在江西省(sheng)銅鼓縣城(cheng)東,武寧鄉(xiang)水支(zhi) 流山(shan)口水上游的大塅鄉(xiang)太平村。1961年冬開工(gong),中途停(ting)建(jian)。1987年9月(yue)復(fu)工(gong),1990年底(di)建(jian)成。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)址以上集水面 積(ji)610.45平方(fang)公里(li),總庫容1. 15億立(li)方(fang)米(mi)。興利庫容 0.77億立(li)方(fang)米(mi)。攔(lan)河壩(ba)(ba)(ba)為(wei)漿砌塊石(shi)重力(li)壩(ba)(ba)(ba),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)(ding)高(gao)程 215.2米(mi),最大壩(ba)(ba)(ba)高(gao)43.4米(mi),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)(ding)長357米(mi),頂(ding)(ding)寬8米(mi)。 副(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)高(gao)15.6米(mi),頂(ding)(ding)寬4米(mi),長46米(mi)。建(jian)有水電站裝機4 臺共1.28萬千瓦(wa)。以發(fa)電為(wei)主(zhu),兼有防洪、養(yang)殖、灌溉等綜合效益。
大塅水(shui)庫(ku)位于中國江西省宜春市銅鼓縣大塅鎮(zhen),是(shi)一座以(yi)防洪、發電、灌溉、養殖為主(zhu)要功能(neng)的大(二)型水(shui)庫(ku)。水(shui)庫(ku)邊有巨巖名為天柱峰(feng),屬丹霞地貌,以(yi)其為中心(xin)在庫(ku)區建立天柱峰(feng)國家森林公(gong)園,水(shui)庫(ku)作(zuo)為其中之九(jiu)龍(long)湖景(jing)區。
引水系統
引水(shui)系統(tong)由進(jin)水(shui)口、隧(sui)洞、調(diao)壓井、高壓管(guan)道組成。進(jin)水(shui)口位(wei)于壩頭左(zuo)岸,為(wei)直(zhi)立塔(ta)式(shi),設有攔污柵,檢修閘門(men),工作鋼(gang)閘門(men)。隧(sui)洞位(wei)于進(jin)水(shui)口后(hou),長(chang)435.72米(mi),內徑4.4米(mi),鋼(gang)筋混凝土襯砌。隧(sui)洞末(mo)端設圓筒阻抗(kang)式(shi)調(diao)壓井,井徑16米(mi),高43.5米(mi),鋼(gang)筋混凝土結構。壓力管(guan)長(chang)142.52米(mi),主(zhu)管(guan)直(zhi)徑3.8米(mi),分4條叉管(guan)進(jin)入廠房(fang),叉管(guan)直(zhi)徑由2.1米(mi)變為(wei)1.75米(mi)。
施工進度
大塅水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)1969年(nian)(nian)冬開(kai)工(gong)(gong),打通(tong)一條275米(mi)長隧洞,因地質情況不明,資(zi)金不足停建(jian)(jian)。1974年(nian)(nian)進行(xing)地質勘探和編(bian)(bian)報初(chu)步設(she)計。為了進一步對工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)技(ji)術經濟進行(xing)論證,1984年(nian)(nian)秋委(wei)托(tuo)省水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)規劃設(she)計院進行(xing)勘測設(she)計,1985年(nian)(nian)編(bian)(bian)制(zhi)設(she)計任務書,1986年(nian)(nian)6月編(bian)(bian)制(zhi)補充初(chu)步設(she)計。1987年(nian)(nian)春,經省計委(wei)批準,縣委(wei)、縣政府決定續建(jian)(jian),9月20日正式開(kai)工(gong)(gong),由水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)電力部(bu)長江葛(ge)洲壩(ba)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)局(ju)(ju)承包施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)。1990年(nian)(nian)底(di)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)基本建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)(cheng),第(di)(di)1臺(tai)機組投(tou)(tou)產發(fa)電。整個工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)明挖土(tu)方(fang)8.85萬(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi),填土(tu)方(fang)1.98萬(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi),明挖石(shi)(shi)方(fang)21.47萬(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi),洞挖石(shi)(shi)方(fang)1.49萬(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi),漿砌(qi)塊(kuai)石(shi)(shi)13.3萬(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi),干(gan)砌(qi)砌(qi)塊(kuai)石(shi)(shi)0.51萬(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi),混凝(ning)土(tu)和鋼(gang)筋(jin)混凝(ning)土(tu)8.04萬(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi),安(an)裝(zhuang)金屬(shu)327噸(dun),帷幕灌漿4120米(mi),固(gu)結(jie)灌漿14729米(mi)。共用(yong)勞(lao)動(dong)工(gong)(gong)日107.66萬(wan)(wan)個,總投(tou)(tou)資(zi)6200萬(wan)(wan)元。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)淹田3878畝(mu),移(yi)民2475人(ren)。由于施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質量差,主壩(ba)及(ji)引(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)隧洞等重要部(bu)位采用(yong)灌漿加固(gu),主壩(ba)面板選用(yong)氯碇(ding)沙漿噴涂防滲,分塊(kuai)縫采用(yong)粘貼(tie)橡(xiang)皮止水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。加固(gu)措施(shi)(shi)及(ji)尾(wei)工(gong)(gong)尚在繼續進行(xing)中。按(an)照施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)進度,余3臺(tai)發(fa)電機組可在1991年(nian)(nian)第(di)(di)一季(ji)度全部(bu)投(tou)(tou)產發(fa)電。1990年(nian)(nian)成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)(li)了大擐水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)管理局(ju)(ju)(屬(shu)二級局(ju)(ju)),李紹成(cheng)(cheng)為局(ju)(ju)長,下(xia)設(she)發(fa)電、養殖廠(chang),有職工(gong)(gong)180人(ren)。
工程概況
水庫工程主要(yao)由主壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)、副壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)、放空底(di)孔、引水隧洞等建筑物組(zu)成。主壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)為漿砌石重力壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)高(gao)程215.2m,頂(ding)寬8.0m,最大壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)高(gao)43.4m,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)軸線(xian)成折線(xian)型,長357m,共14個(ge)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)段(duan)(duan),從左至右(you)分別為左岸擋水壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)段(duan)(duan)、溢流壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)段(duan)(duan)、右(you)岸擋水壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)段(duan)(duan)及(ji)右(you)岸接頭刺(ci)墻。其中3號(hao)(hao)、4號(hao)(hao)、5號(hao)(hao)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)段(duan)(duan)為溢流壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)段(duan)(duan),寬81m,共設5個(ge)溢流表(biao)孔,單孔凈寬12m,由露頂(ding)式弧形鋼(gang)閘門控制。
水庫(ku)漿砌石重力壩運行20年(nian)存在主要問題
1) 壩(ba)(ba)體防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)滲存(cun)在(zai)(zai)安全(quan)隱(yin)患,廊道(dao)滲水嚴(yan)重。壩(ba)(ba)體上(shang)游混凝土(tu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)滲面(mian)板存(cun)在(zai)(zai)裂縫、露筋、蜂窩、孔洞,且混凝土(tu)碳化嚴(yan)重,部分(fen)鈣質析(xi)出(chu)。2)壩(ba)(ba)基(ji)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)滲不滿(man)足規范要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。壩(ba)(ba)基(ji)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)滲帷幕(mu)產生了較嚴(yan)重溶出(chu)型腐蝕(shi),帷幕(mu)透水率(lv)(lv)不滿(man)足規范要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。3)壩(ba)(ba)體與上(shang)游混凝土(tu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)滲面(mian)板間開裂,壩(ba)(ba)體漿(jiang)砌石(shi)孔隙率(lv)(lv)較大,局(ju)部存(cun)在(zai)(zai)空洞,容(rong)重滿(man)足設計要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),但孔隙率(lv)(lv)不滿(man)足原(yuan)設計要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。4)溢流壩(ba)(ba)段(duan)混凝土(tu)表面(mian)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)缺陷,消能防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)沖存(cun)在(zai)(zai)安全(quan)隱(yin)患。