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城墻布局

興城古城是明代的寧遠衛城，在清代改為寧遠州城。城池始建于明宣德三年（1428），“周(zhou)圍(wei)五里九十六(liu)步(bu)，高(gao)三(san)(san)丈，門四(si)，東曰(yue)(yue)(yue)春(chun)和，南曰(yue)(yue)(yue)延輝，西(xi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)永寧，北(bei)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)威遠(yuan)，鐘(zhong)鼓樓在中街”。宣德(de)五年(nian)(nian)（1430）又增筑(zhu)外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)周(zhou)圍(wei)九里一(yi)百二十四(si)步(bu)，高(gao)如內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。門四(si)，東曰(yue)(yue)(yue)遠(yuan)安(an)，南曰(yue)(yue)(yue)永清，西(xi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)迎恩，北(bei)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)大定。四(si)門設樓，四(si)角設臺，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)郭之間為(wei)護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河。明(ming)朝(chao)末年(nian)(nian)袁(yuan)崇煥鎮守寧遠(yuan)，為(wei)抵(di)御后金努(nu)爾哈(ha)赤的軍事進攻，用(yong)兩年(nian)(nian)時間修繕(shan)寧遠(yuan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻“高(gao)三(san)(san)丈二尺，雉高(gao)六(liu)尺，址廣三(san)(san)丈，上(shang)二丈四(si)”。明(ming)朝(chao)末年(nian)(nian)，這里成為(wei)抗擊女真族的前沿陣地。興城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)現僅存寧遠(yuan)內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，經多次修繕(shan)，基(ji)本保持原貌。

城墻結構

古城平面呈正方形，南北844米，東西830米。城墻高8.5米，城基砌條石3層，基寬6.8米，頂寬4.5米。墻體為外條磚內毛石,外設垛口,內設女墻，中填夯土。墻頂設海墁磚 1層(ceng)水口。城墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)四角(jiao)設(she)(she)炮臺(tai)，東(dong)(dong)南角(jiao)炮臺(tai)上為(wei)清代增建(jian)的(de)魁星樓(lou)(lou)。城墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)為(wei)正方(fang)形，周長3274米(mi)。城墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)四面正中(zhong)各設(she)(she)城門，城門上皆(jie)筑箭(jian)樓(lou)(lou)，為(wei)兩層(ceng)樓(lou)(lou)閣。城墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)四角(jiao)設(she)(she)臺(tai)，突出于城角(jiao)。在(zai)城區東(dong)(dong)南角(jiao)上建(jian)有魁星樓(lou)(lou)一座。興(xing)城城墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)現為(wei)全國重點文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護單位。興(xing)城——中(zhong)國東(dong)(dong)北地區的(de)沿海文(wen)(wen)(wen)化古城，它扼(e)居遼西走廊的(de)咽喉地帶，交通(tong)發達，歷來是兵家(jia)必爭(zheng)之地。興(xing)城城墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)保(bao)存較好(hao)。1984年以來國家(jia)撥款對古城城墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)進行全面維(wei)修，并建(jian)立了(le)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)保(bao)管所。

城(cheng)設 4門。東曰(yue)春和，西曰(yue)永(yong)寧，南曰(yue)延輝(hui)，北曰(yue)威遠。門座通長(chang)12.17米，寬13米。4門均建城(cheng)樓(lou)，重(zhong)檐歇山頂,面(mian)闊三間，進深一間。城(cheng)門外有(you)半圓形甕城(cheng),外徑32米，內(nei)、外均以條磚筑成，城(cheng)門內(nei)左(zuo)側設馬道，長(chang)21米，寬 3.1米。

城內十字街中心有鐘鼓樓 1座，方形樓臺，十字券洞。樓為 2層，重檐歇山卷棚頂。南街有明思宗朱由檢為遼西守將祖大壽、祖大樂立的兩座高大石牌坊。城內東南有清建文廟 1座。城內街坊布局，基本上仍保持著清末的體制。興城(cheng)城(cheng)墻保存較好。1984年以來(lai)國(guo)家(jia)撥款對古城(cheng)城(cheng)墻進行全面維修，并建立了文(wen)物(wu)保管所。

城墻歷史

興城歷史悠久，遼代設置興城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)縣，距今已(yi)有1000多年的(de)(de)歷史。明朝為了(le)(le)鞏固對(dui)東(dong)北(bei)地區(qu)的(de)(de)統治(zhi)，防御(yu)蒙(meng)古(gu)部(bu)落和(he)女(nv)真人(ren)的(de)(de)侵擾，在山(shan)(shan)海(hai)關外“只設衛所(suo)，不設州(zhou)(zhou)縣”，先后(hou)設立了(le)(le)二十五個衛，實行軍(jun)政合一(yi)(yi)式管理(li)，寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)衛就是其中(zhong)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。 明宣(xuan)德三(san)(san)年，即(ji)公元(yuan)1428年，鎮(zhen)守(shou)遼東(dong)總(zong)兵(bing)官巫凱、都 御(yu)史包(bao)懷德及(ji)鎮(zhen)守(shou)遼東(dong)太監王彥聯名(ming)奏請朝廷修筑寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，兩年后(hou)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)竣工(gong)(gong)，當時(shi)(shi)稱(cheng)(cheng)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)衛城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)衛駐軍(jun)5600人(ren)，守(shou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)士兵(bing)戰時(shi)(shi)出征，平時(shi)(shi)屯田勞(lao)作，家屬也隨軍(jun)士從全國(guo)(guo)各地前來定居，后(hou)代(dai)逐漸(jian)繁衍。衛的(de)(de)長官稱(cheng)(cheng)衛指(zhi)揮使(shi)，既是一(yi)(yi)衛的(de)(de)軍(jun)事長官，又(you)負責審理(li)所(suo)轄(xia)地區(qu)的(de)(de)民(min)事案件，一(yi)(yi)般為三(san)(san)品官。這種(zhong)特殊的(de)(de)軍(jun)政體(ti)制給(gei)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)增加了(le)(le)神秘色彩。清朝建立后(hou)撤(che)衛建州(zhou)(zhou)，寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)衛城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)也改稱(cheng)(cheng)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)州(zhou)(zhou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)州(zhou)(zhou)管轄(xia)山(shan)(shan)海(hai)關以東(dong)至(zhi)錦州(zhou)(zhou)以西的(de)(de)廣闊區(qu)域。民(min)國(guo)(guo)成立后(hou)，1914年因寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)與湖南(nan)、山(shan)(shan)西、云(yun)南(nan)等省的(de)(de)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)州(zhou)(zhou)重名(ming)，經當時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)民(min)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)務院內務部(bu)呈請大總(zong)統袁世凱批準(zhun)，恢復使(shi)用遼代(dai)的(de)(de)興城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)縣縣名(ming)，寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)也就隨之(zhi)稱(cheng)(cheng)為興城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。興城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻就是興城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)主體(ti)建筑。

歷史見證

興城城墻歷經570多年的風風雨雨仍巍然屹立，是當今中華大地上為數不多的明清古城墻建筑(zhu)，是(shi)明(ming)代軍事防御型(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市的(de)(de)標本，它與平遙城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、西安城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、荊州(zhou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)并稱為(wei)中國保存最完整的(de)(de)四座(zuo)古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，也(ye)是(shi)中國現存惟一的(de)(de)正方(fang)形城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，受到聯(lian)合國及歐(ou)盟文(wen)化遺 產保護專家和為(wei)數眾多(duo)的(de)(de)中外(wai)游客的(de)(de)青睞和關(guan)注。學者們認為(wei)，研究中國古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，興城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)必不(bu)可少。 興城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)整體為(wei)正方(fang)形，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)基礎用(yong)條(tiao)石(shi)，外(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)用(yong)青磚(zhuan)砌成，內墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)用(yong)不(bu)規則塊石(shi)壘(lei)砌，中間用(yong)夯(hang)土所筑(zhu)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)頂端外(wai)沿筑(zhu)有(you)垛(duo)口(kou)(kou)，守城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)官兵可以(yi)以(yi)此護身、了望、射(she)箭；內沿筑(zhu)有(you)女兒墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，高度低于(yu)垛(duo)口(kou)(kou)，起著(zhu)加固城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)作用(yong)。用(yong)于(yu)人(ren)員(yuan)行走的(de)(de)磚(zhuan)面稱為(wei)“海墁”，“海墁”系青磚(zhuan)鋪就，中凸(tu)外(wai)低，便(bian)于(yu)排水(shui)和減輕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)夯(hang)土的(de)(de)承(cheng)重壓力。1644年三月，李(li)自成率領的(de)(de)農民軍兵逼北京，崇禎皇(huang)帝匆忙下令寧遠總兵吳三桂放棄寧遠城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，入(ru)關(guan)勤王，這樣，清(qing)軍才占領寧遠。

1948年9月28日，東(dong)北(bei)野戰(zhan)軍第(di)四縱隊(dui)(dui)一部在(zai)縱隊(dui)(dui)副司令員(yuan)胡(hu)奇(qi)才的率領下(xia)，解放(fang)了(le)興城(cheng)古(gu)城(cheng)。當時，解放(fang)軍指(zhi)戰(zhan)員(yuan)從城(cheng)墻突破進入古(gu)城(cheng)內，但(dan)為了(le)保護(hu)文(wen)物古(gu)跡，他們(men)盡量避(bi)免開炮射(she)擊城(cheng)墻。三十多年后，古(gu)稀之年的胡(hu)奇(qi)才將軍重(zhong)回(hui)古(gu)城(cheng)，欣然揮筆寫下(xia)了(le)：“古(gu)城(cheng)回(hui)到(dao)人民手(shou)中”。至今，這幅題字仍在(zai)古(gu)城(cheng)鐘(zhong)鼓樓上懸掛。

隨著興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)知(zhi)名度的提升，旅游開發(fa)(fa)事(shi)業(ye)得到蓬勃(bo)發(fa)(fa)展，中外游客紛至沓來(lai)，文(wen)(wen)(wen)物保(bao)護工(gong)作也取(qu)得了顯著的進展。在人(ren)(ren)民(min)政府(fu)的重(zhong)視下，由于(yu)戰(zhan)亂而有(you)所(suo)毀壞的城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)部分地(di)段的垛口、女(nv)兒墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)和海墁(man)得到修(xiu)(xiu)復，魁星樓也重(zhong)現(xian)了往日風采(cai)，保(bao)護維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)使興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)煥(huan)發(fa)(fa)了新的生機，1988年1月13日，興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)被國務院公布為全國重(zhong)點(dian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物保(bao)護單位；對城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)進行綜合研(yan)究和文(wen)(wen)(wen)化整理(li)也隨之同步進行，已經有(you)多部有(you)關興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的書籍出版或(huo)研(yan)究論文(wen)(wen)(wen)發(fa)(fa)表；天津(jin)大(da)學、上(shang)海同濟大(da)學等高校的知(zhi)名學者(zhe)為興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)精(jing)心編制了保(bao)護規劃(hua)(hua)；先后有(you)《三進山城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)》、《平原游擊隊》、《濟南戰(zhan)役》、《袁崇煥(huan)》、《遠東陰(yin)謀》、《甲午(wu)陸(lu)戰(zhan)》等影視劇在興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)拍攝外景(jing)；2001年，興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)保(bao)護開發(fa)(fa)工(gong)程啟動(dong)，興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)被規劃(hua)(hua)為“城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣思古(gu)”游覽區，游人(ren)(ren)們登臨城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，不僅可以驚(jing)嘆中國古(gu)代建筑藝(yi)術的精(jing)湛，還(huan)能穿越(yue)歷史的時空，回味(wei)著明(ming)末那一幕幕蕩氣回腸(chang)的戰(zhan)爭(zheng)場(chang)面。

建造藝術

城墻四面的正中各設城門，東為春和門、南為延輝門、西為永寧門、北為威遠門。城門(men)上(shang)修筑了箭(jian)樓(lou)(lou)，俗(su)稱(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)樓(lou)(lou)和(he)城(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)(lou)，為兩(liang)層樓(lou)(lou)閣建筑，重檐高聳、氣(qi)勢(shi)巍峨。城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)旁邊(bian)分別有(you)坡(po)形馬道，供(gong)人(ren)員上(shang)下城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)，城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)外均有(you)半圓形甕城(cheng)(cheng)，與城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)連為一(yi)體。 興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)東南角(jiao)上(shang)建有(you)魁(kui)星(xing)樓(lou)(lou)一(yi)座，其他三個拐角(jiao)處都設有(you)角(jiao)臺(tai)，明清征戰時(shi)期，在(zai)角(jiao)臺(tai)上(shang)架設火(huo)炮，平(ping)時(shi)角(jiao)臺(tai)上(shang)也有(you)士兵駐扎，以加強對城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)的(de)(de)防御(yu)。距離魁(kui)星(xing)樓(lou)(lou)不遠(yuan)處的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)底端，有(you)水門(men)洞一(yi)個，為明代(dai)所修，至(zhi)今保(bao)存完好，是(shi)古(gu)代(dai)的(de)(de)排水設施。

古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)內的(de)四條大(da)街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，是古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)主干道，他們(men)因循四座(zuo)城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)而得名，分別稱為(wei)(wei)春(chun)和街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、延輝(hui)街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、永寧街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)和威遠街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，城(cheng)(cheng)中百姓(xing)根據方位分別稱為(wei)(wei)東街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、南街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、西街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)和北街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)。街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)道兩旁分布(bu)著(zhu)許多老字號(hao)店(dian)鋪，其中以南街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)最為(wei)(wei)集中，因此(ci)有"明代一條街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)"的(de)美譽。四條大(da)街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)呈十字形規則(ze)分布(bu)，因此(ci)又統稱為(wei)(wei)十字大(da)街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，十字大(da)街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)交叉點坐落著(zhu)一座(zuo)鐘鼓樓。

鐘(zhong)(zhong)鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)與城(cheng)墻(qiang)的(de)(de)四座城(cheng)門(men)箭樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)遙(yao)相呼應，鐘(zhong)(zhong)鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)為二層樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)閣建(jian)筑，登臨樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)頂，城(cheng)墻(qiang)和古城(cheng)內(nei)的(de)(de)景觀盡收眼底。鐘(zhong)(zhong)鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)是(shi)古代(dai)城(cheng)市(shi)的(de)(de)報(bao)時中心(xin)，晨鐘(zhong)(zhong)暮鼓(gu)。在(zai)明(ming)與后金軍隊征戰期間(jian)，鎮守寧遠城(cheng)的(de)(de)明(ming)軍主(zhu)帥袁崇煥就坐鎮鐘(zhong)(zhong)鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)指揮(hui)作戰。

建筑風格

與世界上現存的其他城墻相比，興城城墻有許多引人關注的獨特性。在明代修建城墻時，主要考慮到軍(jun)事防御(yu)的需要，因(yin)此設置了角臺等軍(jun)事設施，在這方面特別(bie)值得稱道的是半圓(yuan)形(xing)的甕城和便于人馬(ma)通行的坡形(xing)馬(ma)道。

甕(weng)(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)于四座城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)的(de)(de)外側，呈(cheng)半(ban)圓形，與(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)同時興建(jian)。甕(weng)(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)突(tu)出城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)之外，既體(ti)現(xian)出一(yi)(yi)種建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)美學，又(you)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)保(bao)護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)在(zai)(zai)戰斗中(zhong)不(bu)被敵人(ren)(ren)輕易(yi)接近與(yu)破(po)壞。在(zai)(zai)實戰中(zhong)即便敵軍(jun)攻(gong)破(po)了甕(weng)(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)，在(zai)(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)上(shang)的(de)(de)守軍(jun)仍能以(yi)極快的(de)(de)速度組織調(diao)度，居高臨下(xia)從四面(mian)向城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)下(xia)發動還(huan)擊，而(er)敵軍(jun)一(yi)(yi)旦身陷半(ban)圓形的(de)(de)甕(weng)(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之內，人(ren)(ren)馬(ma)(ma)很難脫身，成語“甕(weng)(weng)中(zhong)捉鱉”可(ke)(ke)以(yi)說是(shi)對甕(weng)(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)功能最(zui)生動地描述。明朝(chao)末年努爾哈赤和(he)皇太極所率領的(de)(de)軍(jun)隊(dui)攻(gong)打寧遠(yuan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)時，就是(shi)在(zai)(zai)甕(weng)(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內遭(zao)到猛(meng)烈攻(gong)擊而(er)損失慘重。 興城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)四座城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)的(de)(de)造(zao)型(xing)體(ti)現(xian)出明代北方的(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)風格，它的(de)(de)磚木結構是(shi)傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)特點。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)建(jian)在(zai)(zai)拱形的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)洞之上(shang)，與(yu)鐘鼓樓(lou)一(yi)(yi)樣是(shi)二(er)層樓(lou)閣(ge)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)，面(mian)闊8.9米(mi)，進深(shen)4.5米(mi)，內有(you)樓(lou)梯登(deng)樓(lou)，建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)形式(shi)為重檐(yan)歇(xie)山(shan)頂，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)頂端為青色(se)筒瓦和(he)板瓦覆蓋(gai)，正脊兩端有(you)吻(wen)獸(shou)(shou)裝(zhuang)飾，戧脊上(shang)的(de)(de)垂獸(shou)(shou)和(he)檐(yan)角前部(bu)裝(zhuang)飾的(de)(de)跑(pao)(pao)獸(shou)(shou)神態栩栩如生。按(an)照明代的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)規制，不(bu)同級別(bie)的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)上(shang)裝(zhuang)飾的(de)(de)跑(pao)(pao)獸(shou)(shou)數目是(shi)不(bu)一(yi)(yi)樣的(de)(de)，寧遠(yuan)衛城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)檐(yan)角裝(zhuang)飾的(de)(de)跑(pao)(pao)獸(shou)(shou)有(you)天(tian)馬(ma)(ma)、海馬(ma)(ma)和(he)獅子三種，其中(zhong)，天(tian)馬(ma)(ma)、海馬(ma)(ma)是(shi)吉祥的(de)(de)化身，獅子則代表勇猛(meng)和(he)威嚴，它們的(de)(de)寓(yu)意與(yu)這(zhe)座軍(jun)事防(fang)御型(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)的(de)(de)特色(se)可(ke)(ke)謂不(bu)謀而(er)合(he)。

內壁特色

興城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內壁也很有(you)特(te)色(se)。為了使城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)堅固，形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)強(qiang)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)撐力，避免(mian)內心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)夯土松動(dong)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)在(zai)建筑(zhu)之初(chu)就用不(bu)規(gui)則城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)石(shi)(shi)砌筑(zhu)內壁，然(ran)后將壁面鑿平，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)稱(cheng)為“毛(mao)石(shi)(shi)墻(qiang)(qiang)”；由于石(shi)(shi)料大多(duo)是就地(di)(di)取材(cai)，遠(yuan)望去顏色(se)近似虎皮，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)又被稱(cheng)為“虎皮毛(mao)石(shi)(shi)墻(qiang)(qiang)”。 興城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)是中國古(gu)代城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市規(gui)劃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)典范。從(cong)建筑(zhu)科(ke)學上講(jiang)，興城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選址得體，恰好(hao)(hao)處在(zai)山水(shui)圍河(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平原地(di)(di)帶，十(shi)分(fen)有(you)利于形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)良好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)和(he)局部小氣候。背山可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)抵擋冬天北來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)寒流，抱陽(yang)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)得到良好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日照，近水(shui)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)保(bao)障生(sheng)活及灌溉(gai)供水(shui)，還(huan)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)防止風沙侵襲，對(dui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內居民十(shi)分(fen)有(you)利。 中國古(gu)代的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統哲學思想在(zai)興城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)劃和(he)建筑(zhu)中，體現得淋漓盡(jin)致(zhi)：興城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)建成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)正方形(xing)，是取傳統宇宙觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“天圓地(di)(di)方”，予以(yi)(yi)(yi)大地(di)(di)沉穩、永無銷毀之意；興城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)周長及城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門數、街路數均為偶(ou)數，體現了古(gu)代哲學中數的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思辨(bian)。