簡介
那(nei)曲(qu)冬(dong)蟲(chong)夏草(cao)產(chan)地于在(zai)西(xi)藏那(nei)曲(qu)地區，它(ta)屬(shu)于藏蟲(chong)草(cao)中的一種。從其生(sheng)長環境來區分，因西(xi)藏那(nei)曲(qu)基本上都是草(cao)原，因此那(nei)曲(qu)冬(dong)蟲(chong)夏草(cao)屬(shu)于草(cao)原蟲(chong)草(cao)。
分布情況
西藏那(nei)曲(qu)冬(dong)(dong)蟲夏草(cao)是指地理(li)位置(zhi)介于東經92°04′至94°10′，北緯(wei)38°40′至31°58′之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)西藏自(zi)治區那(nei)曲(qu)地區那(nei)曲(qu)、嘉黎、比(bi)如、索(suo)縣(xian)、巴青(qing)、聶榮6縣(xian)現轄行政區域的(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然環(huan)境下，天然生長的(de)(de)(de)(de)冬(dong)(dong)蟲夏草(cao)。一般產于海拔3600~6000米的(de)(de)(de)(de)西藏那(nei)曲(qu)地區羌塘草(cao)原，和其(qi)他產地的(de)(de)(de)(de)冬(dong)(dong)蟲夏草(cao)相比(bi)具有蟲體粗、表面色澤(ze)黃(huang)凈、子座短、活性(xing)物質多、無污染等特點。目前，西藏那(nei)曲(qu)冬(dong)(dong)蟲夏是世界公認的(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)優質的(de)(de)(de)(de)冬(dong)(dong)蟲夏草(cao)，有“極草(cao)”、“黃(huang)金草(cao)”之稱。
采收時間
每年夏(xia)初5月中(zhong)旬(xun)至(zhi)6月底，子(zi)座未(wei)出土，孢子(zi)未(wei)發散時挖(wa)取，曬至(zhi)6-7成干，除去(qu)纖維狀的附著物(wu)及雜質，曬干或低溫干燥(zao)。
儲存方法
儲存(cun)關(guan)鍵在(zai)(zai)于防潮(chao)、防蛀和防蟲，把(ba)蟲草(cao)放進密(mi)封的玻璃瓶，里(li)面再放一些花椒或丹(dan)皮，然(ran)后放置在(zai)(zai)冰箱(xiang)中；如果需(xu)要(yao)保存(cun)半年(nian)以(yi)上，在(zai)(zai)儲存(cun)冬(dong)蟲夏(xia)草(cao)的地(di)方旁邊還(huan)要(yao)擺放干燥劑，以(yi)更好地(di)防潮(chao)。
形態特點
那(nei)曲(qu)冬蟲(chong)夏草相比其他蟲(chong)草具(ju)有以下(xia)特點：
1、西(xi)藏(zang)那曲(qu)蟲(chong)草蟲(chong)體(ti)表面色(se)(se)澤黃凈，不論蟲(chong)體(ti)大(da)小，色(se)(se)澤均一致。其他(ta)產(chan)地蟲(chong)草色(se)(se)或(huo)(huo)淡，或(huo)(huo)泛(fan)紅而灰白。另外，西(xi)藏(zang)那曲(qu)所(suo)(suo)產(chan)蟲(chong)草眼睛顏(yan)色(se)(se)為(wei)棕(zong)色(se)(se)，青海玉樹和果洛所(suo)(suo)產(chan)蟲(chong)草眼睛顏(yan)色(se)(se)為(wei)黃色(se)(se)，川草和其它地區所(suo)(suo)產(chan)的草多為(wei)紅色(se)(se)。
2、西(xi)藏那曲蟲(chong)草無論蟲(chong)體(ti)大小，看(kan)上(shang)(shang)去均顯得粗(cu)肥勻(yun)稱，尾(wei)寬(kuan)長(chang)至少5cm以上(shang)(shang)。其他產(chan)地的蟲(chong)草蟲(chong)體(ti)細瘦且尾(wei)細短。
3、西藏那曲蟲草蟲體和尾皆(jie)透亮(liang)油潤，有股濃(nong)酥油的香味(wei)(wei)。其他產地的蟲草香味(wei)(wei)極淡(dan)，甚(shen)至只有草味(wei)(wei)，且(qie)無油潤感。
不同(tong)產地的冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)夏草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)差(cha)異是比較(jiao)大的。西(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)那(nei)曲蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、西(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)林芝(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、青海(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)以及四(si)川蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)這些(xie)不同(tong)產地的蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)是有明顯(xian)區(qu)別的，采(cai)挖時間、蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)體色(se)(se)和藥(yao)用價值(zhi)都不同(tong)。一(yi)般從時間來說，5、6月間采(cai)集的蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)質(zhi)量(liang)最(zui)好，海(hai)(hai)拔越高，天氣轉暖，冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)夏草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)的采(cai)挖期(qi)同(tong)樣就越晚。而(er)且海(hai)(hai)拔越高，蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)質(zhi)量(liang)也就越上乘。從地形來講，陽坡的蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)相(xiang)對于陰坡要好。從產區(qu)來講，西(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)那(nei)曲蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)為(wei)最(zui)上乘，尤其是色(se)(se)度和大小；較(jiao)差(cha)的是四(si)川蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)，個頭較(jiao)小、顏色(se)(se)較(jiao)黑、子座較(jiao)長。西(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)由于氣候條件差(cha)異，西(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)采(cai)挖期(qi)比其他省區(qu)再推遲半月或一(yi)月左右。那(nei)曲地區(qu)五月份(fen)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)就已(yi)經開始生長。
蟲草(cao)(cao)因其(qi)產(chan)地海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)高(gao)度(du)不同(tong)、品質差異(yi)較大。西藏那曲是(shi)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)最(zui)高(gao)的(de)(de)蟲草(cao)(cao)產(chan)區，產(chan)區海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)高(gao)度(du)約(yue)4500－6000米(mi)；其(qi)次是(shi)青(qing)海(hai)，產(chan)區海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)高(gao)度(du)約(yue) 3000－4000米(mi)；再次是(shi)四川(chuan)和(he)其(qi)它地區，蟲草(cao)(cao)的(de)(de)品質就較差了。色澤也(ye)各異(yi)，以蟲草(cao)(cao)眼(yan)睛的(de)(de)顏色最(zui)明顯。西藏那曲所(suo)產(chan)蟲草(cao)(cao)眼(yan)睛顏色為棕色，青(qing)海(hai)玉樹和(he)果洛所(suo)產(chan)蟲草(cao)(cao)眼(yan)睛顏色為黃(huang)色，川(chuan)草(cao)(cao)和(he)其(qi)它地區所(suo)產(chan)的(de)(de)草(cao)(cao)多為紅色。
生長過程
那曲(qu)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)在(zai)西藏高原那曲(qu)地區(qu)海拔4500~6000米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)高原上。冬(dong)(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)簡稱(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)，是冬(dong)(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)真(zhen)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)寄生(sheng)于蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)蝙蝠蛾幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體內(nei)(nei)，到(dao)了夏(xia)(xia)(xia)季發育而成。冬(dong)(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)因此得名。真(zhen)正的(de)(de)(de)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)均為(wei)(wei)(wei)野生(sheng)，具(ju)有醫(yi)藥療效的(de)(de)(de)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)產(chan)地是西藏那曲(qu)和青海玉樹(shu)兩(liang)個(ge)產(chan)地的(de)(de)(de)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)，藏曲(qu)堂(tang)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)和同(tong)(tong)仁堂(tang)是這(zhe)兩(liang)個(ge)產(chan)地的(de)(de)(de)代表品(pin)牌，其中(zhong)以同(tong)(tong)仁堂(tang)價(jia)(jia)格最高。夏(xia)(xia)(xia)季，蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)子(zi)(zi)卵產(chan)于地面(mian)，經過(guo)(guo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)月(yue)左(zuo)右(you)孵化(hua)變成幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)后(hou)鉆入潮濕松軟的(de)(de)(de)土(tu)層。土(tu)里的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種真(zhen)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)孢(bao)(bao)子(zi)(zi)囊侵襲了幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，在(zai)幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體內(nei)(nei)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)。經過(guo)(guo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)天(tian)(tian)，到(dao)第(di)二年春天(tian)(tian)來臨，真(zhen)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)絲(si)開始生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，到(dao)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)天(tian)(tian)時長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)出地面(mian)，外觀象一(yi)(yi)(yi)根小(xiao)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)，這(zhe)樣(yang)，幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)軀殼與(yu)真(zhen)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)絲(si)共同(tong)(tong)組(zu)成了一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)完整的(de)(de)(de)“冬(dong)(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)”。菌(jun)(jun)(jun)孢(bao)(bao)把蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體作為(wei)(wei)(wei)養料(liao)，生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)迅速，蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體一(yi)(yi)(yi)般為(wei)(wei)(wei)四(si)至五厘米(mi)，菌(jun)(jun)(jun)孢(bao)(bao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)之內(nei)(nei)即可長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)至蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)(du)，這(zhe)時的(de)(de)(de)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“頭(tou)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)”，子(zi)(zi)座(zuo)普遍短小(xiao)，顏(yan)色(se)(se)(se)與(yu)飽(bao)滿度(du)(du)(du)都(dou)屬上等，藥用(yong)價(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)最好；第(di)2～3天(tian)(tian)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)孢(bao)(bao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)至蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體的(de)(de)(de)1.5～2倍左(zuo)右(you)，稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“中(zhong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)”，子(zi)(zi)座(zuo)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)(du)適中(zhong)或(huo)稍稍偏長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，顏(yan)色(se)(se)(se)與(yu)飽(bao)滿度(du)(du)(du)都(dou)屬中(zhong)等或(huo)偏上，藥用(yong)價(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)較好；超過(guo)(guo)3天(tian)(tian)，菌(jun)(jun)(jun)孢(bao)(bao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)至蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)2倍或(huo)者以上，稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“尾草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)”，子(zi)(zi)座(zuo)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)(du)較長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，顏(yan)色(se)(se)(se)與(yu)飽(bao)滿度(du)(du)(du)很一(yi)(yi)(yi)般或(huo)較差，藥用(yong)價(jia)(jia)值(zhi)(zhi)較差。
藥用價值
性味功能(neng)：味甘，性平。有補肺益(yi)腎，止喘咳，補精氣，扶正抑癌，提(ti)高免疫(yi)力的功能(neng)的；
主(zhu)治(zhi)用(yong)法：用(yong)于咳(ke)虛喘，勞嗽咯血，陽痿遺精，腰膝酸痛。用(yong)量3-9g；
應用：
1.病后體虛，貧血(xue)，頭暈，白(bai)細胞、紅細胞減少(shao)，冬蟲夏(xia)草9g，燉童子(zi)雞吃。或燉鴨、豬肉吃了；
2.陽痿、遺精，腰酸腿軟：冬蟲夏草、杜仲(zhong)、淫羊霍(huo)、肉蓯蓉。水煎服；
3.肺(fei)結核咳血：冬蟲夏草、白(bai)芨、百(bai)部各(ge)12g，杏仁、川貝、麥冬各(ge)9g，阿(a)膠珠5g。水煎服(fu)；
4.慢性腎炎：冬蟲夏(xia)草。水(shui)煎，常服。
近(jin)代醫學(xue)(xue)臨床(chuang)(chuang)研究(jiu)證實，那曲(qu)冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)夏草含(han)有蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)草酸約(yue)7%，糖類(lei)28.9%，脂(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)約(yue)8.4%，蛋白質約(yue)25%，脂(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)中82.2%為不飽和(he)脂(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)酸，此(ci)外，尚含(han)有維生(sheng)素(su)(su)B12、麥角脂(zhi)醇、六碳糖醇、生(sheng)物(wu)堿等(deng)(deng)。據醫學(xue)(xue)科學(xue)(xue)分(fen)析(xi)，蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)草體內含(han)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)草酸。維生(sheng)素(su)(su)B12、脂(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)、蛋白等(deng)(deng)。蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)草性甘、溫平、無(wu)毒，是(shi)著名的(de)(de)(de)滋補(bu)強壯(zhuang)藥(yao)，常用肉類(lei)燉食，有補(bu)虛(xu)健體之效(xiao)(xiao)。適用于治(zhi)療肺(fei)(fei)氣虛(xu)和(he)肺(fei)(fei)腎兩虛(xu)、肺(fei)(fei)結核等(deng)(deng)所(suo)致的(de)(de)(de)咯血(xue)(xue)(xue)或痰中帶血(xue)(xue)(xue)、咳嗽。氣短(duan)、盜汗等(deng)(deng)，對腎虛(xu)陽痿、腰膝酸疼(teng)等(deng)(deng)亦有良好的(de)(de)(de)療效(xiao)(xiao)，也是(shi)老年體弱者的(de)(de)(de)滋補(bu)佳品。現代醫學(xue)(xue)研究(jiu)表明(ming)，冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)夏草吞噬腫(zhong)瘤細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)力(li)是(shi)硒的(de)(de)(de)4倍，冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)夏草所(suo)含(han)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)草素(su)(su)能(neng)明(ming)顯增強紅細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)粘(zhan)附腫(zhong)瘤細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)力(li)，抑制腫(zhong)瘤生(sheng)長(chang)和(he)轉移，能(neng)明(ming)顯提升(sheng)白血(xue)(xue)(xue)球和(he)血(xue)(xue)(xue)小板數(shu)量，迅速改(gai)善放化(hua)療后的(de)(de)(de)嘔吐惡心(xin)、胃口差、頭發脫落、失(shi)眠等(deng)(deng)癥狀。在美國，已將冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)夏草列為抗(kang)腫(zhong)瘤新(xin)藥(yao)，進(jin)入(ru)臨床(chuang)(chuang)三期。此(ci)外，冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)夏草對于某(mou)些腎病與(yu)呼吸系統(tong)疾病也有很好的(de)(de)(de)治(zhi)療作(zuo)用。清代吳(wu)儀洛《本(ben)草叢新(xin)》，書中認為冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)夏草性味甘，溫。功能(neng)補(bu)肺(fei)(fei)益腎，化(hua)痰止咳。可用之于久咳虛(xu)喘，產(chan)后虛(xu)弱、陽痿陰冷等(deng)(deng)“虛(xu)”的(de)(de)(de)病癥。
大腳走天下 
