芒果视频下载

簡介

銀(yin)盤水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站正(zheng)(zheng)常蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)215m，死(si)(si)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)211.5m，保證(zheng)出力161.7MW，裝機(ji)(ji)容量600MW，多年平均發(fa)電(dian)(dian)量27.08億kW/h，庫(ku)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)每(mei)天(tian)在正(zheng)(zheng)常蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)215m和(he)死(si)(si)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)211.5m之間變(bian)化。銀(yin)盤水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)輪機(ji)(ji)正(zheng)(zheng)常運行水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)頭范(fan)圍(wei)為13～35.12m，加權平均水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)頭為29.66m，額(e)定水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)頭26.5m。其(qi)運行水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)頭屬(shu)低水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)頭且(qie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)頭變(bian)幅(fu)(fu)較大(da)，該水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)頭是(shi)軸流轉槳(jiang)式機(ji)(ji)型較理(li)想的運行范(fan)圍(wei)。軸流轉槳(jiang)式水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)輪機(ji)(ji)具(ju)有效率(lv)曲(qu)線(xian)平坦、單位(wei)轉速高、穩(wen)定運行區域較寬廣等優點(dian)，適(shi)用(yong)于低水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)頭段且(qie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)頭變(bian)幅(fu)(fu)大(da)的電(dian)(dian)站。經綜合分析比較，本(ben)電(dian)(dian)站選用(yong)軸流轉槳(jiang)式水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)輪發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)組方案。

烏江銀盤水電(dian)站由重慶大唐(tang)國際武隆(long)水電(dian)開發(fa)有限公(gong)司負責建設和運(yun)營管理(li)，目前，前3臺(tai)機(ji)組(zu)已(yi)投產發(fa)電(dian)，第(di)4臺(tai)機(ji)組(zu)也將于2011年底前投產發(fa)電(dian)。4臺(tai)機(ji)組(zu)全部投產運(yun)行(xing)后(hou)，每年將有30億千瓦(wa)時(shi)電(dian)量并入重慶電(dian)網，可緩解重慶市電(dian)力(li)緊張局(ju)面，并增加武隆(long)、彭水兩縣(xian)的財(cai)政收入，帶動地區(qu)經濟發(fa)展(zhan)。

工程技術

按(an)(an)照工(gong)(gong)程總體施工(gong)(gong)計劃(hua)安排，導流明渠混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)縱向圍堰在2007年(nian)8月底完(wan)工(gong)(gong)，該(gai)圍堰需從高(gao)(gao)程172m澆至堰頂217m,共上升(sheng)45m,其(qi)中高(gao)(gao)程184m以(yi)下為常態混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)，高(gao)(gao)程184m以(yi)上為碾壓(ya)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)，本工(gong)(gong)程各(ge)(ge)類混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)38.08萬(wan)立方(fang)米(mi),混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)月高(gao)(gao)峰期強度9.2萬(wan)立方(fang)米(mi)/月,混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)小時高(gao)(gao)峰期強度280立方(fang)米(mi)/h，由于各(ge)(ge)種客觀原因(yin)，工(gong)(gong)期滯后，為了(le)(le)確保(bao)該(gai)工(gong)(gong)程按(an)(an)期完(wan)成，黃河勘測規劃(hua)設(she)計有限公(gong)司(si)項(xiang)目監理(li)部(bu)、重慶國際水電(dian)(dian)開發公(gong)司(si)項(xiang)目工(gong)(gong)程部(bu)、以(yi)及中國水電(dian)(dian)十四(si)局(ju)項(xiang)目部(bu)針對碾壓(ya)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)縱向圍堰快速施工(gong)(gong)方(fang)案作了(le)(le)深入(ru)細致的(de)研究，并(bing)組織技術人(ren)員(yuan)到外地考察學習(xi)，提出了(le)(le)采用大倉面斜層(ceng)鋪(pu)筑法并(bing)取得了(le)(le)良好的(de)效果。

該技(ji)術將碾壓層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)由(you)平(ping)(ping)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)改為1∶10～1∶20的斜(xie)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，斜(xie)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)鋪(pu)(pu)筑法的具體做法是(shi)：開(kai)倉段(duan)(duan)先平(ping)(ping)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)鋪(pu)(pu)筑，且鋪(pu)(pu)筑層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)自下(xia)而上依(yi)次(ci)遞加，使新(xin)澆筑的混凝(ning)土表面(mian)(mian)形成一個斜(xie)面(mian)(mian)，至收倉端大部(bu)分(fen)混凝(ning)土按此斜(xie)面(mian)(mian)鋪(pu)(pu)筑，收倉段(duan)(duan)通過幾個依(yi)次(ci)加長的平(ping)(ping)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)收倉，即(ji)平(ping)(ping)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)段(duan)(duan)、斜(xie)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)段(duan)(duan)、平(ping)(ping)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)段(duan)(duan)三部(bu)分(fen)組成（見圖1）。

避免在(zai)坡腳(jiao)(jiao)部(bu)位(wei)形(xing)成(cheng)薄層尖(jian)腳(jiao)(jiao)和嚴格處(chu)理二次污染(ran)是保證(zheng)斜(xie)層鋪(pu)筑法施工質量的兩個主要(yao)問題(ti)，因(yin)薄層尖(jian)腳(jiao)(jiao)部(bu)位(wei)骨料(liao)(liao)易被壓碎，在(zai)坡腳(jiao)(jiao)部(bu)位(wei)應由人工清理骨料(liao)(liao)，清除坡腳(jiao)(jiao)處(chu)厚度小于10～20cm尖(jian)腳(jiao)(jiao)部(bu)位(wei)。其施工工藝流(liu)程同平層鋪(pu)筑法一致，在(zai)此不再贅述。

特殊氣象條件下施工

高溫條件下的(de)碾壓混凝土施(shi)工

高溫天氣施工，保(bao)證施工質量最根本的途徑是大(da)幅(fu)度(du)削減(jian)層間(jian)(jian)間(jian)(jian)隔(ge)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)，同時(shi)采用(yong)控制和(he)補(bu)償表面(mian)水分(fen)蒸(zheng)發散失的措施。斜層鋪筑法，人為縮小澆筑面(mian)積，大(da)幅(fu)度(du)削減(jian)層間(jian)(jian)間(jian)(jian)隔(ge)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)，對混凝土的層面(mian)結(jie)合(he)質量和(he)抗剪(jian)能力都有可(ke)靠保(bao)證。

（1）施工(gong)倉面覆蓋(gai)

高溫(wen)條(tiao)件(jian)下，采用保溫(wen)被對倉面(mian)及時(shi)進行覆蓋，不僅可(ke)以(yi)(yi)起到保溫(wen)保濕的作用，還可(ke)以(yi)(yi)延緩碾壓混(hun)凝(ning)土的初凝(ning)時(shi)間，減小(xiao)VC值(zhi)的增加(jia)，同時(shi)對運輸車輛設置遮(zhe)陽(yang)遮(zhe)雨棚，以(yi)(yi)降低暴雨對混(hun)凝(ning)土拌和物(wu)含水量的影響。

（2）施工(gong)倉面噴霧(wu)

噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)溫(wen)是夏季高溫(wen)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)重要(yao)質量保證(zheng)措施(shi)之一。本工(gong)(gong)程倉(cang)(cang)面(mian)(mian)安(an)設4臺噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧機，同時配(pei)有沖毛槍，對(dui)攤鋪的(de)混凝土表面(mian)(mian)不斷噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧，效(xiao)果較好(hao)(hao)，未(wei)發現(xian)失(shi)(shi)水(shui)變白，結硬現(xian)象。若噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧效(xiao)果良(liang)好(hao)(hao)，可降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低倉(cang)(cang)面(mian)(mian)溫(wen)度(du)3℃左右(you)，減小(xiao)了(le)溫(wen)度(du)倒(dao)灌，營造了(le)適(shi)宜澆筑的(de)倉(cang)(cang)面(mian)(mian)小(xiao)氣(qi)候。國內(nei)外資料證(zheng)明：VC值(zhi)(zhi)的(de)大小(xiao)與(yu)壓實度(du)及強度(du)有密切關系。VC值(zhi)(zhi)損(sun)失(shi)(shi)在1～2h內(nei)影響(xiang)不大，大于2h后(hou)VC值(zhi)(zhi)損(sun)失(shi)(shi)成倍增長。通過氣(qi)溫(wen)在29℃時，對(dui)倉(cang)(cang)面(mian)(mian)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧和未(wei)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧兩(liang)種工(gong)(gong)況下VC值(zhi)(zhi)觀測(ce)結果（見表1）可知(zhi)，做好(hao)(hao)倉(cang)(cang)面(mian)(mian)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)(pen)霧降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)溫(wen)工(gong)(gong)作，減小(xiao)VC值(zhi)(zhi)損(sun)失(shi)(shi)，必須引起高度(du)重視。

雨天施工

在(zai)降(jiang)雨(yu)強(qiang)度(du)小于(yu)3mm/h的(de)條件下(xia)，可覆(fu)蓋防(fang)雨(yu)布(bu)繼續施工，當降(jiang)雨(yu)強(qiang)度(du)達(da)到或超(chao)過(guo)3mm/h時，應停止(zhi)拌和，迅速完成(cheng)尚未進行的(de)卸(xie)料、平倉和碾壓(ya)作業，并(bing)采取防(fang)雨(yu)和排水措施。當雨(yu)停時，適(shi)當調大VC值，這樣有(you)利于(yu)提高碾壓(ya)層面結合質量。