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城墻布局

興城古城是明代的寧遠衛城，在清代改為寧遠州城。城池始建于明宣德三年（1428），“周圍五里九(jiu)十六步，高(gao)三(san)丈，門(men)四(si)，東曰(yue)春和(he)，南(nan)曰(yue)延輝(hui)，西曰(yue)永寧，北曰(yue)威(wei)遠，鐘(zhong)鼓樓在中街”。宣德五年(nian)（1430）又增筑外城(cheng)(cheng)，外城(cheng)(cheng)周圍九(jiu)里一百二十四(si)步，高(gao)如內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)。門(men)四(si)，東曰(yue)遠安，南(nan)曰(yue)永清(qing)，西曰(yue)迎(ying)恩(en)，北曰(yue)大定。四(si)門(men)設(she)樓，四(si)角設(she)臺，城(cheng)(cheng)郭之間為(wei)護城(cheng)(cheng)河。明朝末(mo)年(nian)袁崇(chong)煥鎮(zhen)守寧遠，為(wei)抵御后金努爾哈(ha)赤的軍事(shi)進攻(gong)，用(yong)兩年(nian)時間修(xiu)繕寧遠城(cheng)(cheng)，城(cheng)(cheng)墻“高(gao)三(san)丈二尺(chi)，雉高(gao)六尺(chi)，址廣三(san)丈，上二丈四(si)”。明朝末(mo)年(nian)，這里成為(wei)抗擊女真族的前沿陣地。興城(cheng)(cheng)古城(cheng)(cheng)現(xian)僅(jin)存寧遠內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)，經多次(ci)修(xiu)繕，基本保(bao)持原貌。

城墻結構

古城平面呈正方形，南北844米，東西830米。城墻高8.5米，城基砌條石3層，基寬6.8米，頂寬4.5米。墻體為外條磚內毛石,外設垛口,內設女墻，中填夯土。墻頂設海墁磚 1層(ceng)水口(kou)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)四(si)(si)角(jiao)設炮(pao)臺(tai)(tai)，東南角(jiao)炮(pao)臺(tai)(tai)上為清代增建的(de)魁(kui)星樓(lou)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)為正(zheng)方形，周長(chang)3274米。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)四(si)(si)面正(zheng)中(zhong)各設城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)上皆筑箭(jian)樓(lou)，為兩(liang)層(ceng)樓(lou)閣。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)四(si)(si)角(jiao)設臺(tai)(tai)，突出(chu)于城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)角(jiao)。在城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區東南角(jiao)上建有魁(kui)星樓(lou)一座。興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)現為全國(guo)(guo)重點文物保護單位。興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)——中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)東北(bei)地區的(de)沿海文化古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，它扼居遼西(xi)走廊的(de)咽(yan)喉(hou)地帶，交通發達，歷(li)來是兵(bing)家必爭(zheng)之地。興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)保存較好(hao)。1984年(nian)以來國(guo)(guo)家撥(bo)款(kuan)對古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)進行(xing)全面維修，并(bing)建立了(le)文物保管(guan)所。

城(cheng)設 4門(men)(men)。東曰春(chun)和，西曰永寧，南曰延輝，北(bei)曰威遠。門(men)(men)座通長(chang)12.17米(mi)(mi)，寬13米(mi)(mi)。4門(men)(men)均建城(cheng)樓，重檐歇山(shan)頂,面闊三間(jian)，進深一間(jian)。城(cheng)門(men)(men)外有半圓形(xing)甕(weng)城(cheng),外徑32米(mi)(mi)，內、外均以條磚筑成，城(cheng)門(men)(men)內左側設馬道，長(chang)21米(mi)(mi)，寬 3.1米(mi)(mi)。

城內十字街中心有鐘鼓樓 1座，方形樓臺，十字券洞。樓為 2層，重檐歇山卷棚頂。南街有明思宗朱由檢為遼西守將祖大壽、祖大樂立的兩座高大石牌坊。城內東南有清建文廟 1座。城內街坊布局，基本上仍保持著清末的體制。興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)保(bao)存(cun)較好。1984年以來國家撥款對(dui)古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)進(jin)行全面維修，并建立(li)了文(wen)物保(bao)管所(suo)。

城墻歷史

興城歷史悠久，遼代設置(zhi)興城(cheng)(cheng)縣(xian)，距今已有1000多年(nian)的(de)(de)歷史(shi)。明朝為了(le)鞏(gong)固對東(dong)北地區的(de)(de)統(tong)治，防(fang)御(yu)蒙古部落和女真人的(de)(de)侵擾，在山海關(guan)外“只(zhi)設衛(wei)(wei)所(suo)，不設州縣(xian)”，先后設立(li)了(le)二十五個衛(wei)(wei)，實行軍政(zheng)合一(yi)式管(guan)理(li)，寧(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)衛(wei)(wei)就是(shi)其中之一(yi)。 明宣(xuan)德三(san)年(nian)，即公元(yuan)1428年(nian)，鎮(zhen)守遼(liao)(liao)東(dong)總兵(bing)官巫凱、都 御(yu)史(shi)包懷德及鎮(zhen)守遼(liao)(liao)東(dong)太監王彥聯名奏請朝廷修筑(zhu)(zhu)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)城(cheng)(cheng)，兩年(nian)后工程竣(jun)工，當時(shi)稱寧(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)衛(wei)(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)。寧(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)衛(wei)(wei)駐軍5600人，守城(cheng)(cheng)士兵(bing)戰時(shi)出征，平(ping)時(shi)屯田勞作，家屬也隨(sui)軍士從(cong)全(quan)國(guo)各地前(qian)來定居(ju)，后代(dai)逐漸(jian)繁衍。衛(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)長(chang)官稱衛(wei)(wei)指(zhi)揮使，既是(shi)一(yi)衛(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)軍事(shi)(shi)長(chang)官，又負責(ze)審理(li)所(suo)轄地區的(de)(de)民(min)事(shi)(shi)案件，一(yi)般為三(san)品(pin)官。這種(zhong)特(te)殊的(de)(de)軍政(zheng)體制給寧(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)城(cheng)(cheng)增加了(le)神秘(mi)色彩。清(qing)朝建立(li)后撤衛(wei)(wei)建州，寧(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)衛(wei)(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)也改稱寧(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)州城(cheng)(cheng)，寧(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)州管(guan)轄山海關(guan)以東(dong)至錦州以西的(de)(de)廣闊(kuo)區域。民(min)國(guo)成立(li)后，1914年(nian)因寧(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)與湖南(nan)、山西、云南(nan)等(deng)省的(de)(de)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)州重(zhong)名，經(jing)當時(shi)的(de)(de)民(min)國(guo)國(guo)務院內(nei)務部呈請大總統(tong)袁世凱批準(zhun)，恢復使用(yong)遼(liao)(liao)代(dai)的(de)(de)興城(cheng)(cheng)縣(xian)縣(xian)名，寧(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)城(cheng)(cheng)也就隨(sui)之稱為興城(cheng)(cheng)古城(cheng)(cheng)。興城(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)墻就是(shi)興城(cheng)(cheng)古城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)主體建筑(zhu)(zhu)。

歷史見證

興城城墻歷經570多年的風風雨雨仍巍然屹立，是當今中華大地上為數不多的明清古城墻建筑(zhu)，是明代軍事防御型城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市的(de)標(biao)本，它與(yu)平(ping)遙城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、西安城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、荊州城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)并稱為(wei)中(zhong)國保存最完整的(de)四座古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，也是中(zhong)國現存惟一的(de)正(zheng)方形(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，受到聯合國及歐盟文化遺 產(chan)保護(hu)專家和為(wei)數眾多的(de)中(zhong)外(wai)游客的(de)青睞和關注。學者們認(ren)為(wei)，研究中(zhong)國古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，興城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)必不可(ke)少。 興城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)整體為(wei)正(zheng)方形(xing)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)基礎(chu)用(yong)條石，外(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)用(yong)青磚(zhuan)(zhuan)砌成，內(nei)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)用(yong)不規則塊(kuai)石壘砌，中(zhong)間用(yong)夯土所筑(zhu)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)頂端外(wai)沿筑(zhu)有垛口(kou)，守城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)官兵(bing)可(ke)以(yi)以(yi)此護(hu)身、了望、射箭(jian)；內(nei)沿筑(zhu)有女(nv)兒(er)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，高度低于垛口(kou)，起著(zhu)加固城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。用(yong)于人(ren)員行走的(de)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)面稱為(wei)“海(hai)墁”，“海(hai)墁”系青磚(zhuan)(zhuan)鋪就，中(zhong)凸外(wai)低，便于排水(shui)和減輕(qing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)夯土的(de)承重壓力。1644年三(san)月，李(li)自成率領的(de)農民軍兵(bing)逼(bi)北(bei)京(jing)，崇禎皇(huang)帝(di)匆忙下令寧遠總兵(bing)吳三(san)桂(gui)放棄寧遠城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，入關勤王，這樣，清軍才占領寧遠。

1948年9月28日，東北野戰軍第(di)四(si)縱隊(dui)一部(bu)在縱隊(dui)副司令(ling)員胡奇(qi)才的(de)率領下(xia)，解(jie)放了(le)興城(cheng)(cheng)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)。當時，解(jie)放軍指戰員從城(cheng)(cheng)墻突(tu)破進(jin)入古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)內，但為了(le)保護文(wen)物古(gu)跡，他們盡(jin)量避免開(kai)炮射擊(ji)城(cheng)(cheng)墻。三(san)十多年后，古(gu)稀之年的(de)胡奇(qi)才將(jiang)軍重回古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)，欣然揮筆寫下(xia)了(le)：“古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)回到人民手中”。至今，這幅題字仍(reng)在古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)鐘鼓樓上懸掛。

隨著興(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)知(zhi)名(ming)(ming)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提升，旅(lv)游(you)開(kai)發事業得到蓬勃(bo)發展，中外游(you)客(ke)紛至沓來，文物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)工(gong)作也取得了(le)顯著的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進展。在人民政府(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重視下，由于戰亂而有(you)所毀壞(huai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)部(bu)分地(di)段的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)垛口、女(nv)兒墻(qiang)和(he)海墁(man)得到修(xiu)復，魁星樓(lou)也重現了(le)往(wang)日(ri)風采，保(bao)護(hu)維修(xiu)使(shi)興(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)煥(huan)發了(le)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生機，1988年1月13日(ri)，興(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)被(bei)(bei)國(guo)務院公布為全國(guo)重點文物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)單位(wei)；對城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)進行綜合(he)研(yan)究和(he)文化整理也隨之同步進行，已經(jing)有(you)多部(bu)有(you)關興(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)書籍出(chu)版或研(yan)究論文發表；天(tian)津大學(xue)、上海同濟大學(xue)等高校的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)名(ming)(ming)學(xue)者為興(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)精心(xin)編制了(le)保(bao)護(hu)規劃；先后有(you)《三進山(shan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)》、《平原游(you)擊隊(dui)》、《濟南(nan)戰役》、《袁崇煥(huan)》、《遠(yuan)東陰謀(mou)》、《甲午陸戰》等影視劇在興(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)拍攝外景；2001年，興(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)保(bao)護(hu)開(kai)發工(gong)程啟動，興(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)被(bei)(bei)規劃為“城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣思(si)古”游(you)覽區，游(you)人們登(deng)臨城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)，不僅可以驚嘆(tan)中國(guo)古代建筑藝術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精湛(zhan)，還(huan)能穿越歷史的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時空，回味(wei)著明(ming)末那(nei)一幕幕蕩氣回腸(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)戰爭(zheng)場面。

建造藝術

城墻四面的正中各設城門，東為春和門、南為延輝門、西為永寧門、北為威遠門。城門(men)上(shang)修(xiu)筑了(le)箭樓(lou)，俗稱城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)樓(lou)和城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)，為兩層樓(lou)閣建筑，重檐高聳、氣勢巍峨。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)旁邊(bian)分別(bie)有(you)(you)坡形馬道，供人員上(shang)下城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)外(wai)均有(you)(you)半圓(yuan)形甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，與(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻連為一體(ti)。 興城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻東南(nan)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)上(shang)建有(you)(you)魁星(xing)樓(lou)一座(zuo)，其他(ta)三個(ge)拐(guai)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)處都設有(you)(you)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)臺，明清(qing)征戰時期，在角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)臺上(shang)架(jia)設火炮，平時角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)臺上(shang)也有(you)(you)士(shi)兵駐扎，以加強(qiang)對城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻的防(fang)御(yu)。距離魁星(xing)樓(lou)不遠處的城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻底端，有(you)(you)水(shui)門(men)洞(dong)一個(ge)，為明代所修(xiu)，至今保存完好，是(shi)古代的排(pai)水(shui)設施。

古城(cheng)內的四條(tiao)大街(jie)(jie)，是古城(cheng)的主(zhu)干道，他們因循四座(zuo)城(cheng)門而得名，分(fen)別稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)春和(he)(he)街(jie)(jie)、延輝街(jie)(jie)、永寧(ning)街(jie)(jie)和(he)(he)威遠街(jie)(jie)，城(cheng)中百姓根據(ju)方(fang)位分(fen)別稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)東街(jie)(jie)、南(nan)街(jie)(jie)、西街(jie)(jie)和(he)(he)北街(jie)(jie)。街(jie)(jie)道兩旁分(fen)布著(zhu)許多(duo)老字(zi)號店鋪，其中以南(nan)街(jie)(jie)最為(wei)(wei)集中，因此有"明代(dai)一(yi)條(tiao)街(jie)(jie)"的美譽。四條(tiao)大街(jie)(jie)呈十字(zi)形(xing)規(gui)則分(fen)布，因此又統稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)十字(zi)大街(jie)(jie)，十字(zi)大街(jie)(jie)的交叉(cha)點坐落著(zhu)一(yi)座(zuo)鐘鼓樓。

鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鼓樓(lou)(lou)與(yu)(yu)城墻(qiang)的四座城門(men)箭樓(lou)(lou)遙相呼應，鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鼓樓(lou)(lou)為二層樓(lou)(lou)閣建筑(zhu)，登臨樓(lou)(lou)頂，城墻(qiang)和古(gu)城內的景觀盡收(shou)眼底。鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鼓樓(lou)(lou)是古(gu)代(dai)城市的報時中心，晨鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)暮鼓。在明(ming)與(yu)(yu)后金軍隊征戰(zhan)期間，鎮守寧遠城的明(ming)軍主帥袁崇煥就坐(zuo)鎮鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鼓樓(lou)(lou)指(zhi)揮作戰(zhan)。

建筑風格

與世界上現存的其他城墻相比，興城城墻有許多引人關注的獨特性。在明代修建城墻時，主(zhu)要(yao)考慮到軍事(shi)防(fang)御的需(xu)要(yao)，因(yin)此設置了角臺等軍事(shi)設施(shi)，在這方面(mian)特(te)別(bie)值得稱道的是(shi)半圓(yuan)形的甕城和便(bian)于人(ren)馬通行的坡形馬道。

甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)于四座(zuo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門的(de)(de)外側，呈半圓形(xing)(xing)，與城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)同時興(xing)建(jian)(jian)。甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)突(tu)出城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門之(zhi)外，既體(ti)現出一種(zhong)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)美學，又(you)可以保護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門在(zai)戰(zhan)斗中不(bu)被敵人輕(qing)易接近與破壞。在(zai)實戰(zhan)中即便敵軍(jun)攻破了甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門，在(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)上(shang)的(de)(de)守軍(jun)仍(reng)能以極快(kuai)的(de)(de)速度(du)組織(zhi)調度(du)，居高臨下從(cong)四面向城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)下發動(dong)還擊(ji)，而(er)敵軍(jun)一旦(dan)身陷(xian)半圓形(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)內，人馬(ma)很難脫身，成語“甕(weng)中捉鱉”可以說是對甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)功能最生動(dong)地(di)描述。明朝末(mo)年努(nu)爾哈赤和(he)皇太極所(suo)率領的(de)(de)軍(jun)隊攻打寧遠(yuan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)時，就是在(zai)甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內遭到猛(meng)烈攻擊(ji)而(er)損失慘重。 興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)四座(zuo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓的(de)(de)造型體(ti)現出明代(dai)(dai)北方的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)風格，它的(de)(de)磚木結構(gou)是傳統的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)特點。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓建(jian)(jian)在(zai)拱形(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門洞之(zhi)上(shang)，與鐘鼓樓一樣(yang)是二層(ceng)樓閣建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，面闊8.9米(mi)，進深4.5米(mi)，內有(you)樓梯登樓，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)(xing)式為重檐歇山頂，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓頂端(duan)為青(qing)色筒瓦(wa)和(he)板瓦(wa)覆(fu)蓋，正脊(ji)(ji)兩端(duan)有(you)吻獸裝飾(shi)，戧(chuang)脊(ji)(ji)上(shang)的(de)(de)垂獸和(he)檐角(jiao)前部裝飾(shi)的(de)(de)跑(pao)獸神態栩(xu)栩(xu)如生。按照(zhao)明代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)規(gui)制，不(bu)同級別的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓上(shang)裝飾(shi)的(de)(de)跑(pao)獸數(shu)目是不(bu)一樣(yang)的(de)(de)，寧遠(yuan)衛城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓檐角(jiao)裝飾(shi)的(de)(de)跑(pao)獸有(you)天馬(ma)、海(hai)馬(ma)和(he)獅子(zi)三種(zhong)，其(qi)中，天馬(ma)、海(hai)馬(ma)是吉祥的(de)(de)化身，獅子(zi)則代(dai)(dai)表勇猛(meng)和(he)威嚴，它們的(de)(de)寓意與這座(zuo)軍(jun)事防御型城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)特色可謂不(bu)謀(mou)而(er)合。

內壁特色

興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)壁(bi)(bi)也很(hen)有特(te)色(se)(se)。為(wei)了使城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)堅固，形(xing)成強大的(de)(de)(de)支撐(cheng)力(li)，避免內(nei)心的(de)(de)(de)夯(hang)土松動(dong)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)在(zai)建(jian)筑之初就用不(bu)規則城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)石(shi)砌(qi)筑內(nei)壁(bi)(bi)，然后將壁(bi)(bi)面鑿平(ping)，所(suo)以稱為(wei)“毛(mao)石(shi)墻(qiang)”；由于(yu)石(shi)料大多是(shi)(shi)就地(di)取材，遠望去(qu)顏色(se)(se)近似(si)虎(hu)皮，所(suo)以又被稱為(wei)“虎(hu)皮毛(mao)石(shi)墻(qiang)”。 興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)是(shi)(shi)中國古(gu)代(dai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)規劃(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)典范。從建(jian)筑科學上講，興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)選址得體(ti)(ti)，恰好(hao)處在(zai)山水圍河的(de)(de)(de)平(ping)原(yuan)地(di)帶(dai)，十(shi)分有利(li)于(yu)形(xing)成良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)和(he)局部(bu)小氣候(hou)。背山可以抵(di)擋冬(dong)天(tian)北來的(de)(de)(de)寒流，抱陽可以得到良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)日照，近水可以保(bao)障生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)及(ji)灌溉供水，還可以防止風(feng)沙(sha)侵襲，對(dui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)居民十(shi)分有利(li)。 中國古(gu)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)傳統哲(zhe)學思想在(zai)興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)規劃(hua)(hua)和(he)建(jian)筑中，體(ti)(ti)現(xian)得淋(lin)漓盡致：興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)建(jian)成正方(fang)形(xing)，是(shi)(shi)取傳統宇宙觀的(de)(de)(de)“天(tian)圓(yuan)地(di)方(fang)”，予以大地(di)沉穩、永無銷(xiao)毀之意(yi)；興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)周長(chang)及(ji)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門數(shu)(shu)、街路(lu)數(shu)(shu)均(jun)為(wei)偶數(shu)(shu)，體(ti)(ti)現(xian)了古(gu)代(dai)哲(zhe)學中數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)思辨。