中(zhong)(zhong)村窯(yao)(yao)遺(yi)址位于福(fu)建省三明市(shi)三元(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)中(zhong)(zhong)村鄉,距市(shi)區(qu)8公(gong)里(li)。該窯(yao)(yao)為北(bei)宋(song)中(zhong)(zhong)晚期創燒,由(you)珠山(shan)(shan)中(zhong)(zhong)心作(zuo)坊(fang)區(qu)、宋(song)代珠山(shan)(shan)窯(yao)(yao)址、元(yuan)(yuan)代蛇頭山(shan)(shan)窯(yao)(yao)址、元(yuan)(yuan)至明初的草寮(liao)山(shan)(shan)后山(shan)(shan)窯(yao)(yao)址及珠山(shan)(shan)1—4號山(shan)(shan)窯(yao)(yao)址組成,面積27萬平方米。制(zhi)瓷(ci)作(zuo)坊(fang)遺(yi)跡、宋(song)代古(gu)道、石拱(gong)橋、桂花(hua)古(gu)樹、瓷(ci)土礦(kuang)保(bao)存完整。
1993年(nian)(nian)至1994年(nian)(nian),福(fu)建省博物館(guan)、三明(ming)市(shi)文管辦和(he)三明(ming)市(shi)博物館(guan)聯合組成考古隊,先后(hou)兩(liang)次對(dui)其中的草(cao)寮(liao)后(hou)山窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)址(zhi)進(jin)行了搶救性發(fa)掘,揭露出完(wan)(wan)整的元代龍窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)爐(lu)(lu)、陶洗(xi)池作坊、制坯作坊、窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)神(shen)祭臺等遺跡。同時(shi)還(huan)出土(tu)了一批瓷器(qi)、銅器(qi)及窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)具(ju)等珍貴(gui)文物。窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)爐(lu)(lu)為長(chang)(chang)條(tiao)斜坡式龍窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),斜長(chang)(chang)83米,窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)爐(lu)(lu)由窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)頭、窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)室(shi)、窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)門、窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)尾等組成,保(bao)存完(wan)(wan)好,是目(mu)前福(fu)建省發(fa)現的燒制青白瓷最長(chang)(chang)的龍窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。?
中村窯(yao)窯(yao)址(zhi),以生產(chan)青白瓷(ci)為主,兼燒青瓷(ci)、醬(jiang)釉瓷(ci)等。產(chan)品種類豐富,有(you)各式碗(wan)、盤(pan)、杯、罐、爐、壺(hu)、燈等。裝飾手法以刻花、印花為主,紋(wen)(wen)(wen)飾有(you)各式蓖紋(wen)(wen)(wen)、劃花紋(wen)(wen)(wen)、折(zhe)枝花、魚藻紋(wen)(wen)(wen)、吉祥紋(wen)(wen)(wen)飾和數(shu)字等。
整(zheng)個窯(yao)場(chang)以珠山作(zuo)坊(fang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)心(xin),從北宋中(zhong)晚期(qi)創燒(shao)開始,延(yan)續至明(ming)(ming)初,成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)三明(ming)(ming)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)當時規(gui)模最大(da)的(de)(de)窯(yao)場(chang)。珠山作(zuo)坊(fang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)近3萬平(ping)方米,由(you)生(sheng)活區(qu)(qu)(qu)和生(sheng)產(chan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)兩部分組成(cheng)。白水(shui)(shui)河(he)由(you)南向北穿(chuan)越(yue)整(zheng)個作(zuo)坊(fang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)。作(zuo)坊(fang)區(qu)(qu)(qu)功(gong)能(neng)明(ming)(ming)確,分工細致,以白水(shui)(shui)河(he)為(wei)(wei)界(jie),東(dong)面(mian)(mian)為(wei)(wei)生(sheng)活區(qu)(qu)(qu),西面(mian)(mian)為(wei)(wei)生(sheng)產(chan)區(qu)(qu)(qu),各(ge)個窯(yao)址又有相對獨立的(de)(de)制瓷作(zuo)坊(fang)區(qu)(qu)(qu),形成(cheng)了規(gui)模宏大(da),作(zuo)坊(fang)系(xi)統完整(zheng)、持(chi)續燒(shao)造(zao)時間長的(de)(de)青白瓷窯(yao)系(xi)窯(yao)場(chang)。
中村窯(yao)持燒(shao)時間(jian)歷經宋、元、明數百年,其規模之大、延續時間(jian)之長,在福(fu)建(jian)(jian)省(sheng)亦為少(shao)見(jian)。特別作坊遺跡的(de)系統性(xing)、珍貴性(xing)和保存的(de)完整性(xing)在福(fu)建(jian)(jian)省(sheng)乃(nai)至全國(guo)都較為罕見(jian),得到了中國(guo)社科院考(kao)古所專(zhuan)家的(de)肯定。
1991年,中村回瑤(yao)窯址(zhi)被三明市(shi)人(ren)民政府公布為市(shi)級文物保護單位,
2005年(nian)5月年(nian)被(bei)福建(jian)省人民(min)政府公布(bu)為第六批省級(ji)文物保護單位
2013年5月,被國(guo)務院核定公布為第七批全國(guo)重點文(wen)物保護單位。?