男女裸(luo)像(xiang)青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅短劍(jian)(jian)、狐(hu)尾形飾、鈴型器(qi)、狩獵紋銅環、銅刀、陶盆、陶鼎、陶碗(wan)、紅陶罐等物(wu)品,其中男女裸(luo)像(xiang)青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅短劍(jian)(jian)的出土(tu)在青(qing)(qing)(qing)銅劍(jian)(jian)中尚(shang)屬(shu)發現,而且迄今僅此一(yi)件,其稀貴自不待言,同時也顯示此劍(jian)(jian)的使(shi)用者具(ju)有(you)特殊(shu)的身(shen)份。
青(qing)銅短(duan)劍是我國古代流行北方地區的(de)(de)一種(zhong)短(duan)兵(bing)器,考古發現頗多,分布在(zai)南起(qi)河北望城,北達吉林懷(huai)德,東(dong)自遼東(dong)半島(dao),西至內蒙(meng)古西部杭(hang)錦旗(qi)及山西保德的(de)(de)廣(guang)大范圍內,從 商代晚(wan)期出(chu)現直到戰國中晚(wan)期,是我國北方青(qing)銅文(wen)化的(de)(de)一種(zhong)富有(you)地區特點的(de)(de)遺物。
陰(yin)陽(yang)青銅短劍(jian)為(wei)春(chun)秋時期器(qi)物(wu),通長32厘(li)米,柄(bing)長10厘(li)米,刃寬4.2厘(li)米,1958年內蒙古赤峰市(shi)寧城縣南(nan)山根遺址出土(tu),內蒙古自治(zhi)區博物(wu)館藏。短劍(jian)造型作直柄(bing)曲刃,整體(ti)一次鑄(zhu)成(cheng),劍(jian)身有脊,橫斷面(mian)(mian)呈(cheng)八棱形,柄(bing)與劍(jian)身之(zhi)間有半月形護手(shou),柄(bing)扁圓,兩面(mian)(mian)各(ge)鑄(zhu)裸體(ti)人像,一面(mian)(mian)為(wei)男,一面(mian)(mian)為(wei)女,二面(mian)(mian)相雷同。
青(qing)銅短劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)制多(duo)樣,有曲(qu)柄(bing)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),柳葉劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)及(ji)曲(qu)刃(ren)(ren)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)三種形(xing)(xing)(xing)制,以(yi)曲(qu)柄(bing)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)年代早(zao),曲(qu)刃(ren)(ren)晚。劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)柄(bing)是青(qing)銅短劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)富裝(zhuang)飾的(de)部分,常(chang)見在劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)柄(bing)上飾幾(ji)何紋(wen)、螺(luo)旋紋(wen)、羽狀紋(wen)、圓點方格(ge)紋(wen)、動物紋(wen)等。柄(bing)首則作獸頭形(xing)(xing)(xing)、鳥頭形(xing)(xing)(xing)、雙環形(xing)(xing)(xing)、蘑(mo)菇形(xing)(xing)(xing)等,劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)柄(bing)裝(zhuang)飾以(yi)動物形(xing)(xing)(xing),體現(xian)了(le)游牧民族的(de)文化風格(ge),此件曲(qu)刃(ren)(ren)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)以(yi)裸體男女像作劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)柄(bing)之裝(zhuang)飾顯得(de)特突(tu)出,在青(qing)銅劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)尚屬發現(xian),而且(qie)迄今僅此一件,其(qi)稀貴自不待言,同時也顯示此劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)使用者具(ju)有特殊的(de)身(shen)份(fen)。
夏(xia)家(jia)(jia)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)下層文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化、夏(xia)家(jia)(jia)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)上(shang)層文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化都因發(fa)現于松(song)山(shan)區(qu)(qu)王家(jia)(jia)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鄉夏(xia)家(jia)(jia)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)村而得名,為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)北(bei)方青銅(tong)(tong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化。青銅(tong)(tong)時代在中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)主(zhu)要指夏(xia)、商(shang)、周(zhou)至春秋(qiu)時期(qi)。夏(xia)家(jia)(jia)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)下層文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化距今4000年左右,為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)北(bei)方早期(qi)青銅(tong)(tong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化,范(fan)圍以(yi)赤峰為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心,東至遼(liao)寧西(xi)部,南達京(jing)津地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu),西(xi)到張家(jia)(jia)口以(yi)東,北(bei)抵西(xi)拉沐淪河流域,其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)量山(shan)城(cheng)遺址引(yin)人注目。夏(xia)家(jia)(jia)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)下層文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化的(de)經濟結構(gou)以(yi)農業(ye)為(wei)主(zhu),兼畜牧業(ye)和狩獵(lie)。主(zhu)要農業(ye)作(zuo)物為(wei)粟和稷,其農業(ye)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)不晚于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)。出(chu)土的(de)彩繪(hui)陶器(qi)系(xi)用紅(hong)白兩(liang)彩在烘制后的(de)陶器(qi)上(shang)繪(hui)有饕餮紋、云雷紋、蟠螭紋、龜蛇紋等圖案,與商(shang)周(zhou)時期(qi)青銅(tong)(tong)器(qi)同等重要。
夏(xia)家(jia)店(dian)上層文(wen)(wen)化屬晚期青銅(tong)文(wen)(wen)化,距今3000年(nian)左右,分布(bu)范圍北(bei)至查干沐淪河、烏爾吉沐淪河流域,東(dong)南到凌(ling)河上游,東(dong)北(bei)至敖來河、孟克河,西(xi)南達承德(de)地區(qu),以西(xi)拉沐淪河和老哈河流域密集,系(xi)中華民族影響較大的(de)北(bei)方(fang)少數民族東(dong)胡(hu)族所創造(zao),被史學界稱為“東(dong)胡(hu)文(wen)(wen)化”。先后出土了多為本(ben)土鑄造(zao)的(de)大量青銅(tong)器(qi),融中原和漠北(bei)青銅(tong)文(wen)(wen)化于一體,與中原同期青銅(tong)文(wen)(wen)明(ming)互(hu)相影響、互(hu)見短(duan)長,工藝精湛,特(te)色鮮明(ming)。