位于湖北省(sheng)宜都市境(jing)內,是(shi)(shi)清江口的(de)最(zui)下游一個發電梯(ti)級(ji)(ji),也是(shi)(shi)隔河(he)巖梯(ti)級(ji)(ji)的(de)航運(yun)反調節梯(ti)級(ji)(ji),主要任(ren)務是(shi)(shi)發電和航運(yun)。
基本情況
樞紐布置自左(zuo)至(zhi)右(you)為左(zuo)岸(an)(an)非溢流(liu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba),河床式(shi)電(dian)站廠房,深孔(kong)泄洪(hong)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)段,表孔(kong)溢流(liu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)段,升(sheng)船機壩(ba)(ba)(ba)段及(ji)右(you)岸(an)(an)非溢流(liu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)段。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)頂長(chang)419.5m,最大壩(ba)(ba)(ba)高(gao)57m。正常蓄水位80m,水庫庫容4.3億立方米,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)區回水長(chang)50km,與隔(ge)河巖(yan)電(dian)站尾水相(xiang)接。
總計淹沒耕地(di)15633畝(mu),需安(an)置移民15174人。
電站屬大(da)(2)型,高壩洲(zhou)水(shui)電站樞紐(niu)由重(zhong)力壩、電站廠房和通(tong)航(hang)建筑物(wu)組成。建筑物(wu)布置自(zi)左(zuo)至右(you)依(yi)次為(wei)左(zuo)岸非(fei)溢(yi)流壩、電站廠房、泄(xie)洪深孔、縱向圍堰壩段、泄(xie)洪表孔、通(tong)航(hang)建筑物(wu)和右(you)岸非(fei)溢(yi)流壩。
大(da)壩(ba)(ba)為(wei)混凝(ning)土重力壩(ba)(ba),最大(da)壩(ba)(ba)高(gao)57m,壩(ba)(ba)頂高(gao)程83m,上游(you)面垂直,下游(you)壩(ba)(ba)坡(po)為(wei)1∶0.75,壩(ba)(ba)頂全(quan)長439.5m。
深孔(kong)(kong)泄洪壩(ba)段共3個(ge)(ge)壩(ba)段,每(mei)個(ge)(ge)壩(ba)段寬(kuan)17m,孔(kong)(kong)口尺寸(寬(kuan)×高)9×9.4m,設(she)弧形(xing)工作門和平(ping)(ping)板(ban)(ban)檢修(xiu)門。表孔(kong)(kong)溢流壩(ba)段共6個(ge)(ge)壩(ba)段,每(mei)個(ge)(ge)壩(ba)段寬(kuan)17.5m,設(she)弧形(xing)工作門和平(ping)(ping)板(ban)(ban)檢修(xiu)門。河床式電(dian)站設(she)在(zai)(zai)左岸共3臺(tai),機(ji)組段長78m,安裝(zhuang)廠長46m。升船(chuan)機(ji)設(she)在(zai)(zai)右岸為一級(ji)垂直(zhi)升船(chuan)機(ji),采(cai)用(yong)濕運(yun)方(fang)式,承船(chuan)箱有效尺寸(長×寬(kuan)×高)42×10.2×1.7m,通航噸(dun)(dun)級(ji)300噸(dun)(dun),設(she)計年(nian)運(yun)量(liang)近期(qi)67.8萬噸(dun)(dun)/年(nian),遠期(qi)173萬噸(dun)(dun)/年(nian)。電(dian)站裝(zhuang)機(ji)25.2萬kw,年(nian)發(fa)電(dian)量(liang)8.98億(yi)kwh。
地質條件
高壩洲水(shui)電站地處鄂西山地與江(jiang)漢平原(yuan)的過(guo)渡(du)地帶(dai),屬低山丘陵區(qu)。庫(ku)岸穩(wen)定(ding)性較好。庫(ku)、壩區(qu)處于區(qu)域構造相對穩(wen)定(ding)地段(duan),地震基本烈度(du)為(wei)6度(du)。水(shui)庫(ku)不存在(zai)向鄰谷滲(shen)漏和河間地段(duan)滲(shen)漏問題,封閉條件較好。
高(gao)壩洲(zhou)壩址(zhi)位(wei)于長陽復(fu)背斜東端(duan)南(nan)翼,該段(duan)為一單斜構造,巖層走向(xiang)280°~290°,傾南(nan)西,傾角(jiao)30°~35°。壩址(zhi)處河(he)谷開闊,兩岸邊(bian)坡左緩(huan)右(you)陡,為不對稱河(he)谷。
高壩(ba)洲(zhou)壩(ba)基巖(yan)(yan)(yan)體(ti)左段(duan)(duan)為古巖(yan)(yan)(yan)溶角礫(li)巖(yan)(yan)(yan),方(fang)解石膠結,屬塊狀巖(yan)(yan)(yan)體(ti),無裂(lie)隙切割,整體(ti)性好,但膠結物中有大(da)小(xiao)不一的(de)次生晶洞;河床中段(duan)(duan)為寒武系上峰(feng)尖(jian)組中厚層(ceng)白(bai)云(yun)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)夾極薄層(ceng)泥質白(bai)云(yun)巖(yan)(yan)(yan),軟弱夾層(ceng)較(jiao)多,層(ceng)間剪切帶發育(yu);右(you)段(duan)(duan)為寒武系黑石溝組第一段(duan)(duan)灰色(se)厚層(ceng)白(bai)云(yun)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)、灰巖(yan)(yan)(yan)夾極薄層(ceng)泥質白(bai)云(yun)巖(yan)(yan)(yan);右(you)岸壩(ba)肩外(wai)地段(duan)(duan)斷裂(lie)構造發育(yu)。工程(cheng)地質情況(kuang)清楚,具備修建本水(shui)電站的(de)地質條件。
施工
高壩(ba)洲水(shui)電站(zhan)樞紐施(shi)工(gong)采用(yong)分期(qi)(qi)導(dao)流(liu)方式(shi),一期(qi)(qi)先圍左河(he)床,右河(he)床明(ming)渠導(dao)流(liu),在高圍堰保護下基(ji)坑內(nei)可全年(nian)施(shi)工(gong);二期(qi)(qi)圍右河(he)床,第(di)一個(ge)枯水(shui)期(qi)(qi)利用(yong)圍堰擋(dang)水(shui)和一期(qi)(qi)工(gong)程(cheng)興建的(de)泄(xie)洪深孔泄(xie)流(liu),保護基(ji)坑內(nei)施(shi)工(gong),汛期(qi)(qi)基(ji)坑過水(shui),汛后利用(yong)碾壓(ya)混凝(ning)土(tu)壩(ba)和下游碾壓(ya)混凝(ning)土(tu)圍堰擋(dang)水(shui),深孔泄(xie)洪,保護基(ji)坑內(nei)施(shi)工(gong),并(bing)采用(yong)壩(ba)體臨(lin)時擋(dang)水(shui)發電。
工程對外交通有“318”國道公(gong)路(lu)、焦枝鐵路(lu)、長江水運(yun),電站大件設備和主(zhu)要建筑材(cai)料運(yun)輸方便。
樞(shu)紐主要(yao)工程(cheng)量:土石方開(kai)挖220萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)立方米,土石填(tian)方103 萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)立方米,砼104萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)立方米,鋼筋1.89萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun),金屬結構1.24萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)噸(dun)。帷幕(mu)灌漿(jiang)12.72萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)m,固(gu)結灌漿(jiang)1.25萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)m。工程(cheng)耗用(yong)材料:鋼筋2萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)t、鋼材1.9萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)t、水泥22萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)t、粉煤灰5.9萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)t、木材2.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)m3。工程(cheng)所需勞動力總(zong)工日(ri)為564萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)個(ge),平均施工人(ren)數2250人(ren),高峰施工人(ren)數5500人(ren)。
按1992年物價水(shui)平,設(she)計工程概算靜態(tai)總(zong)投(tou)資13.77億(yi)元,其中水(shui)庫淹沒處(chu)理補(bu)償(chang)投(tou)資2.71億(yi)元。
高(gao)壩洲水(shui)電站1996年10月(yue)一期工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)已(yi)截(jie)流,主體(ti)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)左(zuo)右壩肩水(shui)上開(kai)挖(wa)、開(kai)關站場(chang)平(ping)(ping)、左(zuo)岸高(gao)程(cheng)(cheng)83m和高(gao)程(cheng)(cheng)37.2m兩條灌漿平(ping)(ping)洞開(kai)挖(wa)已(yi)提前完成。1998年10月(yue)二期工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)截(jie)流,1999年10月(yue)首臺(tai)機組發電,2000年3臺(tai)機組全部投(tou)產(chan),2001年竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)。
主(zhu)體(ti)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)和永久設備招標(biao)發包分主(zhu)體(ti)建筑安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)、水(shui)輪發電機組及其(qi)輔助設備制造、金屬結構設備制造三個大標(biao)。主(zhu)體(ti)建筑安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)由中(zhong)國葛洲壩水(shui)利水(shui)電工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)集(ji)團(tuan)公司中(zhong)標(biao)。
技術問題
1. 壩址深層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)夾層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)地質(zhi)問題 壩址左(zuo)段(duan)基(ji)礎為(wei)(wei)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)溶角礫(li)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)。中(zhong)段(duan)為(wei)(wei)薄(bo)(bo)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)加(jia)中(zhong)厚(hou)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)白云(yun)(yun)(yun)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)夾含泥(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)質(zhi)白云(yun)(yun)(yun)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)和(he)少量灰(hui)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)、泥(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)、砂巖(yan)(yan)(yan)以及極(ji)薄(bo)(bo)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)泥(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)質(zhi)白云(yun)(yun)(yun)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)和(he)泥(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)灰(hui)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)。其中(zhong)薄(bo)(bo)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)、極(ji)薄(bo)(bo)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)泥(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)質(zhi)白云(yun)(yun)(yun)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)和(he)泥(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)灰(hui)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)在后(hou)期的(de)構造變動中(zhong),多(duo)發(fa)育(yu)成剪切(qie)帶。右段(duan)為(wei)(wei)厚(hou)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)白云(yun)(yun)(yun)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)、灰(hui)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)夾薄(bo)(bo)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)泥(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)質(zhi)白云(yun)(yun)(yun)巖(yan)(yan)(yan),薄(bo)(bo)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)泥(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)質(zhi)白云(yun)(yun)(yun)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)多(duo)發(fa)育(yu)成剪切(qie)帶。壩址基(ji)礎內(nei)有剪切(qie)帶10余處,其中(zhong)有7層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)已弱化,力(li)學強度(du)很低(di),其系值只有0.2—0.25。
2. 電站廠房蝸殼(ke)(ke)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)預應(ying)力鋼(gang)筋砼結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)。 由(you)(you)于(yu)蝸殼(ke)(ke)的作用(yong)(yong)水頭(tou)約46—54m,由(you)(you)于(yu)工(gong)(gong)期(qi)緊張鋼(gang)蝸殼(ke)(ke)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)不能滿(man)足工(gong)(gong)期(qi)要求,因此采(cai)用(yong)(yong)預應(ying)力鋼(gang)筋砼結(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)。
3. 消(xiao)(xiao)能型式的選擇 當0.1%校核洪水(shui)時(shi),表(biao)、深孔分(fen)別為16600 立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)/秒和5600 立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)/,單寬流量分(fen)別為153 立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)/秒和110 立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)/秒,經水(shui)力條件及工程量比較,結(jie)合水(shui)工模型試驗成果分(fen)析,表(biao)孔采(cai)用變半(ban)徑(jing)的實體(ti)消(xiao)(xiao)力戽加Y型寬尾墩方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an),深孔采(cai)用戽式消(xiao)(xiao)力池方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)。
4. 二期大壩由常態(tai)砼(tong)改為碾壓砼(tong)施工(gong),壩體上(shang)升速度加快,可由二期壩體擋(dang)水發電,省(sheng)掉(diao)原設計中的上(shang)游碾壓砼(tong)圍堰擋(dang)水發電的碾壓砼(tong)圍堰,減少了投資。