男(nan)女(nv)裸(luo)像(xiang)青銅(tong)短劍、狐尾(wei)形飾、鈴型器、狩獵紋銅(tong)環、銅(tong)刀、陶(tao)盆(pen)、陶(tao)鼎、陶(tao)碗、紅(hong)陶(tao)罐等物品(pin),其(qi)中男(nan)女(nv)裸(luo)像(xiang)青銅(tong)短劍的(de)出土在(zai)青銅(tong)劍中尚屬發(fa)現,而且(qie)迄今僅此(ci)一件,其(qi)稀(xi)貴(gui)自不待(dai)言(yan),同時也(ye)顯示此(ci)劍的(de)使(shi)用者具有特殊的(de)身份(fen)。
青銅短劍是我國古代流(liu)行北方地區(qu)的(de)(de)一種短兵器,考古發現頗(po)多,分布(bu)在南起(qi)河北望城,北達吉(ji)林懷德,東自遼東半島,西至內蒙(meng)古西部杭錦(jin)旗及(ji)山西保德的(de)(de)廣(guang)大范圍內,從 商代晚(wan)期(qi)出現直(zhi)到戰國中晚(wan)期(qi),是我國北方青銅文化的(de)(de)一種富有(you)地區(qu)特(te)點的(de)(de)遺物。
陰陽青銅短(duan)劍為(wei)春秋時期(qi)器物,通(tong)長(chang)32厘米,柄長(chang)10厘米,刃寬4.2厘米,1958年內蒙古(gu)(gu)赤(chi)峰市寧城縣(xian)南山根遺址(zhi)出土,內蒙古(gu)(gu)自治區(qu)博(bo)物館藏。短(duan)劍造型作(zuo)直柄曲刃,整體一次鑄成,劍身有脊,橫斷面(mian)(mian)(mian)呈八棱形,柄與劍身之間有半月形護手,柄扁圓,兩面(mian)(mian)(mian)各鑄裸(luo)體人像,一面(mian)(mian)(mian)為(wei)男,一面(mian)(mian)(mian)為(wei)女(nv),二(er)面(mian)(mian)(mian)相雷同。
青(qing)銅短劍(jian)(jian)(jian)形(xing)制多樣,有曲(qu)(qu)柄(bing)(bing)劍(jian)(jian)(jian),柳葉(xie)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)及曲(qu)(qu)刃劍(jian)(jian)(jian)三種(zhong)形(xing)制,以(yi)曲(qu)(qu)柄(bing)(bing)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)年代早,曲(qu)(qu)刃晚。劍(jian)(jian)(jian)柄(bing)(bing)是青(qing)銅短劍(jian)(jian)(jian)富(fu)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)的(de)部分,常(chang)見在(zai)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)柄(bing)(bing)上飾(shi)幾何紋(wen)、螺旋紋(wen)、羽狀紋(wen)、圓點(dian)方格(ge)紋(wen)、動(dong)(dong)物(wu)紋(wen)等。柄(bing)(bing)首則作獸(shou)頭形(xing)、鳥(niao)頭形(xing)、雙環形(xing)、蘑菇(gu)形(xing)等,劍(jian)(jian)(jian)柄(bing)(bing)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)以(yi)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)形(xing),體(ti)現了游牧民(min)族的(de)文化風(feng)格(ge),此(ci)件曲(qu)(qu)刃劍(jian)(jian)(jian)以(yi)裸體(ti)男女像作劍(jian)(jian)(jian)柄(bing)(bing)之裝(zhuang)飾(shi)顯得(de)特突出,在(zai)青(qing)銅劍(jian)(jian)(jian)中尚屬發現,而且迄今僅此(ci)一件,其稀貴自(zi)不(bu)待言,同時也顯示此(ci)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)使(shi)用者具有特殊的(de)身(shen)份。
夏(xia)家(jia)(jia)(jia)店(dian)(dian)下層(ceng)文(wen)化、夏(xia)家(jia)(jia)(jia)店(dian)(dian)上層(ceng)文(wen)化都因發現于(yu)松山區(qu)(qu)王家(jia)(jia)(jia)店(dian)(dian)鄉夏(xia)家(jia)(jia)(jia)店(dian)(dian)村而得名,為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)北(bei)方青銅文(wen)化。青銅時代在中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)主(zhu)要(yao)指夏(xia)、商、周至春秋時期。夏(xia)家(jia)(jia)(jia)店(dian)(dian)下層(ceng)文(wen)化距(ju)今4000年(nian)左右(you),為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)北(bei)方早(zao)期青銅文(wen)化,范圍以(yi)赤峰為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin),東至遼寧西(xi)(xi)部,南達京津(jin)地區(qu)(qu),西(xi)(xi)到張家(jia)(jia)(jia)口以(yi)東,北(bei)抵(di)西(xi)(xi)拉沐(mu)淪河流域,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)大量山城(cheng)遺(yi)址引人(ren)注(zhu)目。夏(xia)家(jia)(jia)(jia)店(dian)(dian)下層(ceng)文(wen)化的(de)經濟結構以(yi)農(nong)業為(wei)主(zhu),兼畜牧業和(he)狩(shou)獵。主(zhu)要(yao)農(nong)業作物為(wei)粟(su)和(he)稷,其(qi)農(nong)業文(wen)明不晚于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)原地區(qu)(qu)。出土的(de)彩(cai)繪(hui)陶(tao)器(qi)系(xi)用紅白兩彩(cai)在烘(hong)制后(hou)的(de)陶(tao)器(qi)上繪(hui)有(you)饕餮紋(wen)、云雷紋(wen)、蟠螭紋(wen)、龜蛇紋(wen)等(deng)圖案,與(yu)商周時期青銅器(qi)同等(deng)重要(yao)。
夏(xia)家店上(shang)層(ceng)文(wen)化(hua)屬晚期青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)文(wen)化(hua),距今3000年左右,分布(bu)范圍北(bei)至查干沐(mu)淪河(he)、烏爾吉沐(mu)淪河(he)流域,東南(nan)到凌河(he)上(shang)游,東北(bei)至敖(ao)來河(he)、孟克河(he),西南(nan)達承(cheng)德地區,以西拉(la)沐(mu)淪河(he)和老哈河(he)流域密集,系中(zhong)(zhong)華民族影響較(jiao)大(da)的北(bei)方(fang)少數民族東胡(hu)族所(suo)創造,被史學界稱為“東胡(hu)文(wen)化(hua)”。先后出土了多為本(ben)土鑄造的大(da)量青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)器,融中(zhong)(zhong)原和漠(mo)北(bei)青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)文(wen)化(hua)于(yu)一體,與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)原同期青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)文(wen)明互相(xiang)影響、互見短(duan)長,工藝精湛,特色鮮明。