永濟(ji)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)東(dong)西向,橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)長(chang)55米(mi),寬6.25米(mi),整座橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)非常(chang)雄偉壯(zhuang)麗,遠遠望去,好(hao)似橫(heng)臥在浪溪河(he)上的(de)(de)彩虹,因此古(gu)(gu)今馳名。永濟(ji)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)原名浪溪橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)。根據(ju)《泰安府志》的(de)(de)記載(zai),浪溪橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)應當(dang)修建于明弘治十三年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元1500年(nian)(nian))。當(dang)時(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)三孔(kong)石(shi)(shi)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao),后來因為(wei)(wei)(wei)發大水(shui)被沖壞。嘉靖三十三年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元1554年(nian)(nian))改(gai)建,“以木一(yi)空,高四丈”,更名“永濟(ji)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)”。隆慶(qing)三年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元1569年(nian)(nian))重修,橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)高稍減。歷經(jing)重建,至(zhi)清道光三年(nian)(nian)(1823年(nian)(nian))改(gai)建為(wei)(wei)(wei)1孔(kong)石(shi)(shi)拱(gong)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao),長(chang)98米(mi),寬7米(mi)。橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)欄上有(you)立(li)雕坐(zuo)獅8對,神態(tai)各異。1980年(nian)(nian)定為(wei)(wei)(wei)省級重點文物(wu)保護單(dan)(dan)位。坐(zuo)落(luo)在平(ping)陰(yin)縣東(dong)阿鎮浪溪河(he)上,它是濟(ji)南市現存跨度最大的(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)石(shi)(shi)拱(gong)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao),山東(dong)省藝(yi)術價(jia)值(zhi)最大的(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)石(shi)(shi)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)之(zhi)一(yi),也是全國重點文物(wu)保護單(dan)(dan)位。
以“永濟(ji)”命名(ming)的古橋(qiao)在全(quan)國有(you)十(shi)余處(chu),山東(dong)就有(you)兩處(chu),濟(ji)南(nan)一處(chu)、平陰一處(chu)。現存永濟(ji)橋(qiao)為單(dan)孔拱形(xing)青(qing)石橋(qiao),是明萬歷年間所建,全(quan)部(bu)用(yong)當地(di)青(qing)石砌筑。由楔形(xing)青(qing)石砌成一大券(quan)拱,在拱額的中心,南(nan)面(mian)和北面(mian)分別雕有(you)一大型(xing)龍(long)(long)(long)頭(tou)。北面(mian)龍(long)(long)(long)頭(tou)嘴巴已殘,南(nan)面(mian)龍(long)(long)(long)頭(tou)則相對完整。龍(long)(long)(long)頭(tou)栩栩如生(sheng),獠牙膛(tang)目地(di)注視著河面(mian),據當地(di)人講(jiang),這兩個龍(long)(long)(long)頭(tou)有(you)“鎮水”的作用(yong)。
橋面(mian)(mian)十分(fen)平坦,也用大(da)型青石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)板鋪(pu)成,現在(zai),橋面(mian)(mian)青石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)板已被歲(sui)月磨(mo)得光滑照人。大(da)橋橋面(mian)(mian)的兩(liang)側各有對稱的石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)欄板15塊,石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)欄板上用淺(qian)浮雕手法雕刻精美的各種花(hua)卉圖(tu)案和幾何圖(tu)案。每塊石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)欄板下留(liu)有一(yi)對流(liu)水(shui)孔,這(zhe)樣可(ke)使橋上的積水(shui)能(neng)迅速流(liu)出,如遇洪水(shui)漫過橋面(mian)(mian),這(zhe)些流(liu)水(shui)孔可(ke)緩(huan)解洪水(shui)對石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橋的沖擊(ji)。
平陰縣的永濟橋位于東阿鎮老城,原名(ming)浪溪橋,橫跨于浪溪河上,明弘治十(shi)三(san)年建成(cheng)(cheng),建成(cheng)(cheng)時為(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)孔石(shi)拱橋,重建數次,至道光三(san)年時,改(gai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)孔石(shi)拱橋,長98米,款7米。橋面平坦,為(wei)(wei)(wei)青石(shi)板鋪(pu)成(cheng)(cheng),現在只有(you)橋中部有(you)保留(liu)。橋欄(lan)(lan)望柱有(you)石(shi)獅七對、石(shi)猴一(yi)對,神態各(ge)異,為(wei)(wei)(wei)明代(dai)石(shi)雕精品。橋兩側欄(lan)(lan)板十(shi)五塊,用淺浮雕的手(shou)法雕有(you)各(ge)種(zhong)圖(tu)案(an),每個欄(lan)(lan)板還(huan)有(you)排水(shui)孔。
橋(qiao)西有(you)文(wen)保碑一(yi),便知此橋(qiao)名“永濟(ji)”,為(wei)濟(ji)南境內現(xian)存跨度(du)最大的古石(shi)(shi)拱橋(qiao)。橋(qiao)上(shang)的望柱很(hen)有(you)意(yi)思,只有(you)中間的八對上(shang)是(shi)(shi)石(shi)(shi)獅和石(shi)(shi)猴(hou),兩邊的望柱上(shang)均(jun)為(wei)普通圓(yuan)形(xing)柱頭,這八對石(shi)(shi)獅或(huo)石(shi)(shi)猴(hou)雕刻之精湛,神態之優美(mei)一(yi)點也不比北京盧溝橋(qiao)上(shang)的獅子差,無(wu)非就是(shi)(shi)數量上(shang)少了(le)點罷了(le)。
與(yu)其說東阿(a)老城是(shi)個古鎮(zhen),我倒(dao)覺得與(yu)歷史(shi)悠久的農(nong)村無異(yi),但其保(bao)留的大量古跡(ji)實屬不易(yi),東阿(a)鎮(zhen)、景德鎮(zhen)、茅臺鎮(zhen)一起被國家(jia)命名為三大歷史(shi)特產名鎮(zhen),自春秋時期(qi)就(jiu)已見于(yu)史(shi)冊,歷代更有(you)很(hen)多在古城內發生的傳說,鎮(zhen)內不僅有(you)大量的阿(a)膠作(zuo)坊、阿(a)膠商人的宅院這(zhe)種與(yu)阿(a)膠有(you)關(guan)的建(jian)筑,還有(you)縣學、寺(si)廟等遺存(cun),最(zui)重(zhong)要的是(shi),這(zhe)些均是(shi)老房,這(zhe)是(shi)非常(chang)不易(yi)的。