芒果视频下载

簡介

塔(ta)里他里哈遺址(zhi)位于青(qing)海省海西蒙古(gu)族藏族自治州都蘭縣諾木(mu)洪鄉諾木(mu)洪農場二大(da)(da)隊三中隊駐(zhu)地南(nan)。遺址(zhi)面積約250×250米(mi),塔(ta)里他里哈蒙古(gu)語(yu)是火燒過的(de)(de)山或灰(hui)(hui)山之(zhi)意(yi),遺址(zhi)由三個小山包組成。1959年,青(qing)海省文物(wu)(wu)管(guan)理委員會及中國科學院考古(gu)研究所對遺址(zhi)進行了試(shi)掘。共發(fa)掘面積約260平方(fang)米(mi),清理土(tu)(tu)坯圍(wei)墻(qiang)一(yi)處、房屋(wu)(wu)8座(zuo)(zuo)、灰(hui)(hui)坑9個、圍(wei)攔1座(zuo)(zuo)、墓(mu)葬(zang)3座(zuo)(zuo)。出土(tu)(tu)遺物(wu)(wu)7000余(yu)件(包括陶(tao)片(pian))。遺址(zhi)文化堆積可分(fen)七層,七層中遺物(wu)(wu)基本差別不大(da)(da)。第三、四層中發(fa)現土(tu)(tu)坯圍(wei)墻(qiang),土(tu)(tu)坯圍(wei)墻(qiang)可分(fen)圓(yuan)形(xing)、橢圓(yuan)形(xing)兩種但(dan)都不太規整。土(tu)(tu)坯用(yong)(yong)(yong)黃土(tu)(tu)摻少量炭灰(hui)(hui)脫(tuo)模而(er)(er)成,多(duo)為(wei)長(chang)方(fang)形(xing),大(da)(da)體(ti)(ti)在38×48厘(li)米(mi)左(zuo)右。壘砌方(fang)法是平鋪錯縫,土(tu)(tu)坯與(yu)土(tu)(tu)坯之(zhi)間夾一(yi)層草(cao)葉泥。土(tu)(tu)坯圍(wei)墻(qiang)大(da)(da)部殘缺(que)不全,墻(qiang)底寬(kuan)146厘(li)米(mi),上(shang)寬(kuan)138厘(li)米(mi),殘高(gao)不足100厘(li)米(mi)。房屋(wu)(wu)分(fen)方(fang)形(xing)和圓(yuan)形(xing)兩種。地面式土(tu)(tu)木(mu)結構,房屋(wu)(wu)四壁豎立木(mu)柱(zhu),土(tu)(tu)坯砌筑墻(qiang)體(ti)(ti),留有門窗,屋(wu)(wu)內用(yong)(yong)(yong)黃土(tu)(tu)混細砂鋪墊,設有灶坑。圍(wei)欄系用(yong)(yong)(yong)樹枝及木(mu)樁排(pai)插而(er)(er)成,類似籬笆,呈不規則三角形(xing),長(chang)330厘(li)米(mi)、寬(kuan)處660厘(li)米(mi),圍(wei)欄內有大(da)(da)量的(de)(de)牲(sheng)(sheng)畜(chu)(chu)糞便,應為(wei)牲(sheng)(sheng)畜(chu)(chu)圈欄。墓(mu)葬(zang)三座(zuo)(zuo)都是土(tu)(tu)坑甕棺葬(zang),甕棺系用(yong)(yong)(yong)直口缸(gang)和大(da)(da)口罐對接(jie)組成,皆(jie)為(wei)兒童墓(mu),有的(de)(de)頭骨涂有紅色(se)粉末。

出土文物

出土遺物中,生產工具有銅器、骨器、石器、角器、陶器、木器。銅器有銅斧、銅刀、銅、銅鏃；石器有石斧、石(shi)鏃、石(shi)錛、石(shi)鑿、石(shi)刀(dao)、石(shi)杵(chu)、研磨(mo)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、石(shi)球(qiu)、石(shi)紡(fang)(fang)(fang)輪、礪石(shi)；骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)鏟(chan)、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)鑿、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)刀(dao)、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)針、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)鏃、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)椎(zhui)、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)紡(fang)(fang)(fang)輪；角(jiao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)角(jiao)鏟(chan)、槍形(xing)器(qi)(qi)(qi)；木(mu)(mu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)木(mu)(mu)紡(fang)(fang)(fang)輪、車轂(gu)；陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)紡(fang)(fang)(fang)輪、陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)球(qiu)等(deng)。這(zhe)些生產工具(ju)以兩側附(fu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)凹槽石(shi)斧,及(ji)用(yong)(yong)大牲畜肩胛骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)制成的(de)在骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)臼處帶有(you)(you)(you)(you)長方形(xing)銎(qiong)，可(ke)裝(zhuang)插木(mu)(mu)把的(de)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)鏟(chan)具(ju)特色。生活用(yong)(yong)具(ju)主要是(shi)陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)都是(shi)加砂陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao),有(you)(you)(you)(you)灰、紅兩類,以灰陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)較(jiao)多(duo)(duo)。制法主要用(yong)(yong)泥條盤(pan)筑(zhu)手(shou)制,小型器(qi)(qi)(qi)物(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)用(yong)(yong)手(shou)捏制而(er)成。陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)底部(bu)大都為套(tao)接,平底器(qi)(qi)(qi)多(duo)(duo)用(yong)(yong)于凹底或殘(can)圈足(zu)器(qi)(qi)(qi),器(qi)(qi)(qi)物(wu)表(biao)面(mian)多(duo)(duo)進行磨(mo)光,個別(bie)的(de)還(huan)加一層白色陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)衣(yi)。陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)除素面(mian)外,有(you)(you)(you)(you)彩繪、席紋、壓印紋、堆紋、錐(zhui)刺紋等(deng)裝(zhuang)飾,以壓印紋多(duo)(duo),未(wei)見繩紋。陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)形(xing)有(you)(you)(you)(you)大口罐(guan)、雙耳罐(guan)、單耳罐(guan)、無(wu)耳小罐(guan)、四耳罐(guan)、直(zhi)口缸、盆、附(fu)耳盆、四紐盆、碗、杯(bei)等(deng)。遺(yi)(yi) 址中(zhong)還(huan)出有(you)(you)(you)(you)較(jiao)多(duo)(duo)的(de)毛布、毛繩、毛帶以及(ji)石(shi)珠(zhu)、笛形(xing)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)哨、小陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)牦牛等(deng)。塔(ta)里(li)他里(li)哈遺(yi)(yi)址是(shi)諾(nuo)木(mu)(mu)洪文(wen)(wen)(wen)化命名地,也是(shi)諾(nuo)木(mu)(mu)洪文(wen)(wen)(wen)化具(ju)代表(biao)性的(de)遺(yi)(yi)址。其文(wen)(wen)(wen)化內涵除有(you)(you)(you)(you)自己(ji)的(de)獨(du)特個性外,諸多(duo)(duo)因素與(yu)卡(ka)約文(wen)(wen)(wen)化有(you)(you)(you)(you)關聯,如陶(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)制作方法與(yu)卡(ka)約文(wen)(wen)(wen)化相同,器(qi)(qi)(qi)形(xing)有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)也與(yu)卡(ka)約文(wen)(wen)(wen)化相似,遺(yi)(yi)址中(zhong)出的(de)五(wu)孔銅(tong)與(yu)湟(huang)中(zhong)縣潘家梁墓(mu)地出的(de)銅(tong)相比,除了少兩個孔外,形(xing)制幾(ji)乎(hu)無(wu)差別(bie)。諾(nuo)木(mu)(mu)洪遺(yi)(yi)址系省級文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護單位。