灌木,高達(da)4米(mi)(mi)(mi)。枝直(zhi)(zhi)立,粗(cu)壯,灰褐色(se)(se),具(ju)(ju)皮孔(kong)(kong),小枝淡灰棕色(se)(se),無毛(mao)(mao)(mao)或(huo)被微(wei)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),具(ju)(ju)皮孔(kong)(kong)。葉片(pian)(pian)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),橢圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)狀卵(luan)(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)、寬(kuan)橢圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)至倒(dao)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)狀長(chang)(chang)橢圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)4-11(-15)厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)1.5-6(-11)厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),先(xian)端(duan)銳尖或(huo)短漸尖,基部(bu)楔(xie)形(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)寬(kuan)楔(xie)形(xing)(xing)(xing)至近圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),上面(mian)深(shen)綠色(se)(se),無毛(mao)(mao)(mao),下面(mian)粉綠色(se)(se),貼生疏柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)或(huo)僅(jin)沿葉脈被須(xu)狀柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)或(huo)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),稀無毛(mao)(mao)(mao);葉柄長(chang)(chang)0.8-2.5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),無毛(mao)(mao)(mao)或(huo)略被柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)。圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)錐(zhui)花(hua)(hua)(hua)序直(zhi)(zhi)立,由頂芽(ya)抽生,長(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)塔形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)5-13(-17)厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)3-10厘(li)(li);米(mi)(mi)(mi);花(hua)(hua)(hua)序軸與花(hua)(hua)(hua)梗、花(hua)(hua)(hua)萼無毛(mao)(mao)(mao),或(huo)被微(wei)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)、短柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)或(huo)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao);花(hua)(hua)(hua)序軸具(ju)(ju)皮孔(kong)(kong);花(hua)(hua)(hua)梗長(chang)(chang)0.5-1.5毫米(mi)(mi)(mi);花(hua)(hua)(hua)芳香;花(hua)(hua)(hua)萼長(chang)(chang)2-4毫米(mi)(mi)(mi),萼齒銳尖或(huo)鈍;花(hua)(hua)(hua)冠(guan)(guan)淡紫紅(hong)色(se)(se)、粉紅(hong)色(se)(se)至白色(se)(se),花(hua)(hua)(hua)冠(guan)(guan)管細弱,稀較粗(cu)達(da)3毫米(mi)(mi)(mi),近圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)柱形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)0.7-1.5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),裂片(pian)(pian)成熟時呈直(zhi)(zhi)角向外展開,卵(luan)(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)長(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)狀橢圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)3-5毫米(mi)(mi)(mi),先(xian)端(duan)內彎(wan)呈兜狀而具(ju)(ju)喙(hui),喙(hui)凸出(chu)(chu);花(hua)(hua)(hua)藥黃色(se)(se),長(chang)(chang)約(yue)3毫米(mi)(mi)(mi),位于花(hua)(hua)(hua)冠(guan)(guan)管喉部(bu)或(huo)稍凸出(chu)(chu)。果長(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)1-1.5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)約(yue)6毫米(mi)(mi)(mi),先(xian)端(duan)凸尖,皮孔(kong)(kong)不明顯(xian)。
產于河(he)北(bei)、山(shan)西。生(sheng)山(shan)坡灌(guan)叢(cong)或溝邊(bian)、河(he)旁,海拔1 200-2 200米。
生山(shan)坡叢林、山(shan)溝(gou)溪邊(bian)(bian)、山(shan)谷路(lu)旁、灘地水(shui)邊(bian)(bian),山(shan)谷灌叢中(zhong)或河邊(bian)(bian)溝(gou)旁,海拔900-2100米。庭園普遍栽(zai)培。喜(xi)光,喜(xi)溫暖(nuan)、濕潤(run)及陽光充足。稍(shao)耐(nai)陰,陰處(chu)或半陰處(chu)生長衰(shuai)弱,開花稀(xi)少。具有(you)一(yi)定耐(nai)寒性和(he)較強的(de)耐(nai)旱(han)力(li)。對(dui)土壤(rang)的(de)要求(qiu)不嚴,耐(nai)瘠薄,喜(xi)肥(fei)沃(wo)、排水(shui)良好的(de)土壤(rang),忌在低洼(wa)地種植,積水(shui)會引起病害,直至全株(zhu)死亡。落葉后(hou)萌動前裸根移植,選(xuan)土壤(rang)肥(fei)沃(wo)、排水(shui)良好的(de)向陽處(chu)種植。
播(bo)種(zhong)、扦(qian)插、嫁接(jie)、分株(zhu)、壓條(tiao)繁殖(zhi)。播(bo)種(zhong)苗不易保持(chi)原有性狀,但常有新(xin)的花(hua)色(se)出現(xian);種(zhong)子(zi)須經層(ceng)積,翌(yi)春(chun)播(bo)種(zhong)。夏季用嫩枝扦(qian)插,成(cheng)活率很高。
紅丁(ding)(ding)香(xiang)(xiang)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)強(qiang)健(jian)(jian),枝(zhi)干茂密,頂生(sheng)(sheng)大(da)型(xing)圓(yuan)錐花(hua)序燦爛(lan)無比(bi),花(hua)色美(mei)麗芳香(xiang)(xiang),抗(kang)病蟲害能力(li)極強(qiang),對(dui)(dui)大(da)氣(qi)污染、粉(fen)塵(chen)及氟化(hua)氫、二氧化(hua)硫等有毒氣(qi)體有較強(qiang)的(de)吸附能力(li)。故可作為西北城市城鎮行道樹(shu)、綠化(hua)、美(mei)化(hua)樹(shu)種(zhong),庭院種(zhong)植(zhi)或叢植(zhi)于草(cao)坪(ping)中(zhong)效果(guo)更佳。丁(ding)(ding)香(xiang)(xiang)花(hua)中(zhong)可提取丁(ding)(ding)香(xiang)(xiang)酚,可消(xiao)炎治病,主治牙科(ke)疾病,防腐止痛(tong)(tong)。且(qie)豐(feng)富的(de)丁(ding)(ding)香(xiang)(xiang)酚對(dui)(dui)人的(de)大(da)腦皮層中(zhong)樞神經有興奮作用,有利于調節情緒(xu),提神養性,促進健(jian)(jian)康,為優良(liang)的(de)保(bao)健(jian)(jian)原材料(liao)。且(qie)丁(ding)(ding)香(xiang)(xiang)酚中(zhong)所含的(de)化(hua)學物(wu)質,其殺菌能力(li)比(bi)石(shi)灰酸(suan)高5倍以(yi)上(shang),對(dui)(dui)肺炎雙球菌、流感細菌等也有一定(ding)的(de)抑(yi)制作用。同時,丁(ding)(ding)香(xiang)(xiang)的(de)根、莖人藥(yao),在藏(zang)醫中(zhong)稱(cheng)之為“沉香(xiang)(xiang)”,可清心解熱(re),治療(liao)頭痛(tong)(tong)、健(jian)(jian)忘(wang)和失眠等癥,也可鎮咳化(hua)痰,順氣(qi)平喘,主治慢(man)性支氣(qi)管炎。