尚莊(zhuang)遺址東(dong)距茌(chi)平區城2 公里,坐落在(zai)尚莊(zhuang)村(cun)村(cun)東(dong)河間臺地(di)上(shang),東(dong)西(xi)約(yue)300米(mi),南北約(yue)250米(mi),中心部位高出(chu)周(zhou)圍地(di)面約(yue)3米(mi),文化堆積2~3米(mi)。
1975年春當地農民(min)發(fa)現。1975年秋,省、地、縣文(wen)物工作者聯合進行發(fa)掘(jue),1976年春又進行第二次發(fa)掘(jue)。揭露面積共1125平方米,發(fa)掘(jue)大汶(wen)口文(wen)化墓葬17座,龍(long)山文(wen)化灰(hui)坑139個,灰(hui)溝(gou)1條,房(fang)址1座,出(chu)土遺物1360余件。另(ling)有少(shao)量周代、漢代灰(hui)坑和墓葬。
遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)堆(dui)積分為6層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng):第(di)(di)1層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)是近代(dai)擾層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),第(di)(di)2層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為漢代(dai)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),第(di)(di)3層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)是西周層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),第(di)(di)4層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)系龍山文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),第(di)(di)5層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)、第(di)(di)6層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為大(da)汶(wen)口(kou)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。尚莊遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)大(da)汶(wen)口(kou)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)遺(yi)(yi)存分布范圍(wei)較(jiao)廣,堆(dui)積較(jiao)厚。從其墓葬(zang)形制、結構、葬(zang)俗和隨葬(zang)器(qi)物(wu)組合、器(qi)物(wu)造型等方面看,其年代(dai)相(xiang)當于大(da)汶(wen)口(kou)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)中期。龍山文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)遺(yi)(yi)存的(de)(de)分布范圍(wei)也比(bi)較(jiao)廣泛,地層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)和灰坑中出土的(de)(de)遺(yi)(yi)物(wu)也較(jiao)豐富。其文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)面貌與(yu)城子崖類型的(de)(de)龍山文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)面貌比(bi)較(jiao)接(jie)近,但與(yu)河南龍山文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)也有相(xiang)似之處,這可能與(yu)尚莊所處的(de)(de)地理位置有關。
大汶口(kou)文(wen)化(hua)墓(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)為(wei)(wei)長方形土(tu)坑豎穴,少數有二層臺(tai)和原始木(mu)槨(guo)。葬(zang)(zang)(zang)式(shi)為(wei)(wei)仰身直(zhi)肢,頭(tou)東向,多為(wei)(wei)單人葬(zang)(zang)(zang),僅見1座成(cheng)年女性與兒童(tong)合葬(zang)(zang)(zang)墓(mu)。隨(sui)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)品(pin)多在8~22件之(zhi)間,有3座墓(mu)未見隨(sui)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)品(pin)。隨(sui)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)品(pin)種類主要為(wei)(wei)陶(tao)質生活(huo)用具和少量石、骨、 蚌(bang)器和裝飾品(pin),有隨(sui)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)獐牙和龜(gui)甲的習俗。年代約當大汶口(kou)文(wen)化(hua)中(zhong)期偏(pian)晚階段。
龍(long)山文化遺存分兩(liang)期(qi):早期(qi)灰(hui)坑多(duo)數為(wei)(wei)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),少數為(wei)(wei)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),坑壁較直,坑底(di)平坦;晚期(qi)灰(hui)坑有(you)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)、橢(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)不規則形(xing)(xing)(xing)等,均為(wei)(wei)鍋底(di)狀。灰(hui)溝(gou)(gou)和(he)房址(zhi)同屬晚期(qi)。灰(hui)溝(gou)(gou)呈長方形(xing)(xing)(xing),溝(gou)(gou)底(di)由北向南傾斜(xie),溝(gou)(gou)壁加工(gong)整齊,留有(you)木耒和(he)石(shi)斧加工(gong)痕(hen)跡。房址(zhi)呈圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),僅殘存居(ju)住面(mian),中(zhong)部(bu)微凹,門東向。地面(mian)用(yong)草(cao)抹泥(ni)鋪(pu)墊6層, 表面(mian)抹一層白灰(hui),平整光滑。從倒塌的草(cao)拌泥(ni)土塊分析,墻壁似(si)為(wei)(wei)土坯構筑。出土遺物(wu)以陶器、蚌器和(he)動物(wu)骨骼為(wei)(wei)多(duo),還(huan)有(you)一定數量的石(shi)、骨、角(jiao)器和(he)卜骨。卜骨5件皆為(wei)(wei)牛、羊肩胛骨制成,有(you)灼無鉆。
尚莊遺址(zhi)的(de)發掘(jue)填補(bu)了魯(lu)西地(di)區建國以來(lai)考古工作的(de)空白(bai),與魯(lu)東地(di)區的(de)龍山文化(hua)有(you)明顯區別,諸如白(bai)灰面的(de)房址(zhi),鬲、的(de)出現及陶器紋(wen)(wen)飾中方格紋(wen)(wen)、繩紋(wen)(wen)比例較大(da)等,與河(he)南龍山文化(hua)相(xiang)似,對于(yu)探討山東龍山文化(hua)的(de)分布、類型、分期及山東地(di)區與周邊地(di)區諸原始文化(hua)的(de)相(xiang)互關系(xi)有(you)重(zhong)要價(jia)值(zhi)。