在江西省銅鼓縣(xian)城東,武寧(ning)鄉(xiang)水(shui)支 流山口水(shui)上游的大塅(duan)鄉(xiang)太(tai)平村。1961年(nian)冬開工,中途停(ting)建(jian)。1987年(nian)9月復工,1990年(nian)底建(jian)成。壩(ba)址以上集水(shui)面(mian) 積610.45平方公里,總(zong)庫(ku)容(rong)1. 15億立方米(mi)(mi)(mi)。興利(li)庫(ku)容(rong) 0.77億立方米(mi)(mi)(mi)。攔河壩(ba)為漿砌塊石重力壩(ba),壩(ba)頂(ding)(ding)高(gao)(gao)程 215.2米(mi)(mi)(mi),最大壩(ba)高(gao)(gao)43.4米(mi)(mi)(mi),壩(ba)頂(ding)(ding)長357米(mi)(mi)(mi),頂(ding)(ding)寬(kuan)8米(mi)(mi)(mi)。 副壩(ba)高(gao)(gao)15.6米(mi)(mi)(mi),頂(ding)(ding)寬(kuan)4米(mi)(mi)(mi),長46米(mi)(mi)(mi)。建(jian)有水(shui)電站裝機(ji)4 臺共1.28萬千瓦。以發電為主,兼有防洪、養殖(zhi)、灌溉等綜(zong)合效益(yi)。
大(da)塅水(shui)(shui)庫位于中(zhong)國(guo)江西(xi)省(sheng)宜春市銅鼓縣大(da)塅鎮,是一座以(yi)防洪、發(fa)電、灌溉、養殖為(wei)主(zhu)要功能的(de)大(da)(二)型(xing)水(shui)(shui)庫。水(shui)(shui)庫邊(bian)有巨巖名(ming)為(wei)天柱峰(feng),屬丹霞地貌,以(yi)其為(wei)中(zhong)心在庫區建立(li)天柱峰(feng)國(guo)家森(sen)林公園(yuan),水(shui)(shui)庫作(zuo)為(wei)其中(zhong)之九龍湖(hu)景區。
引水系統
引水(shui)系統由進水(shui)口(kou)、隧(sui)洞、調壓(ya)井(jing)、高壓(ya)管(guan)道組(zu)成。進水(shui)口(kou)位于(yu)壩頭左岸,為(wei)直(zhi)立塔式(shi),設有攔污柵,檢(jian)修(xiu)閘門(men),工作(zuo)鋼閘門(men)。隧(sui)洞位于(yu)進水(shui)口(kou)后,長(chang)435.72米(mi),內(nei)徑4.4米(mi),鋼筋混(hun)凝(ning)土襯砌。隧(sui)洞末端(duan)設圓(yuan)筒阻抗(kang)式(shi)調壓(ya)井(jing),井(jing)徑16米(mi),高43.5米(mi),鋼筋混(hun)凝(ning)土結構。壓(ya)力(li)管(guan)長(chang)142.52米(mi),主(zhu)管(guan)直(zhi)徑3.8米(mi),分4條(tiao)叉管(guan)進入廠房,叉管(guan)直(zhi)徑由2.1米(mi)變為(wei)1.75米(mi)。
施工進度
大塅水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)1969年(nian)冬開(kai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),打通一條275米(mi)(mi)(mi)長(chang)隧洞,因地質(zhi)情況不明,資金不足停建。1974年(nian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行地質(zhi)勘探和編報初(chu)步(bu)設(she)計。為了進(jin)(jin)(jin)一步(bu)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程技術經(jing)濟(ji)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行論證,1984年(nian)秋委托省水(shui)(shui)(shui)利規劃(hua)設(she)計院進(jin)(jin)(jin)行勘測設(she)計,1985年(nian)編制設(she)計任務書,1986年(nian)6月(yue)編制補充初(chu)步(bu)設(she)計。1987年(nian)春,經(jing)省計委批準(zhun),縣委、縣政府決定續建,9月(yue)20日(ri)正式開(kai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),由水(shui)(shui)(shui)利電力(li)部長(chang)江葛洲壩(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程局承包施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。1990年(nian)底工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程基本(ben)建成(cheng),第1臺機(ji)組投(tou)(tou)產(chan)發電。整個工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程完成(cheng)明挖(wa)土(tu)方(fang)(fang)8.85萬(wan)立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),填土(tu)方(fang)(fang)1.98萬(wan)立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),明挖(wa)石方(fang)(fang)21.47萬(wan)立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),洞挖(wa)石方(fang)(fang)1.49萬(wan)立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),漿(jiang)砌(qi)塊石13.3萬(wan)立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),干砌(qi)砌(qi)塊石0.51萬(wan)立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)和鋼筋混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)8.04萬(wan)立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),安裝金屬327噸(dun),帷幕灌(guan)漿(jiang)4120米(mi)(mi)(mi),固結(jie)灌(guan)漿(jiang)14729米(mi)(mi)(mi)。共用勞動工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)日(ri)107.66萬(wan)個,總投(tou)(tou)資6200萬(wan)元(yuan)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)淹田3878畝,移民(min)2475人。由于施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量差,主(zhu)壩(ba)及(ji)引水(shui)(shui)(shui)隧洞等重要部位采用灌(guan)漿(jiang)加(jia)固,主(zhu)壩(ba)面板選用氯碇沙漿(jiang)噴(pen)涂防滲,分(fen)塊縫采用粘(zhan)貼橡皮止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。加(jia)固措施(shi)及(ji)尾工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)尚在繼續進(jin)(jin)(jin)行中(zhong)。按照施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度,余3臺發電機(ji)組可在1991年(nian)第一季度全部投(tou)(tou)產(chan)發電。1990年(nian)成(cheng)立(li)了大擐水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)管理(li)局(屬二級局),李(li)紹成(cheng)為局長(chang),下設(she)發電、養殖廠,有職工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)180人。
工程概況
水(shui)庫工程(cheng)主要由主壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)、副壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)、放空底(di)孔(kong)、引水(shui)隧洞等建(jian)筑物組(zu)成。主壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)為(wei)漿砌石重力壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂高程(cheng)215.2m,頂寬8.0m,最大壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)高43.4m,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)軸線成折線型,長357m,共14個壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)段,從左(zuo)至右分別為(wei)左(zuo)岸(an)(an)擋(dang)水(shui)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)段、溢(yi)流壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)段、右岸(an)(an)擋(dang)水(shui)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)段及(ji)右岸(an)(an)接頭(tou)刺墻。其中3號、4號、5號壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)段為(wei)溢(yi)流壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)段,寬81m,共設5個溢(yi)流表孔(kong),單孔(kong)凈(jing)寬12m,由露頂式弧形鋼閘門控制。
水庫漿砌石重力壩運行(xing)20年存在主要問題
1) 壩體(ti)防(fang)滲(shen)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)安(an)全(quan)隱(yin)患(huan),廊道(dao)滲(shen)水(shui)(shui)嚴重(zhong)。壩體(ti)上(shang)游混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土防(fang)滲(shen)面(mian)(mian)板(ban)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)裂(lie)縫(feng)、露筋、蜂窩(wo)、孔(kong)洞,且混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土碳化嚴重(zhong),部(bu)分鈣質析出。2)壩基(ji)(ji)防(fang)滲(shen)不滿足(zu)規(gui)范要(yao)求(qiu)。壩基(ji)(ji)防(fang)滲(shen)帷幕產(chan)生了較嚴重(zhong)溶出型(xing)腐蝕,帷幕透水(shui)(shui)率(lv)不滿足(zu)規(gui)范要(yao)求(qiu)。3)壩體(ti)與(yu)上(shang)游混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土防(fang)滲(shen)面(mian)(mian)板(ban)間開裂(lie),壩體(ti)漿砌石孔(kong)隙(xi)率(lv)較大,局(ju)部(bu)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)空洞,容重(zhong)滿足(zu)設計(ji)要(yao)求(qiu),但孔(kong)隙(xi)率(lv)不滿足(zu)原設計(ji)要(yao)求(qiu)。4)溢流壩段混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土表面(mian)(mian)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)缺陷,消能防(fang)沖存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)安(an)全(quan)隱(yin)患(huan)。