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城墻布局

興城古城是明代的寧遠衛城，在清代改為寧遠州城。城池始建于明宣德三年（1428），“周圍五里九(jiu)十六(liu)(liu)步，高(gao)(gao)三丈，門(men)四，東曰(yue)(yue)春和，南(nan)曰(yue)(yue)延輝，西曰(yue)(yue)永(yong)(yong)寧(ning)，北曰(yue)(yue)威遠，鐘鼓樓(lou)在(zai)中街”。宣德五年（1430）又增筑外城(cheng)(cheng)，外城(cheng)(cheng)周圍九(jiu)里一(yi)百二(er)十四步，高(gao)(gao)如內城(cheng)(cheng)。門(men)四，東曰(yue)(yue)遠安(an)，南(nan)曰(yue)(yue)永(yong)(yong)清，西曰(yue)(yue)迎(ying)恩，北曰(yue)(yue)大定(ding)。四門(men)設(she)樓(lou)，四角設(she)臺，城(cheng)(cheng)郭之間(jian)為(wei)護城(cheng)(cheng)河。明朝末年袁崇煥鎮守寧(ning)遠，為(wei)抵御(yu)后(hou)金努(nu)爾哈(ha)赤的(de)軍事進(jin)攻，用(yong)兩年時間(jian)修繕寧(ning)遠城(cheng)(cheng)，城(cheng)(cheng)墻“高(gao)(gao)三丈二(er)尺，雉高(gao)(gao)六(liu)(liu)尺，址廣三丈，上二(er)丈四”。明朝末年，這里成為(wei)抗擊(ji)女真(zhen)族的(de)前沿陣(zhen)地。興城(cheng)(cheng)古城(cheng)(cheng)現僅存(cun)寧(ning)遠內城(cheng)(cheng)，經(jing)多次修繕，基本保持原貌(mao)。

城墻結構

古城平面呈正方形，南北844米，東西830米。城墻高8.5米，城基砌條石3層，基寬6.8米，頂寬4.5米。墻體為外條磚內毛石,外設垛口,內設女墻，中填夯土。墻頂設海墁磚 1層(ceng)(ceng)水(shui)口(kou)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)四(si)(si)角設炮臺(tai)，東南(nan)(nan)角炮臺(tai)上為(wei)(wei)清代增(zeng)建的(de)魁星樓(lou)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)為(wei)(wei)正方形，周長3274米。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)四(si)(si)面(mian)(mian)正中各設城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門上皆(jie)筑箭樓(lou)，為(wei)(wei)兩層(ceng)(ceng)樓(lou)閣。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)四(si)(si)角設臺(tai)，突出于(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)角。在城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)東南(nan)(nan)角上建有魁星樓(lou)一座。興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)現為(wei)(wei)全國重點文物保(bao)護(hu)單位(wei)。興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)——中國東北地(di)區(qu)的(de)沿海(hai)文化古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，它扼居(ju)遼西走廊的(de)咽喉(hou)地(di)帶，交(jiao)通發達，歷來是兵家必爭之地(di)。興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)保(bao)存較好。1984年以來國家撥(bo)款對古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)進行全面(mian)(mian)維修，并建立了文物保(bao)管所。

城(cheng)設 4門。東(dong)曰春(chun)和，西曰永寧，南曰延輝，北曰威遠。門座通長12.17米，寬13米。4門均(jun)建城(cheng)樓，重(zhong)檐歇山頂,面闊(kuo)三間，進(jin)深一間。城(cheng)門外有半(ban)圓形甕城(cheng),外徑(jing)32米，內(nei)、外均(jun)以條磚筑成，城(cheng)門內(nei)左(zuo)側設馬道，長21米，寬 3.1米。

城內十字街中心有鐘鼓樓 1座，方形樓臺，十字券洞。樓為 2層，重檐歇山卷棚頂。南街有明思宗朱由檢為遼西守將祖大壽、祖大樂立的兩座高大石牌坊。城內東南有清建文廟 1座。城內街坊布局，基本上仍保持著清末的體制。興城(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)墻保存(cun)較好。1984年以來國家撥款對古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)墻進(jin)行全面維修，并建(jian)立(li)了文物保管所。

城墻歷史

興城歷史悠久，遼代設(she)置興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)，距今已有1000多(duo)年的(de)(de)歷史。明(ming)朝為了(le)鞏固對(dui)東北地(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)統(tong)治，防御(yu)蒙(meng)古(gu)(gu)部(bu)落和(he)女真(zhen)人的(de)(de)侵(qin)擾，在山海關(guan)外“只設(she)衛(wei)(wei)所，不設(she)州縣(xian)(xian)(xian)”，先后設(she)立(li)了(le)二十五個衛(wei)(wei)，實行軍政合一(yi)式管理，寧(ning)遠衛(wei)(wei)就是(shi)其中之(zhi)一(yi)。 明(ming)宣德三(san)(san)年，即(ji)公元(yuan)1428年，鎮(zhen)(zhen)守遼東總(zong)(zong)兵(bing)官(guan)巫凱(kai)、都 御(yu)史包(bao)懷德及鎮(zhen)(zhen)守遼東太監王彥聯名奏請(qing)朝廷修筑(zhu)寧(ning)遠城(cheng)(cheng)，兩(liang)年后工(gong)程(cheng)竣工(gong)，當時稱(cheng)(cheng)寧(ning)遠衛(wei)(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)。寧(ning)遠衛(wei)(wei)駐軍5600人，守城(cheng)(cheng)士(shi)兵(bing)戰時出征，平時屯田勞作(zuo)，家屬也隨(sui)軍士(shi)從全國各地(di)前來定居，后代逐漸(jian)繁衍。衛(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)長官(guan)稱(cheng)(cheng)衛(wei)(wei)指揮使，既是(shi)一(yi)衛(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)軍事長官(guan)，又負責審理所轄地(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)民事案件，一(yi)般為三(san)(san)品官(guan)。這(zhe)種特殊的(de)(de)軍政體(ti)制(zhi)給寧(ning)遠城(cheng)(cheng)增加了(le)神秘色彩。清朝建(jian)(jian)立(li)后撤衛(wei)(wei)建(jian)(jian)州，寧(ning)遠衛(wei)(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)也改(gai)稱(cheng)(cheng)寧(ning)遠州城(cheng)(cheng)，寧(ning)遠州管轄山海關(guan)以東至錦州以西的(de)(de)廣闊區(qu)域。民國成立(li)后，1914年因(yin)寧(ning)遠與湖南(nan)、山西、云(yun)南(nan)等省的(de)(de)寧(ning)遠州重名，經當時的(de)(de)民國國務(wu)院(yuan)內(nei)務(wu)部(bu)呈請(qing)大(da)總(zong)(zong)統(tong)袁(yuan)世凱(kai)批準，恢復使用遼代的(de)(de)興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)名，寧(ning)遠城(cheng)(cheng)也就隨(sui)之(zhi)稱(cheng)(cheng)為興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)。興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)墻就是(shi)興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)主體(ti)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)。

歷史見證

興城城墻歷經570多年的風風雨雨仍巍然屹立，是當今中華大地上為數不多的明清古城墻建筑(zhu)，是明(ming)代軍事防御型城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市的(de)標(biao)本，它與(yu)平遙城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、西安城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、荊州(zhou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)并(bing)稱為中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)保存最完整的(de)四座古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，也是中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)現存惟一的(de)正方形城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，受到聯合國(guo)(guo)及歐盟文化遺 產保護專(zhuan)家(jia)和為數眾多的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)外游客的(de)青睞和關注。學者(zhe)們認為，研究中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)必不(bu)可少。 興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)整體為正方形，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)基礎用(yong)條石(shi)，外墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)用(yong)青磚砌成，內(nei)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)用(yong)不(bu)規則塊石(shi)壘(lei)砌，中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)用(yong)夯土所(suo)筑(zhu)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)頂端外沿筑(zhu)有(you)垛口，守城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)官兵可以以此(ci)護身、了望、射箭；內(nei)沿筑(zhu)有(you)女兒墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，高度低于(yu)垛口，起著加(jia)固城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的(de)作用(yong)。用(yong)于(yu)人(ren)員行(xing)走的(de)磚面稱為“海(hai)墁”，“海(hai)墁”系青磚鋪就，中(zhong)(zhong)凸外低，便于(yu)排水和減輕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)夯土的(de)承(cheng)重壓力。1644年三(san)月(yue)，李自成率(lv)領的(de)農民軍兵逼(bi)北(bei)京，崇禎(zhen)皇帝(di)匆忙下令寧(ning)遠(yuan)總兵吳三(san)桂放棄寧(ning)遠(yuan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，入關勤王，這樣，清軍才占(zhan)領寧(ning)遠(yuan)。

1948年9月(yue)28日(ri)，東(dong)北野(ye)戰(zhan)(zhan)軍(jun)第四縱隊一部在縱隊副司令員(yuan)(yuan)胡奇(qi)才(cai)的率領下，解放了興城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。當時，解放軍(jun)指戰(zhan)(zhan)員(yuan)(yuan)從(cong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻突破(po)進入古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內，但為了保(bao)護(hu)文物(wu)古跡，他們盡量避免開炮射擊城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻。三十多年后，古稀之年的胡奇(qi)才(cai)將軍(jun)重(zhong)回古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，欣然揮(hui)筆(bi)寫下了：“古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)回到人民手(shou)中”。至(zhi)今，這(zhe)幅(fu)題字仍在古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鐘(zhong)鼓樓上懸掛。

隨(sui)著興(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)知名(ming)度的(de)(de)(de)提升，旅游開(kai)發事業得到蓬(peng)勃(bo)發展(zhan)，中外游客紛至(zhi)沓(ta)來，文物(wu)保(bao)護工作也取得了顯著的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)展(zhan)。在人民政府的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)視下，由于戰(zhan)亂而(er)有所毀壞的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)部分地段的(de)(de)(de)垛口、女(nv)兒墻(qiang)(qiang)和(he)海(hai)(hai)墁得到修復，魁星樓也重(zhong)現了往日風采，保(bao)護維修使興(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)煥發了新的(de)(de)(de)生機，1988年(nian)1月13日，興(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)被國(guo)(guo)(guo)務院公布為全國(guo)(guo)(guo)重(zhong)點文物(wu)保(bao)護單位；對(dui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)進(jin)行綜(zong)合(he)研究(jiu)和(he)文化整理也隨(sui)之同步進(jin)行，已經(jing)有多部有關興(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)書籍(ji)出版或研究(jiu)論文發表；天津大(da)學、上(shang)海(hai)(hai)同濟(ji)大(da)學等高校的(de)(de)(de)知名(ming)學者為興(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)精心編制了保(bao)護規劃(hua)；先后(hou)有《三(san)進(jin)山城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)》、《平原游擊隊》、《濟(ji)南戰(zhan)役》、《袁崇煥》、《遠東(dong)陰謀》、《甲午(wu)陸戰(zhan)》等影視劇(ju)在興(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)拍攝外景；2001年(nian)，興(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)保(bao)護開(kai)發工程(cheng)啟動，興(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)被規劃(hua)為“城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)思古”游覽區，游人們(men)登(deng)臨城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)，不(bu)僅可以驚(jing)嘆中國(guo)(guo)(guo)古代建筑(zhu)藝術的(de)(de)(de)精湛，還能穿(chuan)越(yue)歷史的(de)(de)(de)時空，回味著明末(mo)那一幕(mu)幕(mu)蕩(dang)氣回腸的(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)爭場(chang)面(mian)。

建造藝術

城墻四面的正中各設城門，東為春和門、南為延輝門、西為永寧門、北為威遠門。城門(men)上(shang)修(xiu)筑(zhu)了箭樓(lou)(lou)(lou)，俗稱城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)和城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)，為兩層樓(lou)(lou)(lou)閣(ge)建筑(zhu)，重檐高聳(song)、氣勢巍峨。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)旁邊(bian)分別有(you)坡形(xing)馬(ma)道，供人員上(shang)下城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)外均有(you)半(ban)圓形(xing)甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，與(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻連為一體。 興城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻東南(nan)角上(shang)建有(you)魁星樓(lou)(lou)(lou)一座，其(qi)他三個拐(guai)角處(chu)都設有(you)角臺，明清征戰時期，在角臺上(shang)架設火炮，平時角臺上(shang)也有(you)士兵駐扎(zha)，以加強對城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻的防(fang)御。距(ju)離魁星樓(lou)(lou)(lou)不遠(yuan)處(chu)的城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻底端(duan)，有(you)水門(men)洞一個，為明代(dai)所修(xiu)，至今保存完(wan)好，是古(gu)代(dai)的排水設施。

古(gu)城(cheng)內的(de)(de)四(si)條大(da)街，是古(gu)城(cheng)的(de)(de)主干道，他們因(yin)循(xun)四(si)座城(cheng)門而得名，分(fen)別稱為(wei)春和(he)(he)街、延輝街、永(yong)寧街和(he)(he)威(wei)遠街，城(cheng)中百姓根據(ju)方位分(fen)別稱為(wei)東街、南街、西街和(he)(he)北街。街道兩旁分(fen)布著許多(duo)老字(zi)號(hao)店(dian)鋪，其(qi)中以南街最(zui)為(wei)集中，因(yin)此(ci)(ci)有"明代一(yi)條街"的(de)(de)美譽。四(si)條大(da)街呈十(shi)字(zi)形規則分(fen)布，因(yin)此(ci)(ci)又統稱為(wei)十(shi)字(zi)大(da)街，十(shi)字(zi)大(da)街的(de)(de)交叉點坐落著一(yi)座鐘鼓(gu)樓(lou)。

鐘鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou)與(yu)(yu)城墻的(de)四座(zuo)城門箭(jian)樓(lou)(lou)遙相呼應，鐘鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou)為二層樓(lou)(lou)閣建(jian)筑，登臨樓(lou)(lou)頂，城墻和古(gu)城內的(de)景觀(guan)盡收眼底。鐘鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou)是古(gu)代城市的(de)報時中(zhong)心，晨鐘暮鼓(gu)。在明(ming)與(yu)(yu)后金軍隊征戰期間，鎮守寧遠城的(de)明(ming)軍主帥(shuai)袁崇煥就坐鎮鐘鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou)指揮作(zuo)戰。

建筑風格

與世界上現存的其他城墻相比，興城城墻有許多引人關注的獨特性。在明代修建城墻時，主(zhu)要考(kao)慮到軍事防御(yu)的需要，因此設(she)置(zhi)了(le)角臺等(deng)軍事設(she)施，在(zai)這(zhe)方(fang)面特別值(zhi)得稱道的是半圓(yuan)形(xing)的甕(weng)城(cheng)和便于人馬通行的坡形(xing)馬道。

甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)筑于四座城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外側(ce)，呈半圓(yuan)形，與(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)同時興建(jian)。甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)突(tu)出(chu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)之外，既體現(xian)(xian)出(chu)一(yi)種建(jian)筑美學，又可以(yi)(yi)保(bao)護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)在戰斗中(zhong)不被(bei)敵人輕(qing)易(yi)接近與(yu)破(po)壞。在實戰中(zhong)即便敵軍(jun)攻破(po)了甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)，在城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)守(shou)軍(jun)仍(reng)能(neng)以(yi)(yi)極快的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速度組織調度，居高臨下(xia)從(cong)四面向城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)下(xia)發動還(huan)擊，而敵軍(jun)一(yi)旦身陷半圓(yuan)形的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之內，人馬(ma)很(hen)難脫身，成語“甕(weng)中(zhong)捉鱉(bie)”可以(yi)(yi)說是對甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)功能(neng)最生(sheng)動地描述(shu)。明(ming)朝(chao)末年(nian)努爾哈赤和皇(huang)太(tai)極所率領(ling)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軍(jun)隊攻打寧(ning)遠城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)時，就是在甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內遭(zao)到猛(meng)烈攻擊而損(sun)失慘重(zhong)。 興城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)四座城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)造型(xing)體現(xian)(xian)出(chu)明(ming)代北方的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑風格，它(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磚木(mu)結構是傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑特點。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)建(jian)在拱形的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)洞之上(shang)，與(yu)鐘鼓樓(lou)一(yi)樣是二層(ceng)樓(lou)閣建(jian)筑，面闊8.9米，進深4.5米，內有(you)樓(lou)梯登樓(lou)，建(jian)筑形式為重(zhong)檐歇山頂，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)頂端為青色筒(tong)瓦和板瓦覆蓋，正脊(ji)(ji)兩端有(you)吻獸(shou)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾，戧脊(ji)(ji)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)垂獸(shou)和檐角(jiao)前部裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)跑獸(shou)神態栩栩如(ru)生(sheng)。按(an)照明(ming)代的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)規制，不同級別的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)上(shang)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)跑獸(shou)數目是不一(yi)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，寧(ning)遠衛城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)檐角(jiao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)跑獸(shou)有(you)天(tian)馬(ma)、海馬(ma)和獅子(zi)三種，其中(zhong)，天(tian)馬(ma)、海馬(ma)是吉祥的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化身，獅子(zi)則代表勇猛(meng)和威嚴，它(ta)(ta)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)寓意與(yu)這座軍(jun)事防(fang)御型(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特色可謂(wei)不謀(mou)而合(he)。

內壁特色

興城(cheng)城(cheng)墻的(de)(de)內壁也(ye)很有特色。為了(le)使(shi)城(cheng)墻堅(jian)固，形(xing)成強大(da)的(de)(de)支撐力，避免內心的(de)(de)夯土松動，城(cheng)墻在建(jian)筑(zhu)之(zhi)初(chu)就(jiu)用不規則城(cheng)石(shi)(shi)砌筑(zhu)內壁，然后將(jiang)壁面鑿平(ping)，所以稱為“毛石(shi)(shi)墻”；由于石(shi)(shi)料大(da)多是(shi)就(jiu)地(di)取(qu)材，遠望去(qu)顏色近(jin)(jin)似虎(hu)皮(pi)，所以又被稱為“虎(hu)皮(pi)毛石(shi)(shi)墻”。 興城(cheng)城(cheng)墻是(shi)中(zhong)國古代城(cheng)市規劃(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)典范(fan)。從建(jian)筑(zhu)科學上講，興城(cheng)城(cheng)墻的(de)(de)選(xuan)址(zhi)得體(ti)，恰好處在山水(shui)圍河的(de)(de)平(ping)原地(di)帶，十分有利(li)于形(xing)成良好的(de)(de)生(sheng)態(tai)環境和局部小氣候。背山可(ke)以抵(di)擋冬(dong)天北來(lai)的(de)(de)寒流，抱陽可(ke)以得到良好的(de)(de)日(ri)照，近(jin)(jin)水(shui)可(ke)以保障生(sheng)活及(ji)(ji)灌溉供(gong)水(shui)，還可(ke)以防止(zhi)風沙侵襲(xi)，對(dui)城(cheng)內居民十分有利(li)。 中(zhong)國古代的(de)(de)傳(chuan)統哲學思想在興城(cheng)城(cheng)墻的(de)(de)規劃(hua)(hua)和建(jian)筑(zhu)中(zhong)，體(ti)現(xian)得淋漓盡致：興城(cheng)城(cheng)墻建(jian)成正方形(xing)，是(shi)取(qu)傳(chuan)統宇宙觀的(de)(de)“天圓(yuan)地(di)方”，予(yu)以大(da)地(di)沉穩、永無銷毀之(zhi)意；興城(cheng)城(cheng)墻的(de)(de)周長及(ji)(ji)城(cheng)門數(shu)、街路(lu)數(shu)均為偶數(shu)，體(ti)現(xian)了(le)古代哲學中(zhong)數(shu)的(de)(de)思辨。