水庫簡介
察爾森(sen)水庫位(wei)于嫩江(jiang)支流洮(tao)兒河中游內(nei)蒙古科爾沁右翼(yi)前旗(qi)境內(nei),距烏蘭(lan)浩特(te)市(shi)32km,是(shi)一座以(yi)灌溉、防洪為(wei)主(zhu),結合發電、養魚、旅游等綜合利用的(de)大(da)型水利樞紐。壩址(zhi)以(yi)上流域面積為(wei)7780平方公里,多年平均徑流量(liang)8.3億立方米 。
水(shui)庫(ku)大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)工程按(an)500年(nian)一(yi)(yi)遇洪水(shui)設(she)計,10000年(nian)一(yi)(yi)遇洪水(shui)校(xiao)核,由(you)壤土心墻壩(ba)(ba)、溢洪道、輸水(shui)洞(dong)和發電站四(si)部分(fen)組(zu)成,基礎處理采用混凝土防滲(shen)墻。水(shui)庫(ku)設(she)計總(zong)庫(ku)容12.53億立方(fang)米、最大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)高(gao)(gao)40m、壩(ba)(ba)長1712m、最大(da)(da)泄流(liu)量3500 立方(fang)米/秒,總(zong)裝機(ji)12.8mw。水(shui)庫(ku)建(jian)成后使洮(tao)兒河干流(liu)防洪能力(li)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)到20年(nian)一(yi)(yi)遇洪水(shui)標準,防洪保護(hu)面(mian)積700萬(wan)畝(mu);設(she)計灌溉供水(shui)能力(li)5.09億立方(fang)米,灌溉面(mian)積為主,99.69萬(wan)畝(mu),其中水(shui)田54.6萬(wan)畝(mu);年(nian)平均發電量2664萬(wan)kw.h;水(shui)庫(ku)可利(li)用養殖水(shui)面(mian)7萬(wan)畝(mu)。
歷史
察(cha)爾(er)森鎮又(you)是震(zhen)驚(jing)中外(wai)(wai)的“中村(cun)(cun)(cun)事(shi)(shi)件(jian)”發生地,以史實(shi)向世(shi)人揭示了日(ri)(ri)寇侵華的內幕。1931年(nian)6月(yue),日(ri)(ri)本帝國參謀省(sheng)情報(bao)員(yuan)中村(cun)(cun)(cun)震(zhen)太郎(lang)大尉等到察(cha)爾(er)森刺探軍(jun)事(shi)(shi)情報(bao),被(bei)東北軍(jun)興(xing)安屯墾(ken)公署上校軍(jun)務(wu)處長兼(jian)第三團團長關(guan)(guan)玉衡下(xia)令(ling)處決、焚尸。日(ri)(ri)本特務(wu)機關(guan)(guan)采(cai)用種(zhong)種(zhong)辦(ban)法(fa)得(de)知(zhi)中村(cun)(cun)(cun)被(bei)處死的詳(xiang)情。日(ri)(ri)本內閣就(jiu)“中村(cun)(cun)(cun)事(shi)(shi)件(jian)”進(jin)行(xing)專門(men)討(tao)論,并對中國政(zheng)府(fu)進(jin)行(xing)威脅。就(jiu)在9月(yue)17日(ri)(ri),日(ri)(ri)本公使重光葵還想中外(wai)(wai)發表聲(sheng)明,說因為“中村(cun)(cun)(cun)事(shi)(shi)件(jian)”而(er)“盛傳(chuan)日(ri)(ri)本軍(jun)隊有(you)動員(yuan)計劃(hua)說全系無稽之談”,目的是以此(ci)麻痹中國當局。24小(xiao)時之后,日(ri)(ri)本軍(jun)隊就(jiu)突然向東北軍(jun)駐地沈(shen)陽北大營發動襲(xi)擊,炮轟沈(shen)陽城,發動了震(zhen)驚(jing)中外(wai)(wai)的九一八(ba)事(shi)(shi)變。
工程介紹
水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)汛(xun)(xun)限(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位是水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)控制(zhi)(zhi)運用(yong)(yong)中十(shi)分(fen)(fen)敏感而重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指標,該(gai)指標由水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)規劃設(she)(she)計(ji)時按(an)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)所承擔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)任務(wu)、興(xing)利(li)要求、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)狀況(kuang)、泄(xie)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)能力以及上游淹沒損失等調節(jie)(jie)計(ji)算(suan)確(que)(que)定(ding)。多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)調度運行(xing)(xing)表明,一些建(jian)成(cheng)多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)其任務(wu)和(he)(he)作用(yong)(yong)與原設(she)(she)計(ji)發生了(le)很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變化,其水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)汛(xun)(xun)限(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位確(que)(que)定(ding)也應作相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調整。針(zhen)對察爾森(sen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)實際情(qing)況(kuang),研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)汛(xun)(xun)限(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)確(que)(que)定(ding)方法和(he)(he)汛(xun)(xun)限(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位動態控制(zhi)(zhi)方法,用(yong)(yong)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)治(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)思路和(he)(he)理(li)念去研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)如(ru)何(he)緩(huan)解防(fang)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)與興(xing)利(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)矛(mao)盾,充分(fen)(fen)利(li)用(yong)(yong)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)。主要研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)內容(rong)(rong)有(you):1.根據(ju)察爾森(sen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)現行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)調度規劃,對水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)系(xi)列進行(xing)(xing)了(le)調節(jie)(jie)計(ji)算(suan),由此對暴雨洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)發生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)季(ji)節(jie)(jie)特(te)性和(he)(he)分(fen)(fen)期(qi)(qi)規律進行(xing)(xing)了(le)深入研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu);與此同(tong)時,通過對水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)設(she)(she)計(ji)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)復(fu)核(he)(he)以及對區間洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)分(fen)(fen)期(qi)(qi)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),分(fen)(fen)析(xi)了(le)汛(xun)(xun)限(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位抬(tai)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)潛力。2.依據(ju)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)實際運行(xing)(xing)情(qing)況(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),確(que)(que)定(ding)了(le)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)運行(xing)(xing)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)關主要參數指標,同(tong)時在(zai)(zai)深入研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)目前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)(xing)狀況(kuang)和(he)(he)功能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上,進一步論證了(le)提高水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)汛(xun)(xun)限(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可行(xing)(xing)性。3.利(li)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)復(fu)核(he)(he)成(cheng)果,分(fen)(fen)析(xi)了(le)現行(xing)(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)防(fang)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)調度方案的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運用(yong)(yong)情(qing)況(kuang)以及存在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題,根據(ju)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)后汛(xun)(xun)期(qi)(qi)較長(chang)而且無明確(que)(que)防(fang)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)限(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)。 水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)于1971年(nian)(nian)(nian)9月開(kai)始設(she)(she)計(ji)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)正常蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位364.5m,死水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位342m,總庫(ku)(ku)容(rong)(rong)13.65×108m3,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)為(wei)I等工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)。主要建(jian)筑(zhu)物:大(da)壩(ba)、溢(yi)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)道(dao)、輸水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)道(dao)、電站。壩(ba)型(xing)為(wei)壤(rang)土心墻壩(ba),壩(ba)高39.7m,壩(ba)長(chang)1712m,溢(yi)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)道(dao)采用(yong)(yong)岸邊陡(dou)槽式,最大(da)泄(xie)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)量3995m3/s ,堰(yan)型(xing)為(wei)駝峰堰(yan),高353m。輸水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)道(dao)采用(yong)(yong)二洞(dong)合一的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)隧洞(dong),主洞(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)是灌(guan)溉輸水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),輔助行(xing)(xing)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)放空水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)和(he)(he)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)導流(liu),支洞(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)是發電輸水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),主廠(chang)房長(chang)48.8m,寬12.26m,副廠(chang)房長(chang)48.8m,寬6.25m。2臺HL123-LJ-140、2臺HJ240-LJ-180水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)輪機(ji)。裝機(ji)12.8MW。施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)周期(qi)(qi)3年(nian)(nian)(nian)。總投資9331.36萬元(85年(nian)(nian)(nian)價(jia)格水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平),單(dan)位千瓦投資7290.12元。