簡介
發掘單位(wei):山東省文物考古(gu)研(yan)究(jiu)所
發掘領隊:鄭同修
時代:西晉
2003年5月(yue)初,山(shan)東省臨沂(yi)市(shi)在市(shi)區王羲之故居(ju)公園擴建工程施工中,發現兩座(zuo)較大的磚室(shi)墓葬(zang)。隨即,山(shan)東省文(wen)物考古研(yan)究所和臨沂(yi)市(shi)文(wen)化局聯合組成考古隊進(jin)行了搶救(jiu)發掘,取得了重要成果。
墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬位于臨沂市市區洗硯池(chi)街北側、王羲之(zhi)故居公園東(dong)北部(bu)。兩座(zuo)(zuo)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬東(dong)西相距(ju)30余(yu)米,除墓(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)為(wei)石制之(zhi)外,其余(yu)均為(wei)磚筑。其中(zhong)1號(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)為(wei)雙室(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬,為(wei)山(shan)東(dong)已發(fa)(fa)掘(jue)漢晉(jin)大(da)中(zhong)型(xing)磚室(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)中(zhong)保(bao)存最完整的一座(zuo)(zuo),也是山(shan)東(dong)已發(fa)(fa)掘(jue)大(da)中(zhong)型(xing)磚室(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬中(zhong)惟(wei)一一座(zuo)(zuo)未被(bei)盜掘(jue)的墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬,出(chu)土(tu)了豐富精(jing)美的隨(sui)葬品。
出土文物
墓(mu)(mu)葬出土隨葬品(pin)(pin)十(shi)(shi)分豐富,有(you)(you)(you)銅(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、瓷器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、陶器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、漆(qi)(qi)(qi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、鐵器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、金器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)及(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)它(ta)質料的(de)(de)隨葬品(pin)(pin)250余(yu)(yu)件(套)。其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)瓷器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)主(zhu)要為(wei)南方風格的(de)(de)青(qing)瓷,器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)形(xing)有(you)(you)(you)盤口壺、雞首壺、罐、缽(bo)、水注、燭臺(tai)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。陶器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)盤、釉陶瓶等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)類(lei),其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)盤多(duo)(duo)為(wei)漆(qi)(qi)(qi)衣陶。銅(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)熏爐(lu)、鼎、魁、斗(dou)、熨斗(dou)、燈、碗(wan)、弩(nu)機(ji)、帶鉤等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。金器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)主(zhu)要為(wei)裝飾品(pin)(pin),有(you)(you)(you)手鐲、釵、簪(zan)、鈴(ling)、串珠(zhu)、牌飾、指環等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。鐵器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)刀、燈、鏡諸類(lei)。墓(mu)(mu)葬隨葬漆(qi)(qi)(qi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)數量也很多(duo)(duo),但多(duo)(duo)腐(fu)朽(xiu)嚴(yan)重,可辨(bian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)形(xing)有(you)(you)(you)奩(lian)、壺、耳杯、盤、勺等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)類(lei)。在(zai)出土隨葬品(pin)(pin)當中(zhong),尤以青(qing)瓷胡(hu)人騎獸(shou)燭臺(tai)、青(qing)銅(tong)人物(wu)騎獸(shou)燭臺(tai)、鳳鳥形(xing)銅(tong)熏爐(lu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)物(wu)造型優美,保(bao)存十(shi)(shi)分完整(zheng);銅(tong)弩(nu)機(ji)上刻有(you)(you)(you)"正始二年(nian)(nian)五月十(shi)(shi)日左尚(shang)方造..."等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)30余(yu)(yu)字銘文;部分漆(qi)(qi)(qi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)底部有(you)(you)(you)清晰的(de)(de)朱書文字,記載明確的(de)(de)年(nian)(nian)號,內容有(you)(you)(you)"太康(kang)(kang)七(qi)年(nian)(nian)"、"太康(kang)(kang)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)"和"十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)"三個(ge)年(nian)(nian)號以及(ji)(ji)"王女"、"李平"、"李次"、"官"等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)文字。
2號墓(mu)葬(zang)為單磚(zhuan)室(shi)墓(mu),主墓(mu)室(shi)前有寬大的(de)甬道(dao),是山東已(yi)發(fa)掘磚(zhuan)室(shi)墓(mu)中規(gui)模最大的(de)單室(shi)墓(mu)葬(zang),雖然(ran)經過兩次盜掘,但墓(mu)室(shi)結構保存依然(ran)完整,殘存各(ge)類文物20余件。
墓葬結構
從兩座(zuo)墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)的形制結(jie)構、隨葬(zang)(zang)品(pin)的器物(wu)組合特點和紀年(nian)(nian)資(zi)料初步判斷,墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)的年(nian)(nian)代應(ying)屬西晉時(shi)期。1號墓(mu)(mu)完整地(di)反映(ying)了當(dang)時(shi)的葬(zang)(zang)制葬(zang)(zang)俗。同一(yi)墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)埋葬(zang)(zang)3個(ge)未成年(nian)(nian)人,是(shi)考古發掘(jue)中(zhong)極為罕(han)見(jian)的現(xian)象。出(chu)土隨葬(zang)(zang)品(pin)豐富(fu)而(er)精美,為山東晉代墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)中(zhong)所(suo)僅見(jian)。2號墓(mu)(mu)雖(sui)然被(bei)盜,但規模更大(da),墓(mu)(mu)室結(jie)構完整,與1號墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)相(xiang)距不遠,時(shi)代相(xiang)近(jin)。兩座(zuo)墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)規模較大(da)、構筑(zhu)方式考究、出(chu)土文物(wu)豐富(fu)精美,墓(mu)(mu)主應(ying)具有(you)較強的經濟實力或一(yi)定(ding)的政(zheng)治勢力,應(ying)與當(dang)時(shi)的名門望族或達官貴(gui)族有(you)一(yi)定(ding)關系。
對研究當時葬制葬俗有重要意義
臨沂洗硯池二(er)號晉墓規(gui)模宏大
《光(guang)明日報(bao)》消息:本報(bao)6月6日報(bao)道(dao)(dao)(dao)的臨(lin)沂洗硯(yan)池晉墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)挖掘(jue),得到社會的廣泛關注,經過考古工作(zuo)者的努力,日前又發掘(jue)出(chu)二(er)號(hao)(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。一(yi)、二(er)號(hao)(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)出(chu)土(tu)文物近日在臨(lin)沂展出(chu)。 二(er)號(hao)(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)東(dong)距一(yi)號(hao)(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)36米(mi)(mi)(mi),墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)頂(ding)距現地(di)表(biao)1米(mi)(mi)(mi)左右,封土(tu)夯筑(zhu)。門(men)(men)南向,墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)前有墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道(dao)(dao)(dao),上口(kou)寬(kuan)(kuan)5.56米(mi)(mi)(mi)、殘(can)(can)深4.1米(mi)(mi)(mi)、底寬(kuan)(kuan)3米(mi)(mi)(mi)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)近處的墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)上口(kou)有一(yi)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)鋪平面(mian)遺跡(ji)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)結(jie)構為磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)券單(dan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),雙(shuang)層券頂(ding)由甬(yong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)和主室(shi)(shi)(shi)兩(liang)(liang)部(bu)分(fen)構成,甬(yong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)門(men)(men)前兩(liang)(liang)側有門(men)(men)垛(duo)。南北通長(chang)13米(mi)(mi)(mi)、東(dong)西寬(kuan)(kuan)7米(mi)(mi)(mi)、高(gao)(gao)4.42米(mi)(mi)(mi)。主室(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)長(chang)6.64米(mi)(mi)(mi)、內(nei)(nei)(nei)寬(kuan)(kuan)4.1米(mi)(mi)(mi)、內(nei)(nei)(nei)高(gao)(gao)2.78米(mi)(mi)(mi),甬(yong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)內(nei)(nei)(nei)長(chang)2.94米(mi)(mi)(mi)、內(nei)(nei)(nei)寬(kuan)(kuan)2.9米(mi)(mi)(mi)、內(nei)(nei)(nei)高(gao)(gao)2.8米(mi)(mi)(mi),門(men)(men)垛(duo)南北長(chang)1.2米(mi)(mi)(mi),高(gao)(gao)3.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)。主室(shi)(shi)(shi)與甬(yong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)均(jun)有石(shi)(shi)框雙(shuang)扇石(shi)(shi)門(men)(men),可自由開合,石(shi)(shi)門(men)(men)西扇鑿有條狀把手。石(shi)(shi)門(men)(men)兩(liang)(liang)側各(ge)有一(yi)掖門(men)(men),以平磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)封堵。甬(yong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)門(men)(men)外(wai)砌封門(men)(men)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)內(nei)(nei)(nei)地(di)面(mian)鋪雙(shuang)層磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan),亦呈弧面(mian)隆(long)起(qi)。有兩(liang)(liang)處盜洞分(fen)別(bie)從甬(yong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)門(men)(men)與東(dong)南角進入室(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)。 二(er)號(hao)(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)建筑(zhu)規(gui)模宏大(da),保存(cun)完整(zheng),是山東(dong)省(sheng)漢晉磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)砌單(dan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)中所(suo)罕見。根據(ju)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)結(jie)構與出(chu)土(tu)文物的特(te)點(dian)等埋葬(zang)情(qing)況(kuang)綜合分(fen)析,考古專家認為,該墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)當(dang)為晉代夫(fu)妻合葬(zang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),與一(yi)號(hao)(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)主應(ying)屬同一(yi)家族,對于研(yan)究當(dang)時的葬(zang)制葬(zang)俗有著重要意義。二(er)號(hao)(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)因先(xian)后兩(liang)(liang)次被盜,墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)已被嚴重擾(rao)亂(luan),隨葬(zang)品所(suo)剩無幾。甬(yong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)內(nei)(nei)(nei)僅見一(yi)件(jian)陶燈,主室(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)有兩(liang)(liang)具(ju)(ju)棺木殘(can)(can)跡(ji),周圍散(san)落(luo)(luo)有鐵棺釘。兩(liang)(liang)具(ju)(ju)成人骨(gu)骼(ge)分(fen)別(bie)散(san)落(luo)(luo)于墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)西部(bu)。隨葬(zang)品僅見青銅器虎(hu)子(zi)、殘(can)(can)熨斗各(ge)1件(jian),鐵器殘(can)(can)鼎(ding)1件(jian)、鏡(jing)3件(jian),青瓷(ci)燈、罐、碗(wan)殘(can)(can)器各(ge)1件(jian),串(chuan)飾(shi)瑪(ma)瑙珠3枚、小珍珠一(yi)宗,另有棺飾(shi)小金釘24枚及小銀(yin)釘等。
洗硯池
洗硯(yan)池(chi)位于長葛老城(cheng)鎮內(nei)福泉井(jing)之旁,池(chi)呈長方形,長80米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)30米(mi)(mi),水(shui)深1-3米(mi)(mi)。池(chi)水(shui)呈墨青色,久(jiu)旱不涸,池(chi)邊有一高臺(tai)為鐘(zhong)繇(zhou)學書(shu)臺(tai),池(chi)前立有1920年《重修(xiu)洗硯(yan)池(chi)碑記(ji)》碑,高0.91米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)0.4米(mi)(mi), 碑文記(ji)述了(le)鐘(zhong)繇(zhou)的書(shu)法成(cheng)就及(ji)其學字精神,對重修(xiu)后的洗硯(yan)池(chi)景觀也作了(le)描繪。據傳(chuan)三國時期大(da)書(shu)法家鐘(zhong)繇(zhou)常邀胡昭字臺(tai)上練(lian)字,窮(qiong)究先師技法,久(jiu)而久(jiu)之寫禿的筆(bi)堆集如(ru)山,寫過的紙帛棄(qi)之成(cheng)垛。由于洗筆(bi)洗硯(yan),把滿(man)池(chi)的水(shui)都洗成(cheng)黑色了(le)。解放(fang)后,人民(min)政府曾對此進行了(le)修(xiu)復、保(bao)護。