永濟橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)為(wei)東(dong)(dong)西向,橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)長(chang)55米(mi)(mi),寬6.25米(mi)(mi),整座橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)非(fei)常雄偉壯麗(li),遠(yuan)遠(yuan)望去(qu),好似橫臥在浪溪(xi)(xi)河上(shang)的(de)(de)彩虹,因此古(gu)今馳名(ming)。永濟橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)原名(ming)浪溪(xi)(xi)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)。根(gen)據《泰安府志》的(de)(de)記(ji)載,浪溪(xi)(xi)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)應當(dang)修建(jian)(jian)于明(ming)弘治十(shi)三年(nian)(公(gong)元1500年(nian))。當(dang)時為(wei)三孔(kong)石(shi)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao),后來因為(wei)發(fa)大水(shui)被沖壞。嘉(jia)靖三十(shi)三年(nian)(公(gong)元1554年(nian))改(gai)建(jian)(jian),“以木一空,高(gao)四(si)丈”,更名(ming)“永濟橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)”。隆慶(qing)三年(nian)(公(gong)元1569年(nian))重(zhong)修,橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)高(gao)稍減。歷經重(zhong)建(jian)(jian),至清道光三年(nian)(1823年(nian))改(gai)建(jian)(jian)為(wei)1孔(kong)石(shi)拱(gong)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao),長(chang)98米(mi)(mi),寬7米(mi)(mi)。橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)欄上(shang)有立雕坐獅8對,神(shen)態各(ge)異。1980年(nian)定為(wei)省級(ji)重(zhong)點文(wen)物保護單位(wei)。坐落(luo)在平陰縣東(dong)(dong)阿鎮(zhen)浪溪(xi)(xi)河上(shang),它是(shi)濟南市(shi)現存跨度最大的(de)(de)古(gu)石(shi)拱(gong)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao),山東(dong)(dong)省藝(yi)術價值最大的(de)(de)古(gu)石(shi)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)之一,也是(shi)全國重(zhong)點文(wen)物保護單位(wei)。
以“永(yong)濟”命名的古橋(qiao)在全國有(you)十余處,山東就(jiu)有(you)兩處,濟南(nan)一(yi)(yi)處、平(ping)陰一(yi)(yi)處。現存永(yong)濟橋(qiao)為單孔(kong)拱形(xing)青石(shi)橋(qiao),是(shi)明萬歷年間(jian)所建,全部用(yong)(yong)當地(di)青石(shi)砌筑。由楔(xie)形(xing)青石(shi)砌成一(yi)(yi)大(da)券拱,在拱額(e)的中(zhong)心,南(nan)面和北(bei)面分別雕有(you)一(yi)(yi)大(da)型龍(long)(long)頭。北(bei)面龍(long)(long)頭嘴巴已殘,南(nan)面龍(long)(long)頭則相對完整。龍(long)(long)頭栩栩如生,獠牙(ya)膛目地(di)注視著河面,據當地(di)人講,這(zhe)兩個龍(long)(long)頭有(you)“鎮水”的作用(yong)(yong)。
橋(qiao)面十分(fen)平坦,也用大型青石(shi)板鋪成(cheng),現(xian)在,橋(qiao)面青石(shi)板已被歲(sui)月磨(mo)得(de)光滑(hua)照(zhao)人。大橋(qiao)橋(qiao)面的(de)兩側(ce)各(ge)有對稱的(de)石(shi)欄(lan)板15塊,石(shi)欄(lan)板上用淺(qian)浮雕(diao)手法雕(diao)刻精美(mei)的(de)各(ge)種花卉圖案和幾(ji)何圖案。每塊石(shi)欄(lan)板下留有一(yi)對流水孔(kong),這(zhe)樣可使橋(qiao)上的(de)積水能迅(xun)速(su)流出,如遇洪水漫過橋(qiao)面,這(zhe)些流水孔(kong)可緩解洪水對石(shi)橋(qiao)的(de)沖擊。
平陰縣的(de)永濟橋(qiao)(qiao)位于東阿(a)鎮老城,原名浪溪橋(qiao)(qiao),橫跨于浪溪河上,明(ming)弘治(zhi)十三年(nian)建(jian)成(cheng),建(jian)成(cheng)時(shi)為(wei)(wei)三孔(kong)石(shi)(shi)拱(gong)橋(qiao)(qiao),重建(jian)數次,至道(dao)光三年(nian)時(shi),改為(wei)(wei)一孔(kong)石(shi)(shi)拱(gong)橋(qiao)(qiao),長98米(mi),款(kuan)7米(mi)。橋(qiao)(qiao)面平坦(tan),為(wei)(wei)青(qing)石(shi)(shi)板鋪成(cheng),現在只有(you)橋(qiao)(qiao)中(zhong)部有(you)保(bao)留。橋(qiao)(qiao)欄望柱有(you)石(shi)(shi)獅(shi)七(qi)對、石(shi)(shi)猴一對,神態(tai)各異,為(wei)(wei)明(ming)代石(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao)精品(pin)。橋(qiao)(qiao)兩側欄板十五塊,用淺浮雕(diao)(diao)的(de)手(shou)法雕(diao)(diao)有(you)各種(zhong)圖案,每個欄板還有(you)排水孔(kong)。
橋(qiao)西(xi)有文保碑一,便知此橋(qiao)名“永濟”,為(wei)濟南境內現存跨度(du)最大的(de)古石(shi)(shi)(shi)拱(gong)橋(qiao)。橋(qiao)上(shang)的(de)望柱(zhu)很有意(yi)思,只有中間的(de)八(ba)對(dui)上(shang)是(shi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)獅和石(shi)(shi)(shi)猴,兩邊(bian)的(de)望柱(zhu)上(shang)均為(wei)普(pu)通圓形(xing)柱(zhu)頭(tou),這八(ba)對(dui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)獅或石(shi)(shi)(shi)猴雕(diao)刻之精(jing)湛(zhan),神態之優美一點也不(bu)比北京(jing)盧溝(gou)橋(qiao)上(shang)的(de)獅子(zi)差,無非(fei)就是(shi)數量(liang)上(shang)少了(le)點罷(ba)了(le)。
與其說東阿老城是(shi)個古鎮,我倒覺得與歷(li)史(shi)悠(you)久的(de)(de)農村無異(yi),但其保留的(de)(de)大(da)量(liang)(liang)古跡實屬不易,東阿鎮、景德(de)鎮、茅臺鎮一起被國家命名(ming)為三(san)大(da)歷(li)史(shi)特產名(ming)鎮,自春秋時期就已見于史(shi)冊,歷(li)代更有(you)很(hen)多在古城內(nei)發生的(de)(de)傳(chuan)說,鎮內(nei)不僅(jin)有(you)大(da)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)阿膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)作坊、阿膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)商人的(de)(de)宅院這種(zhong)與阿膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)有(you)關的(de)(de)建筑,還有(you)縣(xian)學、寺(si)廟等遺(yi)存,最重要的(de)(de)是(shi),這些均是(shi)老房,這是(shi)非(fei)常不易的(de)(de)。