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水庫簡介

察爾森水(shui)庫位(wei)于嫩江支流洮兒(er)河中游內蒙古科爾沁右(you)翼(yi)前旗境內，距烏蘭浩特市32km，是一座(zuo)以灌溉、防洪為主，結合(he)發電(dian)、養(yang)魚、旅(lv)游等(deng)綜合(he)利用的大型(xing)水(shui)利樞紐。壩址以上流域面(mian)積為7780平方(fang)公里(li)，多年平均(jun)徑流量(liang)8.3億立方(fang)米 。

水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)大(da)(da)壩工程按500年(nian)一(yi)(yi)遇洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)計，10000年(nian)一(yi)(yi)遇洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)校核，由壤土心墻(qiang)壩、溢洪(hong)(hong)道、輸水(shui)(shui)(shui)洞和發電(dian)站四部(bu)分組成(cheng)，基礎處理采用混凝土防滲墻(qiang)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)設(she)計總庫(ku)(ku)容12.53億(yi)立(li)方(fang)米(mi)、最大(da)(da)壩高40m、壩長1712m、最大(da)(da)泄流量3500 立(li)方(fang)米(mi)/秒，總裝(zhuang)機12.8mw。水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)建成(cheng)后(hou)使(shi)洮兒河干(gan)流防洪(hong)(hong)能力(li)提高到(dao)20年(nian)一(yi)(yi)遇洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)標(biao)準，防洪(hong)(hong)保(bao)護(hu)面(mian)積700萬(wan)(wan)畝；設(she)計灌溉供水(shui)(shui)(shui)能力(li)5.09億(yi)立(li)方(fang)米(mi)，灌溉面(mian)積為主，99.69萬(wan)(wan)畝，其中(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)田(tian)54.6萬(wan)(wan)畝；年(nian)平均發電(dian)量2664萬(wan)(wan)kw.h；水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)可(ke)利用養殖(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)7萬(wan)(wan)畝。

歷史

察爾森(sen)鎮又是震驚中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)外(wai)的“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)村(cun)事件(jian)(jian)(jian)”發(fa)生地(di)，以史實向世人揭示了日(ri)(ri)寇侵華(hua)的內幕(mu)。1931年(nian)6月，日(ri)(ri)本(ben)帝國(guo)參謀省情(qing)報(bao)員中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)村(cun)震太(tai)郎大尉等到察爾森(sen)刺探軍(jun)(jun)事情(qing)報(bao)，被(bei)東北軍(jun)(jun)興安屯(tun)墾(ken)公(gong)署上校軍(jun)(jun)務處長兼第三團(tuan)團(tuan)長關玉衡下令處決、焚(fen)尸(shi)。日(ri)(ri)本(ben)特務機關采用種種辦法得(de)知中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)村(cun)被(bei)處死(si)的詳情(qing)。日(ri)(ri)本(ben)內閣(ge)就(jiu)“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)村(cun)事件(jian)(jian)(jian)”進行(xing)專門討論，并(bing)對(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)政府進行(xing)威脅。就(jiu)在9月17日(ri)(ri)，日(ri)(ri)本(ben)公(gong)使重(zhong)光葵還想中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)外(wai)發(fa)表聲明，說因為(wei)“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)村(cun)事件(jian)(jian)(jian)”而“盛(sheng)傳日(ri)(ri)本(ben)軍(jun)(jun)隊有動(dong)員計劃說全系無稽之談(tan)”，目的是以此麻(ma)痹中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)當局。24小時之后，日(ri)(ri)本(ben)軍(jun)(jun)隊就(jiu)突然向東北軍(jun)(jun)駐地(di)沈陽(yang)北大營發(fa)動(dong)襲擊，炮(pao)轟沈陽(yang)城，發(fa)動(dong)了震驚中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)外(wai)的九(jiu)一八事變。

工程介紹

水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)汛限(xian)(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)是(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)控(kong)制運用(yong)(yong)中十分敏(min)感而(er)重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指標(biao)，該(gai)指標(biao)由水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)規(gui)劃設(she)計(ji)時(shi)(shi)按(an)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)所承擔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)任(ren)務(wu)、興利要(yao)(yao)求、工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)狀況(kuang)、泄洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)能(neng)力以及上游(you)淹沒損失等調節(jie)計(ji)算確(que)(que)定(ding)。多年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)調度運行(xing)(xing)表明(ming)(ming)，一些建(jian)成(cheng)多年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)其任(ren)務(wu)和(he)(he)(he)作用(yong)(yong)與原設(she)計(ji)發生(sheng)了(le)(le)很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變化，其水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)汛限(xian)(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)確(que)(que)定(ding)也應作相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調整。針對(dui)(dui)察爾(er)森水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)實(shi)際(ji)(ji)情(qing)況(kuang)，研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)汛限(xian)(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)確(que)(que)定(ding)方法(fa)和(he)(he)(he)汛限(xian)(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)動(dong)態控(kong)制方法(fa)，用(yong)(yong)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)治水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)思(si)路和(he)(he)(he)理念去研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)如何緩解防洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)與興利的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)矛盾(dun)，充分利用(yong)(yong)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)內容(rong)有：1．根據(ju)(ju)察爾(er)森水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)現(xian)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)調度規(gui)劃，對(dui)(dui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)多年(nian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文系(xi)列(lie)進行(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)調節(jie)計(ji)算，由此(ci)對(dui)(dui)暴雨洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)發生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)季節(jie)特性和(he)(he)(he)分期規(gui)律進行(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)深入研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)；與此(ci)同時(shi)(shi)，通(tong)過對(dui)(dui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)設(she)計(ji)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)復(fu)(fu)核以及對(dui)(dui)區間洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)(he)分期洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)，分析了(le)(le)汛限(xian)(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)抬高(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)潛力。2．依據(ju)(ju)對(dui)(dui)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)實(shi)際(ji)(ji)運行(xing)(xing)情(qing)況(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)，確(que)(que)定(ding)了(le)(le)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)運行(xing)(xing)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有關主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)參數(shu)指標(biao)，同時(shi)(shi)在深入研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)目前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)(xing)狀況(kuang)和(he)(he)(he)功能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)上，進一步論(lun)證(zheng)了(le)(le)提高(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)汛限(xian)(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可行(xing)(xing)性。3．利用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文復(fu)(fu)核成(cheng)果(guo)，分析了(le)(le)現(xian)行(xing)(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)防洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)調度方案(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運用(yong)(yong)情(qing)況(kuang)以及存在的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題，根據(ju)(ju)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)后汛期較長(chang)而(er)且無明(ming)(ming)確(que)(que)防洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)限(xian)(xian)制水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)。 水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)于1971年(nian)9月開始設(she)計(ji)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)正常蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)364.5m，死水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)342m，總(zong)(zong)庫(ku)(ku)容(rong)13.65×108m3，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)為I等工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)建(jian)筑物(wu)：大(da)壩、溢洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)道(dao)、輸水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)道(dao)、電站。壩型為壤(rang)土心墻壩，壩高(gao)(gao)(gao)39.7m，壩長(chang)1712m，溢洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)道(dao)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)岸邊陡槽式(shi)，最(zui)大(da)泄洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)量(liang)3995m3/s ，堰型為駝峰堰，高(gao)(gao)(gao)353m。輸水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)道(dao)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)二洞合一的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)隧洞，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)洞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)是(shi)灌溉(gai)輸水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，輔助行(xing)(xing)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)放空水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)和(he)(he)(he)施工(gong)(gong)導流，支(zhi)洞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)是(shi)發電輸水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)廠(chang)(chang)房(fang)長(chang)48.8m，寬12.26m，副廠(chang)(chang)房(fang)長(chang)48.8m,寬6.25m。2臺HL123-LJ-140、2臺HJ240-LJ-180水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)輪機。裝機12.8MW。施工(gong)(gong)周期3年(nian)。總(zong)(zong)投資(zi)(zi)9331.36萬元（85年(nian)價格水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平），單位(wei)千瓦投資(zi)(zi)7290.12元。