀,有(you)邊框,寬(kuan)沿外折。范(fan)(fan)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)正(zheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)邊長(chang)為(wei)(wei)8.1×8.2厘(li)(li)米(mi),折沿最寬(kuan)處為(wei)(wei)0.4厘(li)(li)米(mi),最窄處為(wei)(wei)0.3厘(li)(li)米(mi)。范(fan)(fan)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)正(zheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)盤中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)有(you)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)凸起(qi)的(de)(de)圓柱(zhu)形(xing)(xing)澆道(dao)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo),直徑0.8厘(li)(li)米(mi),有(you)一(yi)(yi)條中(zhong)(zhong)線縱向穿過圓柱(zhu)形(xing)(xing)澆道(dao)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)并將(jiang)范(fan)(fan)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)均(jun)分為(wei)(wei)左(zuo)右(you)兩部分,應為(wei)(wei)制作母范(fan)(fan)時的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)線。范(fan)(fan)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)內左(zuo)右(you)各(ge)設有(you)布(bu)形(xing)(xing)錢(qian)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)一(yi)(yi)枚,一(yi)(yi)正(zheng)一(yi)(yi)反(fan),右(you)側(ce)為(wei)(wei)正(zheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)錢(qian)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo),左(zuo)側(ce)為(wei)(wei)反(fan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)錢(qian)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo),正(zheng)、反(fan)錢(qian)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)線的(de)(de)上部有(you)一(yi)(yi)圓穿模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo),正(zheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)錢(qian)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)凸起(qi)“大布(bu)黃千”的(de)(de)陽文(wen)。正(zheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)錢(qian)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)上、下(xia)和右(you)側(ce)各(ge)有(you)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)三(san)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)(xing)凸起(qi)作為(wei)(wei)榫(sun)釘,反(fan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)錢(qian)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)上、下(xia)和左(zuo)側(ce)各(ge)有(you)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)凹下(xia)的(de)(de)三(san)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)(xing)卯(mao)孔。范(fan)(fan)模(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)背面(mian)(mian)(mian)也呈圓角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)方形(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)淺盤狀,邊長(chang)為(wei)(wei)7.1×7.9厘(li)(li)米(mi),盤底鑄有(you)陽文(wen)“大出一(yi)(yi)”字樣。

錢范P30019,整器形制、結(jie)構均與錢范P30018相同,但范模(mo)(mo)正面邊(bian)框的邊(bian)長為(wei)8.7×9.2厘(li)米(mi),折沿(yan)最寬(kuan)處(chu)(chu)為(wei)0.8厘(li)米(mi),最窄(zhai)處(chu)(chu)為(wei)0.4厘(li)米(mi)。背(bei)面邊(bian)長為(wei)8.1×8.1厘(li)米(mi)。其他不同之(zhi)處(chu)(chu)在(zai)于:淺盤狀(zhuang)范模(mo)(mo)內的大(da)布黃千錢模(mo)(mo),左(zuo)側(ce)為(wei)正面錢模(mo)(mo),右(you)側(ce)為(wei)反面錢模(mo)(mo);右(you)側(ce)有3個凸起(qi)的三(san)角形榫(sun)釘,左(zuo)側(ce)有3個凹(ao)下的三(san)角形卯孔;范模(mo)(mo)背(bei)面的陽文為(wei)“大(da)山一(yi)”。

這兩(liang)件(jian)銅質(zhi)(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)模(mo)(mo)可(ke)各自單獨使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong),用(yong)(yong)(yong)以翻制泥質(zhi)(zhi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)模(mo)(mo)正(zheng)面(mian)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)模(mo)(mo)四周凹(ao)凸(tu)的(de)榫(sun)卯結構(gou),在翻制泥質(zhi)(zhi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)的(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)在鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)上(shang)形成的(de)凸(tu)起和(he)凹(ao)下的(de)榫(sun)卯,用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)的(de)合(he)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)定位。用(yong)(yong)(yong)這種(zhong)(zhong)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)模(mo)(mo)翻制出的(de)泥質(zhi)(zhi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)片(pian),背面(mian)平整;正(zheng)面(mian)有凹(ao)下的(de)大(da)布黃(huang)千的(de)型腔,中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)有圓形穿孔作(zuo)為(wei)澆道(dao),四周的(de)三角(jiao)形凹(ao)凸(tu)作(zuo)為(wei)合(he)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)時的(de)定位。同一(yi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)模(mo)(mo)翻制出的(de)兩(liang)件(jian)泥鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)片(pian)正(zheng)面(mian)相合(he),構(gou)成一(yi)盒鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),可(ke)同時鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造2枚錢(qian)(qian)(qian)幣。若干盒泥鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)豎向層(ceng)層(ceng)壘疊(die)在一(yi)起,構(gou)成一(yi)組疊(die)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan),澆鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)一(yi)次可(ke)同時鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)出錢(qian)(qian)(qian)幣數(shu)枚乃(nai)至數(shu)十(shi)枚。立式疊(die)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)法(fa)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)工(gong)(gong)藝作(zuo)為(wei)西漢時期出現,新莽時期流行開來的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)幣鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造工(gong)(gong)藝,是(shi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)工(gong)(gong)藝技術的(de)一(yi)大(da)進步。疊(die)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)藝中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)泥鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)雖然一(yi)般只能使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)次即被毀(hui)棄,但疊(die)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)的(de)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)模(mo)(mo)是(shi)銅質(zhi)(zhi)的(de),可(ke)以反復(fu)多次使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong),用(yong)(yong)(yong)以翻制大(da)量的(de)泥質(zhi)(zhi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)片(pian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)澆鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)銅錢(qian)(qian)(qian)。這不僅提高了(le)生產效率,而且(qie)還(huan)保證了(le)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)幣形制及重量的(de)一(yi)致性。

據《漢書·食貨(huo)(huo)志》載,大(da)布黃千(qian)是王莽(mang)(mang)在始建國(guo)二(er)年(公元10年)進行第三次貨(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)改制(zhi)中新(xin)鑄(zhu)行的(de)(de)(de)貨(huo)(huo)幣(bi)(bi)之一,“大(da)布,長二(er)寸(cun)四分,重一兩,而值千(qian)錢矣。”新(xin)莽(mang)(mang)時期的(de)(de)(de)大(da)布黃千(qian)銅(tong)錢,在各地多有(you)(you)發現(xian),但是,大(da)布黃千(qian)錢范(fan)卻少有(you)(you)發現(xian)。因(yin)此(ci),臨淄齊(qi)故城大(da)布黃千(qian)銅(tong)范(fan)模的(de)(de)(de)發現(xian),對于研究新(xin)莽(mang)(mang)時期的(de)(de)(de)錢幣(bi)(bi)鑄(zhu)造工藝(yi)和錢幣(bi)(bi)鑄(zhu)造業無疑具有(you)(you)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)學術價值。

齊刀(dao)幣鑄(zhu)(zhu)址:位(wei)于小(xiao)城南(nan)(nan)(nan)部居(ju)中(zhong)安合村南(nan)(nan)(nan),靠近城墻(qiang)。其(qi)范圍自安河(he)村南(nan)(nan)(nan)東(dong)西路起(qi),向北200米,村南(nan)(nan)(nan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)北路向東(dong)向西各(ge)100米。上層已受到嚴重(zhong)擾亂,曾出(chu)土過“齊法化”刀(dao)幣和(he)鑄(zhu)(zhu)范。

西漢(han)“半兩”錢鑄址:位于(yu)闞家寨村(cun)南(nan)一帶,村(cun)南(nan)的(de)東部和(he)西部都有成批 “半兩錢范”出(chu)土(tu),耕土(tu)層下即鑄錢遺(yi)跡。其(qi)范圍闞家寨村(cun)南(nan)南(nan)北(bei)中(zhong)心路向西180米,向東250米,南(nan)起變(bian)壓器向北(bei)250米。在這片范圍內,亦間有居住區、冶鐵、煉銅遺(yi)址。

制骨遺址

故城內(nei)制骨作(zuo)坊遺跡范圍(wei)較(jiao)廣,主要在大城東北部和北部,比較(jiao)集(ji)中(zhong)的(de)有四處地方,即(ji)崔(cui)家莊東北;河崖頭村(cun)西南部;東古城村(cun)以南;田家莊東北。這里的(de)遺物十分(fen)豐富(fu),不僅出土過刀(dao)石砥礪,而且(qie)殘(can)骨余(yu)料遍地皆是(shi)。

城內出土了大批陶器(qi)、瓦(wa)(wa)、瓦(wa)(wa)當和(he)錢(qian)范(fan)等。陶器(qi)中高圈足簋、豆、盂等類器(qi)較(jiao)多,陶鬲(li)有(you)繩(sheng)紋鬲(li)和(he)素面鬲(li)兩(liang)大類,繩(sheng)紋鬲(li)又有(you)周(zhou)式鬲(li)和(he)齊(qi)式鬲(li)兩(liang)種,一(yi)直延續到戰(zhan)國(guo)時期。東周(zhou)陶器(qi)行戳印的陶文,內容多屬作器(qi)者居地和(he)人名。瓦(wa)(wa)當多素面,少數飾樹(shu)木雙獸、雙目和(he)樹(shu)木卷草紋,偶見“天齊(qi)”瓦(wa)(wa)當和(he)卷云紋、獸面紋瓦(wa)(wa)當。戰(zhan)國(guo)時期多半瓦(wa)(wa)當,漢代(dai)多圓瓦(wa)(wa)當。錢(qian)范(fan)有(you)戰(zhan)國(guo)“齊(qi)法化”陶范(fan)和(he)西漢“半兩(liang)”、“五銖”石范(fan)。遺(yi)物反映(ying)的文化特(te)征與燕(yan)、趙比(bi)較(jiao)接近。

手工作坊遺址

故城內,發現了(le)冶鐵(tie)、煉銅(tong)、鑄錢、鑄鏡(jing)(jing)和制(zhi)骨(gu)等多種手工作坊(fang)遺址(zhi)多處(chu),其中,冶鐵(tie)遺址(zhi)6處(chu),煉銅(tong)遺址(zhi)2處(chu),鑄錢遺址(zhi)2處(chu),鑄鏡(jing)(jing)遺址(zhi)2處(chu),制(zhi)骨(gu)作坊(fang)遺址(zhi)4處(chu)。另外,大城還有多處(chu)陶(tao)窯(yao)遺址(zhi)。

齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)故(gu)(gu)城保(bao)(bao)存(cun)完整,地上(shang)地下(xia)文(wen)物(wu)古跡十分豐富、在中國(guo)(guo)文(wen)化(hua)史(shi)上(shang)占據著重要地位。1961年3月(yue)4日(ri),故(gu)(gu)城被(bei)國(guo)(guo)務院公(gong)布(bu)為全國(guo)(guo)文(wen)物(wu)保(bao)(bao)護單(dan)位;1994年1月(yue)4日(ri),被(bei)國(guo)(guo)務院公(gong)布(bu)為“國(guo)(guo)家(jia)歷史(shi)文(wen)化(hua)名(ming)城”。 2005年,臨(lin)淄齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)故(gu)(gu)城列入(ru)“十一五”中央政府(fu)引(yin)導的大遺址保(bao)(bao)護項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu);2006年12月(yue)15日(ri),臨(lin)淄齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)故(gu)(gu)都與齊(qi)王陵進入(ru)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)文(wen)物(wu)局(ju)公(gong)布(bu)的《中國(guo)(guo)世(shi)界文(wen)化(hua)遺產預(yu)備名(ming)單(dan)》,列第17位,是山(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)入(ru)選的單(dan)列項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)。

排水系統

齊(qi)故城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)利用淄(zi)河(he)和(he)系(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)作東西兩面的(de)(de)自然護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河(he)。筑(zhu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之時(shi),又在大(da)(da)(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南北(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)外挖筑(zhu)了(le)(le)(le)人工護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕(hao)溝(gou)6140米(mi)(mi);小(xiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)東、北(bei)、南和(he)西墻(qiang)(qiang)南段(接(jie)系(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)),挖筑(zhu)了(le)(le)(le)人工護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕(hao)溝(gou)5780米(mi)(mi),與淄(zi)河(he)、系(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)相連(lian)通,使城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)四面環水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池俱備,構成了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)個完整(zheng)的(de)(de)護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、排(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)網。筑(zhu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)時(shi)在城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)下(xia)設(she)置了(le)(le)(le)精(jing)巧而科(ke)學的(de)(de)排(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)道(dao)口(kou)(kou)。齊(qi)故城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)、小(xiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設(she)有三大(da)(da)(da)(da)排(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong),四個排(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)道(dao)口(kou)(kou)。1號排(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong),位于小(xiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西北(bei)宮殿區,南起桓公(gong)臺的(de)(de)東南,通過桓公(gong)臺的(de)(de)東部(bu)和(he)北(bei)部(bu),向(xiang)西穿(chuan)過西墻(qiang)(qiang)下(xia)的(de)(de)①號排(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)道(dao)口(kou)(kou)注入系(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),全長(chang)700米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)20米(mi)(mi)。2號排(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong),位于大(da)(da)(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西北(bei)部(bu),由一(yi)(yi)條(tiao)南北(bei)向(xiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溝(gou)和(he)一(yi)(yi)條(tiao)東南西北(bei)向(xiang)排(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)道(dao)組成,南起小(xiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東北(bei)角(jiao),順(shun)南高北(bei)低的(de)(de)地勢直(zhi)通大(da)(da)(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)墻(qiang)(qiang)西部(bu)的(de)(de)②號排(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)口(kou)(kou)注入北(bei)墻(qiang)(qiang)外護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕(hao),全長(chang)2800米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)30米(mi)(mi),深3米(mi)(mi)左右(you)。東西向(xiang)排(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溝(gou)是在這條(tiao)南北(bei)排(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溝(gou)的(de)(de)北(bei)段向(xiang)西北(bei)分出一(yi)(yi)支流,流向(xiang)西北(bei)通過大(da)(da)(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西墻(qiang)(qiang)北(bei)部(bu)的(de)(de)③號排(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)道(dao)口(kou)(kou)流入系(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),長(chang)1000米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)20米(mi)(mi)左右(you)。這一(yi)(yi)排(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)承擔(dan)著大(da)(da)(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內絕(jue)大(da)(da)(da)(da)部(bu)分的(de)(de)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)積水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)排(pai)(pai)(pai)泄。3號排(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong),位于大(da)(da)(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東北(bei)部(bu),長(chang)約800米(mi)(mi),起點不明,止于大(da)(da)(da)(da)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東墻(qiang)(qiang)北(bei)段的(de)(de)④號排(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)道(dao)口(kou)(kou),流入淄(zi)河(he)。

1979年,文物考古部門對③號排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)道(dao)口進(jin)行了(le)發(fa)掘清理。發(fa)現此段(duan)城墻(qiang)墻(qiang)基寬40米(mi)(mi),排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)道(dao)口建在(zai)城墻(qiang)下,排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)道(dao)口呈東西向,用(yong)自然(ran)青石壘砌構筑,總長42米(mi)(mi),寬7至10.5米(mi)(mi)左右。由進(jin)水(shui)(shui)道(dao)、過(guo)(guo)水(shui)(shui)道(dao)、出水(shui)(shui)道(dao)三部分(fen)構成。過(guo)(guo)水(shui)(shui)道(dao)用(yong)石塊構筑出15個(ge)方(fang)形小過(guo)(guo)水(shui)(shui)孔,水(shui)(shui)孔分(fen)上、中、下三層,每層5孔,水(shui)(shui)經石隙而過(guo)(guo),人卻不(bu)能通過(guo)(guo),既能排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)又能御敵,建造十分(fen)科學。

交通干道

故城(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)、小(xiao)城(cheng)內(nei)(nei)發現(xian)10條(tiao)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)道(dao)(dao)(dao),其(qi)中小(xiao)城(cheng)內(nei)(nei)有3條(tiao),大(da)(da)(da)城(cheng)內(nei)(nei)有7條(tiao)。小(xiao)城(cheng)內(nei)(nei)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)道(dao)(dao)(dao):東(dong)(dong)(dong)側(ce)門(men)大(da)(da)(da)道(dao)(dao)(dao),現(xian)保存(cun)約1200米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)門(men)大(da)(da)(da)道(dao)(dao)(dao),長(chang)(chang)(chang)約650米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、寬17米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)門(men)大(da)(da)(da)道(dao)(dao)(dao),南(nan)(nan)(nan)伸尚存(cun)1430米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬6至(zhi)(zhi)8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。大(da)(da)(da)城(cheng)內(nei)(nei)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)道(dao)(dao)(dao):東(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)道(dao)(dao)(dao),自(zi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)墻(qiang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)門(men)通向東(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei),全(quan)長(chang)(chang)(chang)3300余米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);中部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)道(dao)(dao)(dao),全(quan)長(chang)(chang)(chang)4400米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)道(dao)(dao)(dao),自(zi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)門(men)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)行(xing)偏西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei),直(zhi)至(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)墻(qiang),長(chang)(chang)(chang)約3600米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬15米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右(you);北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)墻(qiang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)門(men)大(da)(da)(da)道(dao)(dao)(dao),南(nan)(nan)(nan)伸,與(yu)(yu)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)相接,現(xian)存(cun)650米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)多;中部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)道(dao)(dao)(dao),長(chang)(chang)(chang)2500多米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬17米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右(you);西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)門(men)大(da)(da)(da)道(dao)(dao)(dao),東(dong)(dong)(dong)伸約1000米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)至(zhi)(zhi)20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。此外,在(zai)離南(nan)(nan)(nan)墻(qiang)200至(zhi)(zhi)300米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處有一(yi)條(tiao)與(yu)(yu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)墻(qiang)平行(xing)的(de)(de)道(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu),長(chang)(chang)(chang)約1900米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬4至(zhi)(zhi)6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)墻(qiang)附(fu)近與(yu)(yu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)墻(qiang)平行(xing)的(de)(de)南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)道(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu),南(nan)(nan)(nan)通小(xiao)城(cheng)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)門(men),寬4至(zhi)(zhi)6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。除后兩條(tiao)和小(xiao)城(cheng)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)門(men)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)可能是(shi)晚期(qi)的(de)(de)道(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu)外,其(qi)余均為(wei)故城(cheng)早期(qi)的(de)(de)主要交通干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)。大(da)(da)(da)城(cheng)的(de)(de)兩條(tiao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)道(dao)(dao)(dao)與(yu)(yu)兩條(tiao)東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)大(da)(da)(da)道(dao)(dao)(dao)在(zai)東(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)相交叉,形(xing)成(cheng)一(yi)“井”字(zi)形(xing),這一(yi)帶應是(shi)都城(cheng)中最繁華(hua)的(de)(de)市井中心(xin)。

文物價值

臨(lin)淄齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)故(gu)城(cheng)有規(gui)模龐(pang)大、保(bao)存(cun)完整(zheng)的(de)城(cheng)建(jian)設施(shi)、宮(gong)殿建(jian)筑遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、手工(gong)業作坊遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和墓(mu)葬區,這(zhe)在其他先(xian)秦(qin)王都(dou)遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中極為罕見。臨(lin)淄齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)故(gu)城(cheng)遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)規(gui)模龐(pang)大,都(dou)城(cheng)各(ge)功能分區均保(bao)存(cun)完整(zheng),雖歷經三(san)千多年風雨,仍可(ke)清晰的(de)窺(kui)其“海內(nei)名都(dou)”的(de)風采(cai)。在眾(zhong)多的(de)先(xian)秦(qin)國(guo)都(dou)遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中,臨(lin)淄齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)故(gu)城(cheng)遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)保(bao)存(cun)較(jiao)完整(zheng)的(de)遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)一。 

遺址保護

1964~1966年,省文物(wu)部門對齊故城(cheng)進行了(le)普探(tan)和(he)試掘,劃出保(bao)護范圍(wei)和(he)一般保(bao)護范圍(wei),樹立了(le)標志,組(zu)織起(qi)群眾性的保(bao)護網。

1975年建(jian)立臨(lin)淄區文物保管(guan)所,1981年建(jian)立臨(lin)淄區文物管(guan)理委員會。

1981~1983年,對“桓公臺”、小城北墻遺(yi)跡、“晏嬰冢(zhong)”、大城西墻排(pai)水道(dao)口、殉馬坑以(yi)及(ji)城外的“三(san)士冢(zhong)”遺(yi)跡和墓葬(zang)進行維護,樹(shu)立了(le)標志(zhi)說明。

齊國故城遺址博物館

齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址博(bo)(bo)物(wu)(wu)館(guan)位(wei)于齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)宮(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址東部(bu),于1984年建立(li)。是(shi)以(yi)(yi)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)與小城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)相互(hu)銜接的(de)特殊形(xing)制作(zuo)外形(xing),青磚砌(qi)壘(lei),形(xing)似古代(dai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)堡(bao)。總建筑面積2600平方米,頂高15米,四(si)周有宮(gong)殿(dian)建筑遺(yi)址桓(huan)公臺、齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻遺(yi)址、排水道(dao)口(kou)、東周墓(mu)殉馬坑、孔子聞韶處、晏(yan)嬰墓(mu)、三(san)士冢、稷下學宮(gong)、營丘故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)等(deng)眾多(duo)遺(yi)址。齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址博(bo)(bo)物(wu)(wu)館(guan)的(de)基本陳(chen)列(lie)是(shi)《齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)陳(chen)列(lie)》。該(gai)陳(chen)列(lie)1997年完成,陳(chen)列(lie)面積1500平方米。內(nei)分(fen)14個展(zhan)(zhan)廳,有序廳、龍山廳、西周廳、春秋廳、韶樂廳、武威廳、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)郭廳、科技廳、秦(qin)漢廳等(deng)15個展(zhan)(zhan)廳,展(zhan)(zhan)柜21個,壁龕6個,異型展(zhan)(zhan)柜2個,展(zhan)(zhan)出(chu)先齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)至秦(qin)漢時期重要(yao)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)308件(jian)(套(tao)),復(fu)制文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)35件(jian)(套(tao)),圖表13塊,壁畫12幅(fu),照(zhao)片50張,歷(li)史(shi)(shi)名(ming)人(ren)雕(diao)塑(su)8個。通過(guo)300多(duo)件(jian)珍貴文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)和大量的(de)文(wen)(wen)獻資料、模型、沙盤、雕(diao)塑(su)、照(zhao)片、圖表等(deng),全面介紹了齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)政治、經濟、文(wen)(wen)化、藝術、科技、軍事(shi)和禮俗,記述了齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)產(chan)生、發展(zhan)(zhan)、興盛(sheng)、衰亡史(shi)(shi);反映了齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)化在(zai)華夏文(wen)(wen)化中所占的(de)重要(yao)地位(wei)。內(nei)部(bu)裝飾(shi)古樸(pu)、典雅(ya),與齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)十分(fen)吻合(he)、協調。在(zai)內(nei)容和形(xing)式設計上可以(yi)(yi)使人(ren)們在(zai)輕松歡悅(yue)的(de)氣氛下了解(jie)歷(li)史(shi)(shi),增長知識,接受教育(yu),受到啟迪。

臨淄齊國故城考古遺址公園

2015年臨(lin)淄(zi)齊國(guo)故城(cheng)考古遺址公(gong)園正(zheng)式開建,曲阜三(san)孔古建筑工程管理處(chu)作為施工單位、山東海(hai)岱文化遺產保護咨(zi)詢服務中心作為監理單位已進駐東周殉馬坑保護展示工程現場,臨(lin)淄(zi)齊國(guo)故城(cheng)考古遺址公(gong)園正(zheng)式開工建設(she)。

據(ju)了(le)解,齊國(guo)故城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)考古(gu)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)公園建設(she)(she)主要包括考古(gu)勘探、環境整(zheng)治、保(bao)護展(zhan)(zhan)示(shi)(shi)(shi)、展(zhan)(zhan)示(shi)(shi)(shi)道路建設(she)(she)、遺(yi)(yi)產價(jia)值(zhi)闡(chan)釋(shi)、游客服(fu)務設(she)(she)施、植物(wu)配(pei)置工程(cheng)、基礎設(she)(she)施工程(cheng)等(deng)內容。主要有以桓公臺(tai)為(wei)核心(xin)的(de)宮殿(dian)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)、以大小城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)交界處(chu)為(wei)中(zhong)心(xin)的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)、以冶煉(lian)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)為(wei)中(zhong)心(xin)的(de)手工業作坊遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)、大城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東墻(qiang)及淄(zi)河(he)、排(pai)水道口(kou)、殉馬(ma)坑、孔子聞(wen)韶(shao)處(chu)、晏嬰墓、游客中(zhong)心(xin)等(deng)保(bao)護展(zhan)(zhan)示(shi)(shi)(shi)服(fu)務區。考古(gu)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)公園建設(she)(she)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)由(you)國(guo)家專(zhuan)項(xiang)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)和地方(fang)配(pei)套資(zi)(zi)金(jin)解決。自(zi)2013年至今已爭取國(guo)家專(zhuan)項(xiang)資(zi)(zi)金(jin)7914萬(wan)元(yuan)(yuan),區財政配(pei)套2600萬(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)。在(zai)實施東周殉馬(ma)坑、大城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東墻(qiang)排(pai)水道保(bao)護展(zhan)(zhan)示(shi)(shi)(shi)工程(cheng)的(de)同時,臨(lin)淄(zi)區文物(wu)管理局積極儲備(bei)了(le)后續項(xiang)目,啟動了(le)冶鑄遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)、宮殿(dian)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)、小城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)、淄(zi)河(he)店(dian)二號墓保(bao)護展(zhan)(zhan)示(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)案及施工圖(tu)設(she)(she)計(ji),遄臺(tai)、三(san)士冢、大城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東墻(qiang)展(zhan)(zhan)示(shi)(shi)(shi)及環境整(zheng)治立項(xiang)報告(gao)已報國(guo)家文物(wu)局。

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