亞灌木狀草(cao)本,高(gao)可達90厘(li)米。莖鈍(dun)四稜形,具淺(qian)槽(cao),無毛(mao)(mao)。葉卵圓形或三角狀卵圓形,長(chang)(chang)2.5-7厘(li)米,寬(kuan)2-4.5厘(li)米,先端漸尖,基(ji)部(bu)截形或圓形,稀鈍(dun),邊(bian)緣具鋸齒,上面(mian)綠色,下面(mian)較淡,兩面(mian)無毛(mao)(mao),下面(mian)具腺點;莖生葉葉柄長(chang)(chang)3-4.5厘(li)米,無毛(mao)(mao)。
輪傘(san)花(hua)(hua)序2-6花(hua)(hua),組成(cheng)頂生總(zong)狀花(hua)(hua)序,花(hua)(hua)序長(chang)達(da)20厘(li)米(mi)(mi)或以上(shang);苞片卵(luan)圓形(xing)(xing),紅(hong)(hong)色,大(da),在花(hua)(hua)開前包(bao)裹著花(hua)(hua)蕾(lei),先(xian)端(duan)尾狀漸(jian)尖;花(hua)(hua)梗長(chang)4-7毫米(mi)(mi),密被(bei)(bei)染紅(hong)(hong)的(de)具腺柔毛(mao),花(hua)(hua)序軸被(bei)(bei)微柔毛(mao)。花(hua)(hua)萼(e)鐘形(xing)(xing),紅(hong)(hong)色,開花(hua)(hua)時長(chang)約1.6厘(li)米(mi)(mi),花(hua)(hua)后(hou)增大(da)達(da)2厘(li)米(mi)(mi),外面沿脈上(shang)被(bei)(bei)染紅(hong)(hong)的(de)具腺柔毛(mao),內(nei)面在上(shang)半部被(bei)(bei)微硬(ying)伏毛(mao),二(er)唇(chun)(chun)形(xing)(xing),唇(chun)(chun)裂達(da)花(hua)(hua)萼(e)長(chang)1/3,上(shang)唇(chun)(chun)三角(jiao)狀卵(luan)圓形(xing)(xing),長(chang)5-6毫米(mi)(mi),寬10毫米(mi)(mi),先(xian)端(duan)具小尖頭(tou),下唇(chun)(chun)比上(shang)唇(chun)(chun)略(lve)長(chang),深(shen)2裂,裂片三角(jiao)形(xing)(xing),先(xian)端(duan)漸(jian)尖。
花(hua)冠(guan)(guan)紅色,長4-4.2厘米(mi)(mi),外被微(wei)柔毛,內面無毛,冠(guan)(guan)筒(tong)筒(tong)狀,直伸(shen)(shen)(shen),在喉部略增大(da),冠(guan)(guan)檐二(er)唇(chun)(chun)形(xing)(xing),上(shang)(shang)(shang)唇(chun)(chun)直伸(shen)(shen)(shen),略內彎,長圓形(xing)(xing),長8-9毫(hao)米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)約4毫(hao)米(mi)(mi),先端微(wei)缺,下(xia)唇(chun)(chun)比上(shang)(shang)(shang)唇(chun)(chun)短,3裂(lie),中(zhong)裂(lie)片(pian)半(ban)圓形(xing)(xing),側(ce)裂(lie)片(pian)長卵(luan)圓形(xing)(xing),比中(zhong)裂(lie)片(pian)長。能育雄蕊(rui)(rui)2,近外伸(shen)(shen)(shen),花(hua)絲長約5毫(hao)米(mi)(mi),藥隔長約1.3厘米(mi)(mi),近伸(shen)(shen)(shen)直,上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)臂(bei)近等長,上(shang)(shang)(shang)臂(bei)藥室(shi)發(fa)育,下(xia)臂(bei)藥室(shi)不育,下(xia)臂(bei)粗大(da),不聯合。退化雄蕊(rui)(rui)短小。花(hua)柱與花(hua)冠(guan)(guan)近相等,先端不相等2裂(lie),前(qian)裂(lie)片(pian)較長。花(hua)盤等大(da)。
小堅果橢(tuo)圓形,長(chang)約3.5毫(hao)米,暗褐色(se),頂(ding)端具不規則極少數的縐折(zhe)突(tu)起,邊緣或稜具狹翅,光滑。 ?
原產于巴(ba)西(xi),我國各(ge)地廣泛(fan)栽培。
喜陽(yang),也耐半陰,一(yi)串(chuan)紅要求疏(shu)松、肥沃和排水(shui)良(liang)好的砂(sha)質壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)。而對用甲基溴化物(wu)處(chu)理土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)和堿性土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)反應非常敏感,適宜于pH5.5—6.0的土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)中生(sheng)長(chang)。耐寒(han)性差(cha),生(sheng)長(chang)適溫20-25攝氏(shi)(shi)度。15攝氏(shi)(shi)度以下停止生(sheng)長(chang),10攝氏(shi)(shi)度以下葉片枯黃(huang)脫落。
一(yi)串紅(hong)采用播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)或(huo)(huo)桿(gan)插法(fa)繁(fan)殖,以(yi)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)較多(duo)(duo)。華(hua)北(bei)地(di)區播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)季(ji)節不限,其余(yu)地(di)區以(yi)春季(ji)為宜(yi)。一(yi)串紅(hong)花期較遲,春播(bo)(bo)者9~10月開(kai)花,如要使花期提(ti)前或(huo)(huo)采收種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子,應在3月初將種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子播(bo)(bo)于溫室或(huo)(huo)溫床。播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)床內施以(yi)少(shao)量基肥,將床面平整并(bing)澆透水,水滲后播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),覆一(yi)層薄土,播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后8~10天種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子萌(meng)發(fa)。生長(chang)約100天開(kai)花,花期約兩個月。桿(gan)插多(duo)(duo)用嫩枝,以(yi)3~5月或(huo)(huo)9~10月較為適宜(yi),結(jie)合摘頂芽(ya)進行。
溫(wen)室栽種一串紅,如(ru)室內高溫(wen)、高濕或(huo)光照(zhao)不足,易發(fa)生(sheng)腐爛病,必須(xu)注(zhu)意調(diao)節溫(wen)度,使空氣流通。此(ci)外,一串紅易發(fa)生(sheng)紅蜘蛛(zhu)、蚜蟲(chong)等蟲(chong)害,可噴氧(yang)化樂果(guo)乳劑1500倍(bei)液防治。
一串(chuan)紅(hong)(hong)常(chang)用紅(hong)(hong)花品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),秋高氣(qi)爽之際,花朵(duo)繁密,色(se)彩艷(yan)麗。常(chang)用作(zuo)花叢(cong)花壇(tan)的(de)主體材(cai)料。也(ye)可植于(yu)帶(dai)狀花壇(tan)或(huo)自(zi)然(ran)式(shi)純植于(yu)林緣.常(chang)與淺(qian)黃(huang)色(se)美人蕉、矮萬壽菊(ju)、淺(qian)藍(lan)或(huo)水(shui)粉色(se)水(shui)牡丹(dan)、翠菊(ju)、矮霍香(xiang)薊等配(pei)合布置。一串(chuan)紅(hong)(hong)矮生品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)更(geng)宜用于(yu)花壇(tan),白花品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)除與紅(hong)(hong)花品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)配(pei)合觀賞效(xiao)果較好外。一般白花、紫花品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)觀賞價(jia)值不及紅(hong)(hong)花品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)。
一(yi)串(chuan)紅(hong)的花語:一(yi)串(chuan)紅(hong)代表戀愛(ai)的心,一(yi)串(chuan)白代表精(jing)力充沛,一(yi)串(chuan)紫代表智(zhi)慧。